Parents in the US have a lot of leeway when it comes to naming their children.

Just look at siblings Adolf Hitler, JoyceLynn Aryan Nation, and Heinrich Hinler Hons as an example. Though you could argue there were other repercussions, their parents were totally within their legal rights according to New Jersey law to give their kids these Nazi-themed names. 

And though some states do have restrictions on what parents can name their children for certain practical reasons, the US Constitution affords parents a great deal of autonomy in raising their kids.

Other countries, however, take a different view, many feeling that if a parent doesn't have their child's best interest at heart when naming them, it's the government's responsibility to step in. And other countries are particularly concerned about maintaining cultural identity.

Here are some of the names banned around the world:

SEE ALSO: 15 ways your child's name sets them up for success — or failure

DON'T MISS: One in five mothers say they regret the name they chose for their child — here are the most common reasons

Denmark

Denmark has a list of about 7,000 approved baby names, and if your name choice doesn't make the cut, you have to seek permission and have your name choice reviewed at Copenhagen University's Names Investigation Department and at the Ministry of Ecclesiastical Affairs.

More than 1,000 names are reviewed every year, and almost 20% are rejected, mostly for odd spellings.

France

In France, local birth certificate registrars must inform their local court if they feel a baby name goes against the child's best interests.

The court can then ban the name if it agrees, and will do so especially if it feels the name could lead to a lifetime of mockery.

Germany

Germany has a number of baby-naming restrictions, including: no gender-neutral names; no last names, names of objects, or names of products as first names; and no names that could negatively affect the child's well-being or lead to humiliation.

In just a few episodes, HBO’s Westworld hasn’t just provided fans with a story — it’s created an immersive, mysterious universe. Is it any surprise that fans are fascinated by a futuristic theme park in which Deadwood fantasies can come true?

While showrunners Jonathan Nolan and Lisa Joy riff on the central concept of Michael Crichton’s 1973 film to comment on heroism and villainy in the human spirit, they’ve been purposefully vague about exactly how Westworld works, leading to a flood of questions about the exact rules of the place.

Based on the episodes that have aired and interviews done by creators Jonathan Nolan and Lisa Joy, here’s what we know so far regarding what you can and cannot do in Westworld.

SEE ALSO: Everything we know about how the 'Westworld' theme park works

Rule #1: You Can’t Shoot Other Guests Dead (and the Hosts Can’t Shoot You)

This one seems the most clear-cut, even if it does open up other questions. The guns in Westworld do serious damage to androids but only have the impact of a BB gun to humans. Nolan called them“simunitions” while previewing the show to the Television Critics Association over the summer — they merely sting humans but they blow holes in hosts. So guests can go crazy during a Wild West shoot-out and not have to fear for their lives, which could be one of the reasons the Man in Black (Ed Harris) is seeking a deeper level of the game — he wants a greater challenge.

One question the weapons issues raises, though, is how Delos, the company that manages Westworld, might handle non-firearms. What if a guest or a rogue host goes after a human with an axe? Or a knife? Can a host push a guest off a cliff or would their code stop them from doing so? There are a lot of ways to die in Westworld that don’t involve simunitions, and those might come into play in future episodes.

Rule #2: The Overseers Control Your Journey

Don’t just plan to go to Westworld and kill every host you see. Just as you can’t see what’s behind the curtain at the Haunted Mansion, there are some game-play rules embedded in the structure of this adult theme park. When the Man in Black goes off-script in episode two, Stubbs (Luke Hemsworth) makes it clear that he has an “all-access pass” to the park, which implies that most people do not.

Would security agents like Stubbs step in and stop other guests? Are there commands that could be relayed to the hosts to intervene? We don’t know at this point, but one can easily envision drunken guests pushing the rules far enough that someone or something has to step in. Every theme park has an asshole or two.

Rule #3: You Enter at Your Own Risk

Can you imagine the accidental body count at a place like Westworld, especially after you factor in drinking at the saloon? Even with simunitions, humans must surely die when they visit. They can fall off cliffs, get run over by horses, or possibly even get killed by fellow guests — the show has been a little unclear about the potential of guest-on-guest violence, although one imagines that the hosts and/or operators would step in quickly. And, again, we’ve heard about that “critical failure” from three decades ago that likely involved guest harm or even death.

Nolan has made it clear that the guests entering Westworld must sign extensive liability waivers. Interestingly, he’s also implied that the hosts have been designed to keep the dumb guests alive. As he said, “So if you’ve got a drunken guest who’s careening towards a cliff edge, you’re more likely than not to have a host nearby who, without breaking that narrative, is going to find a way to gently steer them back.”

What's new in yachts isn't actually all that new — it's been around since the first sea creatures used their tails to glide through the ocean.

Montreal-based engineer Charles Bombardier created a yacht concept called the Seataci, which uses that ancient method of propulsion in a new way, framed around a $100 million luxury yacht.

Here's what it would look like if it were built. 

SEE ALSO: No one wants to buy this bizarre house in a wealthy San Francisco suburb

DON'T FORGET: Follow Business Insider's lifestyle page on Facebook!

Meet the Seataci, a unique yacht conceived by Montreal-based engineer Charles Bombardier.

The yacht is mostly unique in its propulsion system. It uses a wave movement similar to how whales travel through the water, using the two satellite engine pods submerged like submarines to generate movement. Foils in the pods oscillate to generate the movement required to propel the boat.

This method could be more economical and environmentally friendly, as well as less disruptive to sensitive ecosystems the ship passes through. It would also submerge much of the hull of the boat, which could provide unparalleled views of the ocean life below.

Sure, it's great to turn off your mind and immerse yourself in a three-hour-long orgy of cinematic excess. But sometimes, you just want a good story, capably told, that gets in and out and in less than 90 minutes.

After all, you're a busy person, with many responsibilities! Maybe you've only got a short window, or maybe you're just trying to sneak in one more movie in a late-night marathon.

Whatever your motivation, here are a few dozen (relatively) brief films worth your limited time.

SEE ALSO: 14 actors who regret their iconic movie roles

1. "Dumbo" (1941)

Disney's fourth animated movie was conceived as a model of simplicity and efficiency, made to recoup the losses of Fantasia. Even so, in just 64 minutes we get flying elephants, a valuable lesson in an interspecies mouse-elephant friendship, and what was, for at least one 5-year-old watching it on video, the astounding experience of seeing an adult have to explain why Dumbo was drunk. (For other time-efficient nostalgia trips, nearly every pre-1990s Disney movie clocks in under 80 minutes, including Bambi, Sleeping Beauty, and The Jungle Book.) 64 minutes.

Available on: Amazon.

2. "Frankenstein" (1931)

“It’s alive!” It sure is — James Whale’s 1931 Frankenstein buzzes throughout with the frenetic, fearful energy of its metaphorical origins in Mary Shelley’s novel. Boris Karloff’s monster is about as iconic as anything the movies have ever produced, and it only took 70 minutes for him to put a mark on horror that lasts to this day. 70 minutes.

Available on: Amazon.

3. "Pickpocket" (1959)

French filmmaker Robert Bresson’s movies can feel like alien experiences: expressionless, spare, and slowed to a crawl, they withhold from the audience most of what they expect from a filmic experience. But Pickpocket, with its noir-inflected plot and tense theft sequences, is a good entry point — and that last shot is a doozy. 75 minutes.

Available on: Amazon.

Networking events could be tough for people not used to talking to strangers.

But often a simple question could get a conversation going and make those events worth the time.

Amanda Zantal-Wiener at HubSpot, a marketing software company worth $2 billion, has come up with a bunch of icebreakers anyone could use at awkward social events. 

Here are the 9 best ones:

Read the full list here>>

SEE ALSO: A former LinkedIn employee explains the worst mistakes you can make with your profile photo

“Hi, I’m ‘X.’”

It's the easiest way to start a conversation. Just make sure you follow up with something else.

"Saying 'hi' is just your way to get the ball rolling, so be sure you can keep the exchange going and take it to the next level," Zantal-Wiener writes.

"Are you having issues with the Wi-Fi?"

The answer is almost always "yes." Good to follow up with stories about the internet stopping at the worst time for you.

"That [food or beverage] looks great. Where did you find it?"

Also good to share a story about a place where you had the best version of that specific food or beverage. Or compliment other things too, like their bag or jacket.

"Most people enjoy receiving positive feedback, and will probably follow up with a story about where or how they got it. (And if they don't follow up, ask them about it — remember, keep the conversation going)," Zantal-Wiener writes.

The Miami Heat Big Three may have changed the NBA, but almost as quickly as they came together, they fell apart, too.

With Chris Bosh's future in the NBA in doubt, Dwyane Wade ditching the Heat for the Bulls in the offseason, and LeBron James working on his title defense with the Cavaliers, the Heat Big Three has, officially, completely disbanded.

But amazingly, the Heat have undergone a fairly radical rebuild in the years since their last championship in the 2012-13 season. Even some of the most important role players on those teams now find themselves on different teams or out of the league altogether.

After four championship appearances, with two titles in 2011-12 and 2012-13, that era has fizzled out.

See where the major players are today.

LeBron James shook the league to its core when he left the Cleveland Cavaliers to join the Heat in 2010.

Now, of course, James is back in Cleveland, coming off the Cavs' first NBA championship after they beat the Warriors in the Finals.

Dwyane Wade was the founding member of the Heat Big Three, having already won a championship in his first seven years with the team.

Hedge funds are having a rough time.

Several storied managers are posting dismal performance, while others are closing shop entirely.

At the same time, the industry is known for being lucrative, turning a fortunate few into multi-millionaires – and even billionaires. 

Not that it's easy to find a job.

We asked a handful of hedge fund recruiters what it takes to find an investment role these days. Some common themes came up:

• There's a strong demand for analysts with quant backgrounds, which should come as little surprise – funds are incorporating alternative data into their strategies and trying to figure out how to outsmart the competition.
• Analysts need to be flexible, meaning they need to learn new skills or be willing to start at a small, start-up fund with less pay, since a lot of the bigger funds aren't hiring.

You can read the recruiters' advice in full below.

SEE ALSO: Behind the life and death of a star money manager accused of insider trading

DON't MISS: Meet the man Steve Cohen hired to oversee big data

Graham Smith, partner at Options Group

"The biggest trend right now is for hedge funds to be looking for talented quants of all levels to support their business. Gone are the times when it’s only the high frequency and systematic firms looking at hiring talented quants. We are seeing hedge funds of all strategies realize the value of big data and statistical analysis.

What's your advice for job seekers?

"Have a STEM (science, technology, engineering, math) degree from a top university, read up on topics/subjects beyond your core field of study, and be flexible as you may need to re-skill when you join a fund."

Richard Risch, CEO of the Risch Group

"The biggest trend today is how the industry is being reshaped as a result of poor performance industry wide. The big guys are seeing redemptions at a record rate, so hiring in that sector is non-existent or extremely limited. Today I would (and do) tell candidates looking in the hedge fund space to focus on the emerging manager segment. It is also the only segment of the industry we are seeing search work from today.

"Base pay is always lower at emerging managers, but could very well include equity. In one case a few years ago, an emerging manager took off, was sold and a couple of people received an eight-figure payout. As far as strategy, it seems the only ones consistently receiving net new institutional flows are systematic equity market neutral funds."

Adam Kahn, managing partner at Odyssey Search Partners

"Right now, the biggest trend in the hiring market is that the larger, more stable firms are really using this environment to pick off top-tier talent. Many of the larger multi-manager firms have been on a yearlong hiring spree. We don’t see them slowing down anytime soon.

"As for strategies, there seems to be much more demand in fixed income versus equity strategies."

What's your advice for job seekers?

"Level your expectations. Candidates should not expect guarantees or repayment of deferred comp.  This is a buyers’ market and if you decide you want to take a look at other opportunities, you need to understand that."

After years of waiting, Nintendo's finally got a new video game console on the way: the Nintendo Switch.

It's a hybrid console — you can play it at home, on your living room television, or you can take it on-the-go. Here's what we know about the console thus far:

• It's called Nintendo Switch.
• It's scheduled to launch in March 2017.
• Nintendo has a gaggle of games starring its most prominent creations in the works. 

There's of course much more to the Switch than that, but Nintendo isn't offering a lot of explicit details just yet. Thankfully, the Japanese game company released a trailer to debut Nintendo Switch that tells us a lot more. Here are the coolest things we discovered!

SEE ALSO: This is Nintendo's new video game console

DON'T MISS: These are all the games that were showcased during the Nintendo Switch unveiling

There's a lot going on in this image! Here's a breakdown:

Top, far left: This is the Nintendo Switch itself, in home console form. The tablet-like portable bit is dropped into the "Nintendo Switch Dock" like bread into a toaster. The dock connects to your TV, so you can play the same games on-the-go and at home. Nintendo says the Switch is a home console, "first and foremost."

Top, middle: As you see in the image here, a woman is playing an unannounced Super Mario game. She's holding a traditional gamepad, and playing the game on her television. With Nintendo Switch, the Japanese game company is making a push toward more traditional video game consoles. 

Top, far right: That said, you can take Nintendo Switch with you anywhere. The portable game console you see in this image is just the tablet-like bit seen in the first image, but removed from the Nintendo Switch Dock. It's also got controllers snapped onto each side, making it into a portable handheld game console.

Bottom, far left: No game discs here! The Nintendo Switch uses cartridges, similar to those used with Nintendo's 3DS handheld. It's likely that Nintendo Switch also has an online service for buying and downloading games digitally, but Nintendo hasn't announced as much yet. It's also not clear how much internal storage is in the Nintendo Switch handheld (or if there is any in the Nintendo Switch Dock). 

Bottom: middle: Nintendo envisions a future where you'll bring your Nintendo Switch with you, set it down on a table, and play multiplayer with friends. Given that the screen looks to be in the seven inch range, and that the controllers are incredibly small, we're betting this won't be a much-used feature. Still! It's pretty neat that you could set it up somewhere and challenge a friend to, say, a match in the latest Mario Kart.

Bottom, far right: These are the aforementioned small controllers. These snap onto the sides of the Switch screen, turning it into a portable console. They can also be used individually, or snapped onto a controller at home for a more traditional experience. Nintendo's calling them "Joy-Con"— like joystick and controller, all at once.

Here's a good look at the portable version of Nintendo Switch:

As you see above, the Joy-Con slide onto the sides of the screen, turning it into a portable handheld game console. Each controller has a thumbstick and four main buttons. They can be used with the screen, detached from the screen, or at home with the Nintendo Switch Dock. 

Here's a good look at the Nintendo Switch Dock and the "Joy-Con Grip" gamepad:

We're betting that what you see above is exactly what'll come in the box when Nintendo Switch arrives in March 2017: the Nintendo Switch Dock, the tablet-like console, and a home gamepad with the detachable Joy-Con in-tow. Notably, the controller is actually called the "Joy-Con Grip"— since you can detach each side of the Joy-Con bits and attach them to the Switch tablet, the Grip acts as a means of turning the Joy-Con into a more traditional gamepad.

Over the last few years, the smartphone has become more than a device we use to call people and send text messages.

But it's easy to get overwhelmed with the sheer number of apps — there are more than a million apps in Apple's App Store and Google's Play Store.

So I broke out the most useful apps I use every day. You should probably use them, too.

SEE ALSO: 10 business-etiquette rules you're probably breaking

DON'T MISS: The 27 jobs that are most damaging to your health

Spotify is my go-to music app.

I've been a Spotify subscriber for years. The service gives me access to nearly any song — well, except maybe songs from Taylor Swift — on demand and allows me to download music for offline listening.

My favorite Spotify feature is Discover Weekly, a customized playlist that's updated each week with music the streaming service thinks you'll enjoy.

Cost: Free (with ads and limitations) or $9.99 per month. Available on iOS and Android.

Mint is a great way to keep track of spending.

Mint aggregates all of your financials — your bank accounts, credit cards, investments, and more — and puts them in one convenient place. The service helps you create budgets, produces reports that show what you spend your money on, and keeps a history of your purchases, which allows you to keep track of what you've been buying.

Cost: Free. Available on iOS and Android.

I listen to WNYC every day.

WNYC's app gives you live streams of WNYC, the most listened-to public radio station in the US, so you can listen to "Morning Edition" and "All Things Considered" as they air in New York.

It also has a huge library of on-demand shows, like "Radiolab,""This American Life,""Fresh Air,""Marketplace,""The Moth," and more.

Best of all, the app has an offline listening mode that downloads programming for you based on your preferences, so you can listen without a cellular connection, like when you're on an airplane or subway.

Cost: Free. Available on iOS and Android.

On August 1, 2016, Brandon — the blogger behind the Mad Fientist, a financial independence blog — retired at 34.

My colleague Libby Kane talked to Brandon— who doesn't use his last name online for privacy reasons — about his journey to early retirement; he revealed that he saved and invested around 70% of his take-home income in order to reach his goal.

After hearing Brandon's story — and so manyotherslike it— I decided to try my hand at saving the majority of my earnings as well.

While I have no plans to retire early, I wanted to see firsthand how attainable that lifestyle is. After crunching the numbers with my editor for a solid half-hour, we concluded there was no way I could put away 70% of my total income for a month and still afford both rent and food, so I aimed to save 50% of my disposable income instead.

Because I live in New York City, my rent is higher than it would be in most places in the country. And since I wasn't going to move out of NYC just for a monthlong experiment, to make the project more realistic I decided to count disposable income as everything after rent. So after paying rent, I put half of what remained of my monthly paycheck in savings and lived off the other half for the entirety of September.

While I'm lucky to have more than enough to continue to live comfortably, it was immediately challenging to adapt to a much lower budget than I was used to. But it didn't prove impossible.

SEE ALSO: Here’s how I spent a weekend eating and sightseeing in New York City for less than $50

DON'T MISS: I moved to New York City 2 years ago — here’s what I tell my friends who say they can’t afford to

With 50% of my income in savings, my budget came down to around $550 for the month — after taking out some fixed costs.

After determining how much disposable income I'd have for the month — calculated by subtracting my rent from my monthly take-home income and then dividing by two — I immediately accounted for nonnegotiable expenses. This included $116 toward an unlimited monthly subway pass and $60 dues for a leadership class I'm enrolled in, as well as utilities and tithe.

I'm still on my parents' health insurance, and my gym membership and 401(k) are automatically deducted from my paycheck.

With my fixed costs taken out, I was left with around $550 for the month for everything else, including groceries, laundry, and entertainment.

WEEK 1: I went into the challenge expecting it to be unbelievably hard — especially in New York City.

I'm frugal by nature, but I still love to indulge in everything New York has to offer. While I monitor my spending, I'm quick to say yes to dinners out, ice cream dates, and spontaneous adventures.

I also knew going in that I needed to save up for a bachelorette party I was attending in Nashville at the end of the month. I considered pushing the challenge back a month, since I knew the party would be hard on my budget. But the thing is, there's always something. If it wasn't the bachelorette party this month, it would be attending two weddings in October, going out of town for Thanksgiving in November, or holiday shopping in December.

But once I mentally committed to the challenge — and didn't allow myself any leeway for failure — it became much easier to pare down my spending.

September 1 fell on a Friday, so I started the challenge by tackling weekend spending temptations head-on.

While it's relatively straightforward to curb my spending during the week — pack a lunch every day and hit the gym instead of the bar after work — weekends tend to be full of expensive activities, from late-night cab rides and mozzarella stick deliveries to $18 eggs at brunch the next morning.

I started Labor Day weekend off with breakfast with a friend at an oatmeal bar in the West Village. I was more than ready to fork over $5 for a bowl of hearty oats, but my friend graciously bought mine as a belated birthday gift — before I even had a chance to tell her about my new savings goal. Win!

Besides catching up over breakfast instead of dinner, a few more key decisions kept the three-day weekend under budget. For one, I stayed in town instead of heading out of NYC, as several of my friends did. Because of multiple other trips and weddings lined up for the fall, I opted in June to save money and stay home for Labor Day.

Ford has gone all-in with the redesign of its critically important Super Duty series of large pickup trucks. The Super Duty had been refreshed and updated the the past, but it hadn't been completely re-thought in two decades.

Ford makes a lot of money off these ginormous F-Series pickups, so a new Super Duty was a big risk. Customers from this type of truck, optimized for work and for towing, are among the most demanding in the auto industry.

The carmaker had already taken one huge risk with its legendary F-150 full-size pickup, switching to aluminum from steel in production. That worked out well, so Ford moved on to the Super Duty lineup, the F-250 and its larger stablemates.

While I had checked out the new F-150 and been pleased, I had never actually driven a Super Duty.

It was a big missing piece of my ongoing professional development. 

Plus, who doesn't like a big-ass pickup? So when For told me I could borrow a 2017 F-250 Super Duty Platinum 4x4 Crew Cab, with a mighty 6.7-liter Powerstroke turbo diesel engine, I said heck yes.

Here's what it was like to have this mountain of a pickup in my driveway for a few days:

Our borrowed Super Duty arrived in a "Magnetic" gray paint job.

This pickup tipped the scales at around 6,000 lbs. — three tons!

I think the tree was intimidated. I didn't even think to ask my Prius how it felt. It was acting like it wanted to go hide in the garage.

There are only 45 active NASA astronauts in the world today — and fewer than 300 former ones since the organization's inception in 1958.

But it's a highly sought-after job.

In 2016, a whopping 18,300 people applied for the 2017 astronaut class. Only eight to 14 people will be selected, making the acceptance rate less than .08%. (By comparison, Harvard — one of the most competitive universities in the world — accepted 5.9% of its applicants in 2014.)

To see what it's like to be part of this exclusive group, we sifted through hundreds of photos of NASA astronauts throughout the years. We also found images of people in other roles at NASA, like researchers and administrators.

Below are 27 incredible photos of NASA astronauts and employees dating back to 1959:

SEE ALSO: What it's really like to be a NASA astronaut

A researcher checks on Sam, a Rhesus monkey who rode on a Little Joe spacecraft and experienced three minutes of weightlessness in 1959. Test animals were often used during Project Mercury.

In 1961, Dean Sheibley and Barbara Johnson perform studies in NASA's now-defunct Plum Brook Reactor Facility's chemistry lab — the organization's first and last nuclear reactor.

Former US president Harry S. Truman stopped by NASA headquarters in Washington, D.C. on November 3, 1961. Former NASA administrator James E. Webb gave him a tour and a collection of rocket models for his presidential library.

Note: Spoilers are ahead for previously aired Westworld episodes, as is some potentially spoiler-y speculation for future episodes.

Something is wrong in "Westworld."

HBO's sci-fi western drama — a serialized reboot of Michael Crichton's 1973 thriller by the same name — depicts a fantastical robot-filled "theme park" of the future.

Westworld guests can interact with artificially intelligent "hosts"— gunslingers, brothel madams, a farmer’s daughter, Native Americans, and more — taking part in all the sex and violence that can be jammed into these characters’ storylines. And all of it teed up by the people who are essentially Westworld's game designers.

But as visitors ride, terrorize, shoot, and sleep with the park's robot hosts, the designers operating behind the scenes soon discover that something is off.

Along the way, Westworld’s story brushes up against all kinds of uneasy questions — mainly scientific and philosophical — about the complex intersection of technology and people.

While we can't say where the show is going, or whether it will ever answer any of these questions, here are some of the most interesting ones we’ve spotted so far.

Do we all live in a simulation?

Everyone in Westworld wakes up to go about their day — working, drinking, fighting, whatever it may be — without knowing that their entire existence is a simulation of a “real world” created by the park’s designers.

Physicists and philosophers say that in our world, we can’t prove we don’t live in some kind of computer simulation.

Some think that if that is the case, we might be able to "break out" by noticing any errors in the system, something the Westworld robots seem to be brushing up against.

Can we control artificial intelligence?

Each time the park wakes up (or the simulation restarts?), the hosts are supposed to go about their routines, playing their roles until some guest veers into the storyline. The guest might go off on an adventure with the host — or they might rape or kill them. In any case, when the story resets, the hosts' memories are wiped clean.

Supposedly.

For some reason, a few hosts seem to remember their disturbing past lives. This may be related to a “software update” created by park founder Dr. Robert Ford (played by Anthony Hopkins) or it may have something to do with his mysterious co-founder, Arnold.

Luckily, and for a variety of reasons, AI researchers today believe out-of-control AI is a myth and that we can control intelligent software. Then again, few computer and linguistic scientists thought machines could ever learn to listen and speak as well as people — and now they can on a limited level.

How far off are the intelligent machines of Westworld?

Behind the scenes at Westworld's headquarters, advanced industrial tools can 3D-print the bodies of hosts from a mysterious white goop. Perhaps it's made of nanobots, or some genetically engineered tissue, or maybe it's just plastic that's later controlled by as-yet-undisclosed advanced technology.

There's a lot of mystery here, and as we find out in one episode (when a host smashes his own head in with a rock), the "thinking" part of the machines is definitely located in the head. But what's it made of? And what powers these strange constructs? And how are the batteries recharged, if at all? Can (and how do) they feel pain and pleasure?

These automatons seem like an engineer's dream as well as her nightmare.

Nothing like this exists in the real world, but researchers and entrepreneurs are working hard to advance soft robots, ultra-dense power sources, miniaturized everyday components (some down to an atomic scale), and other bits and pieces that might ultimately comprise a convincing artificial human.

We may treat our pets like they're human, but that doesn't mean they get to eat "people food."

A recent study found Xylitol, a chemical commonly included in gum and sugar-free peanut butter, was deadlier than chocolate to dogs.

It made us wonder: what other common foods are dangerous for our pets?

We spoke with two vets, Dr. Richard Goldstein of New York's Animal Medical Center as well as Pamela Edwards of New York's Hope Veterinary Clinic, about what dogs should never eat.

Keep scrolling to see the list and the side effects.

Apple seeds and cores

The seeds and cores of apples can cause dilated pupils, bright red mucous membranes, difficulty breathing, shock, and even death for your canine pal.

They contain cyanide and are most potent when wilting or rotting, according to Dr. Pamela Edwards.

Coconut and coconut oil

Coconut products are the health trend du jour, but they're likely to cause an upset stomach and diarrhea if you give your dog a large amount of coconut oil, milk, water, or flesh. 

Avocado

Avocado contains persin, a toxin that can cause vomiting and diarrhea in dogs.

Surgeons and lawyers aren't the only professionals raking in six figure-paychecks. There are plenty of other high-paying jobs out there — and many don't require an advanced degree.

To give you a better idea of the variety of high-paying careers available to you, Glassdoor put together a list of 11 jobs that pay over $100,000 a year, along with advice on how to get hired for each one.

For many of these jobs, total pay is highly dependent on the base salary. But for other jobs, a big part of employees' total pay is earned through other forms of compensation (i.e. commissions, tips, and bonuses). To be considered for the list, a job must have received at least 60 salary reports shared by US-based employees over the past two years.

Here's how to land these 11 high-paying jobs:

SEE ALSO: 10 jobs that will make you happy and rich

Equity research associate

Total median pay: $100,000

Median base salary: $85,000

How to get hired, according to Glassdoor: Equity research associates report on financial trends using financial models and other analytical techniques. Their research and reports inform other financial analysts' efforts. So while the position incorporates much of the excitement and rewards of investment banking, it is different, as much of the workload involves generating information. To qualify for the position, candidates need a bachelor's degree in finance, economics, or a similar field.

Physician assistant

Total median pay: $100,392

Median base salary: $100,000

How to get hired, according to Glassdoor: A physician's assistant (PA) holds a master's degree and a license. PAs — who examine patients, order tests, and prescribe some medications, among other things — attend medical school rather than nursing school. 

Nurse practitioner

Total median pay: $101,600

Median base salary: $100,000

How to get hired, according to Glassdoor: Nurse practitioners (NP’s) have at least a master's degree in nursing. Individual states may require additional certifications. NPs are qualified to perform physical exams, treat common injuries and illness, and prescribe some medications. Some NP’s have their own private practices.

“Shark Tank” has changed the outlook for many small businesses over its eight years on the air. That makes its stars some of the most knowledgeable people on earth when it comes to what makes or breaks small businesses and why they’re so important to the American economy.

“Small businesses are near and dear to my heart, both from the show and my personal experience,” “Shark Tank” star Robert Herjavec recently told Business Insider.

In addition to his "Shark Tank" duties, Herjavec has spent about a year working with Deluxe Corporation on “The Small Business Revolution,” which picks an American town and helps to turn around its local economy though supporting small businesses.

“I think that in America today, that is security: starting a business, being an entrepreneur is security,” he said. “The idea of getting a job at a big company and retiring on a pension — that’s long gone.”

But that doesn't mean being an entrepreneur is easy. Business Insider asked Herjavec and his “Shark Tank” costars what they believe to be the biggest challenges small businesses grapple with on the path to success.

Here are five big mistakes small business owners make according to the "Shark Tank" stars:

SEE ALSO: 'Shark Tank' is losing a lot of viewers — here's how the stars think it can turn around

DON'T MISS: 'Shark Tank' investor Barbara Corcoran weighs in on fellow real estate mogul Donald Trump

Small business owners have a problem with thinking big.

"The biggest challenge for a small business in a small town is the same as a small business in a big town: thinking big, being able to compete with large-scale competitors, and at the same time staying relevant," Herjavec said.

In order to get there, Herjavec suggests entrepreneurs look for strategic partners.

"People start a small business to do dry cleaning or be a bake shop, or to take care of dogs, or whatever their passion was," he continued. "And you’ve got to find that help, because if you can’t have a brand on a small town, you can’t have a brand on a global scale."

Thinking big doesn't mean getting a big head.

"Once a small business is up and running and entrepreneurs have a mini-hit on their hands, the biggest challenge is keeping the entrepreneur’s head on their shoulders," Barbara Corcoran told Business Insider. "There’s something about instant fame and quick success where people get a big head and you have to squeeze it in. That’s the biggest problem with my entrepreneurs."

Small business owners mistake successful crowdfunding campaigns with success.

"Small business owners have seen people create large amounts of revenue from crowdfunding, but they don’t see a lot of the backstories," Daymond John told Business Insider.

"If you were fortunate enough to have a large amount of people crowdfund your product, were you able to deliver to them afterward and deliver on that promise? Because after you sell that first piece, you have a lot of business to do after that," he said. "You can make anybody buy once, but can you do two, three, seven times? They think they just need a million dollars, but that’s just the beginning of their problems."

Think there's no such thing as a high-paying, low-stress job? Think again.

With help from career-information expert Laurence Shatkin, Ph.D., we combed through the Occupational Information Network (O*NET), a US Department of Labor database that compiles detailed information on hundreds of jobs, and looked at salary data on the US Bureau of Labor Statistics website to find jobs with that perfect combination of high pay and low stress — and it turns out there are plenty.

O*NET rates the "stress tolerance" for each job on a scale from zero to 100, where a lower rating signals less stress. (Note: We are not saying these jobs are "stress free"– they just tend to rate lower than other professions.)

To rate each job, O*NET looks at how frequently workers must accept criticism and deal effectively with high stress at work.

Here are 26 jobs that pay more than $70,000 a year, on average, and earned a stress tolerance rating of 70 or lower, in order from highest to lowest stress score.

SEE ALSO: 10 ways successful people cope with stress

Audiologist

Stress tolerance: 70

Average annual salary: $77,420

What they do: Assess and treat people with hearing and related disorders. They may fit hearing aids and provide auditory training, and sometimes perform research related to hearing problems.

Education requirements: A doctoral degree and license.

Optometrist

Stress tolerance: 70

Average annual salary: $115,750

What they do: Perform eye exams to check for vision problems and diseases. They prescribe eyeglasses or contact lenses as needed.

Education requirements: Bachelor's, four-year doctor of optometry program, and a state license.

Art director

Stress tolerance: 69

Average annual salary: $101,990

What they do: Art directors are responsible for the visual style and images in magazines, newspapers, product packaging, and movie and television productions.

Education requirements: Bachelor's degree or previous work experience.

Warning: Spoilers ahead for "Westworld."

"Westworld" is starting to tease more of the mysterious maze, and Dr. Ford's new plan for an original narrative. While we have many questions still left unanswered, an important flashback (or vision? or triggered backstory?) Dolores had might offer clues. 

We took a closer look at this scene, and pieced together clues from earlier episodes to try and understand more. 

Let's dive in.

In the beginning of episode four, we see Bernard tell Dolores he wants her to find the maze.

This is significant, because it means Bernard knows about the same maze which the Man in Black is so intent on finding. Bernard implies to Dolores that getting to center of it will somehow allow her to be free. 

Later in the episode, Dolores goes to Las Mudas — the town Lawrence is from.

Las Mudas is where the Man in Black killed almost everyone in Lawrence's family during episode two. Then Lawrence's daughter gave the Man in Black the next clue for the maze: "Follow the blood arroyo to the place where the snake lays its eggs."

It's probably not coincidence that Dolores finds Lawrence's daughter in Las Mudas, too. When Dolores asks where the young girl is from, she replies: "Same as you. Don't you remember?"

The young girl taps her stick on the dirt, and Dolores looks down to see the maze pattern.

Lawrence's daughter was drawing the map of the maze in the dirt. She seems to be Dolores' guide to the maze, as well as the Man in Black's. 

The music annotation website once known as Rap Genius has expanded radically since three Yale alums launched it in 2009.

Today, the re-branded Genius.com hosts crowdsourced annotations of a wide variety of written materials, including song lyrics, news stories, Shakespeare plays, and even the internet itself. But the site's recent expansion into video and other media platforms has produced some of its most compelling content yet.

Far from its humble beginnings as a lyrics site, Genius now regularly attracts high-profile artists for guest annotations and new projects. The site's artist relations team, Rob Markman and Brian Hernandez, works to facilitate inventive multimedia features with some of the biggest names in music. That means a typical day of work might mean meeting with top artists like Lil Wayne and Christina Aguilera, hanging out at recording studios, and getting backstage access to concerts.

Business Insider shadowed Markman, Genius' head of artist relations and a veteran music journalist, as he and his team produced the first installment of their brand new "IRL" video series, featuring an epic interview with producer and rap mogul DJ Khaled.

Take a behind-the-scenes look at Markman's incredible job at Genius:

SEE ALSO: A day in the life of Robbie Myers, the high-powered editor of one of fashion's most important magazines

Markman joined the site in August 2015 from MTV News, where he was a senior hip-hop editor.

With an extensive list of industry contacts from a prominent career in music journalism, Markman now works with record labels and publicists to bring high-profile artists to Genius. His focus is to find innovative ways for artists to discuss their music and the stories behind it.

"What I try to do when I talk with labels and publicists and different reps about artists is to find the one really good idea," he said. "What's the really good conversation that we can have that will be impactful. I always look at it like a Rubik's Cube. With every artist there's that really good idea, and it's trying to unlock it and find it."

At the offices of Genius in the Gowanus neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York, nearly 60 employees keep the website and its many projects running.

Warning: Spoilers ahead for "Westworld."

The INSIDER Summary:

• HBO has created a clever "Westworld" marketing site.
• The site is filled with new information about the park and Easter eggs.
• Thanks to fans online and our own digging, we rounded up the best of them.

The mind-bending new series "Westworld" seems to bring up new questions with every episode, exploring the
synthetic Western theme park as well as the mysterious company running it, Delos. 

Perhaps in an effort to provide some answers — along with even more mysteries — HBO and the "Westworld" team have crafted a market website titled "Discover Westworld." We scoured the site and found the most significant pieces of information any "Westworld" fan should know.

Scroll down for a look at the coolest parts of "Discover Westworld."

This is what the homepage of "Discover Westworld" looks like.

The three main sections you should explore are as follows:

• The "ACCESS" text box in the top right lets you type in codes which lead to Easter eggs. 
• You can enter your email in the center box, and begin to receive "park updates." Each of these emails will also contain more information and Easter eggs.
• Finally you can chat with "Aeden," a chatbot designed to proved information and (you guessed it) more Easter eggs for fans.

While exploring, pressing the "shift" key will trigger a terrifying glitch.

RAW Embed

Be careful as you explore — holding down the shift key while you are on the "Discover Westworld" site will start a glitch loop. The voice of Peter Abernathy — Dolores' father from the pilot — says: "You should go. Leave. Can't you see? Hell is empty, and all the devils are here."

Creepy, right? The site is telling fans that all is not well in Westworld.

The Aeden chatbot has a lot of coded answers.

When you ask about Arnold — the original co-founder of the park who died years ago after an "accident"— the bot seems to reveal more than it should. 

"Not much is known about Arnold, but a closely-guarded rumor is that he partnered with Dr. Ford years ago in the early days of the park," Aeden replies. "He and we hosts had a special connection ... Why don't we talk about somethi—"

Then the message is cut off and an error sequence comes up. The phrase "Hell is empty" is hidden among the text. 

The emphasis on a special connection between Arnold and the hosts may have something to do with the narrative happening in the show. Is Arnold somehow responsible for the robots who are beginning to gain consciousness?