• Manners have changed throughout history.
• The Greeks, for example, dined while reclining on beds. Before the Renaissance, tablecloths were used as napkins.
• Today, we have done away with many old-fashioned manners — and in most cases, we're better for it.

You want to come across like a decent, civilized person, right?

Good manners are key.

That being said, it's a fairly common complaint that society has completely lost its grasp on basic manners.

It's a somewhat misguided idea, though. Manners aren't static concepts. Etiquette varies across cultures and sometimes fades away with time.

For example, today, you'd be upset if your friend cleaned their hands on your nice, new tablecloth. But that sort of behavior was perfectly acceptable centuries ago.

Remember that next time you hear someone starting to complain about how people used to have better manners.

Here are some strange old customs that have fallen by the wayside:

SEE ALSO: 8 old-fashioned manners you can comfortably leave behind

DON'T MISS: 7 rules of medieval knighthood that will change the way you look at chivalry

1. Passing out to express your emotions

There's a reason Victorian heroines always seem to be swooning in stories.

It's easy to blame their clothing. Corsets in particular have a terrible reputation as a restrictive, harmful garment, but most women throughout the centuries didn't lace them tightly enough to cause health problems.

In an article published in the Journal of Victorian Culture, Victoria Bates focuses on how fainting often came into play with female witnesses in trials in the 1800s. Feigning unconsciousness may have been a way for women to conform to Victorian norms and assumptions about gender, modesty, and health.

"A simple loss of consciousness was the blank canvas onto which witnesses projected their own concerns about appropriate female behavior and particularly emotionality," Bates writes.

2. Wiping your hands on the dinner table — and rolling your eyes at forks

Today, if you tossed aside your fork and smeared your greasy hands on the table cloth at a restaurant, people would think you'd been raised by wolves.

But before the Renaissance, that was actually the norm. National Geographic reported medieval era table cloths were there for people to wipe their hands on. There were limits, however. Spitting and sneezing on the cloth was considered rude, although expectorating away from the table was just fine.

Meanwhile, according to National Geographic, forks were considered effeminate and suspicious utensils.

Things didn't change until the 1500s, when table manners became a mark of the European elite.

3. Dueling to sort out conflicts

Back in the days before Twitter beefs and harsh emails, people — mostly men — sometimes settled tiffs with pistols, canes, and swords.

Into the 1800s, dueling was considered the honorable way for gentlemen to save face and satisfy their besmirched honor. In fact, the activity came with its own complicated etiquette rules.

Take a "code duello" from 18th century Ireland, as printed in "Famous American Duels" by Don Seitz, for instance.

The guide dictates that if the person who started the fight apologized first, the fighting could be averted. Otherwise, the combatants would take up their weapons and follow a whole complex choreography of trying to kill, injure, or scare one another over a spat.

The code highlights several potential reasons for duels, including everything from insulting ladies to insinuating someone cheated at cards.

Everything around us is becoming connected. As a result, we are seeing shifts in investments and returns. There is already a great demand for network expansion, cyber security and insurance. And generally, the prices of hardware will fall as IoT becomes less of a novelty.

All of this opens up a huge opportunity for everyone to make and save a lot of money. We will invest $6 trillion in IoT between 2015 and 2020, which will yield $12.6 trillion ROI over the next decade. Enterprise will make up the majority of the investment dollars, followed by government and consumer.

BI Intelligence has created a slide deck exploring the most disruptive trends in IoT. To get a more detailed view of the progression, landscape and projections of the Internet of Everything, access the complete slide deck by clicking here.

Some of the topics covered include:

• The market drivers for the IoT.
• Forecasts for the IoT market.
• A breakdown of how many industries are utilizing IoT devices.
• A look at how governments are using the IoT to revolutionize their cities and defense.
• An examination of the smart home and connected car market.
• And much more.

Below are 8 sample slides from the 60-page deck. Want the full deck? Access it here for FREE >>

Want the full 60-page slide deck?  Access it Here - FREE >>

Want the full 60-page slide deck?  Access it Here - FREE >>

Want the full 60-page slide deck?  Access it Here - FREE >>

Our daily fantasy value picks last week came back with a mixed bag of results.

While our bets on the Raiders offense coming back to life appear to have been one week too early, we did have Adrian Peterson in his breakout debut with the Cardinals in our lineup, as well as Jermaine Kearse who would end up as the Jets' leading receiver against the Patriots.

This week, as always, we're back at it, trying to identify the best, affordable players for your DraftKings lineup. Everyone wants to load their teams with studs sure to light up the box score, but it's finding the undervalued players that allows you to max out your budget on the likes of Drew Brees and Antonio Brown this week.

Below we've picked some of our best value plays for daily fantasy this week. Consider them when trying to find a few extra dollars to upgrade elsewhere in your lineup.

QB: Tyrod Taylor, $5,100

Carson Palmer threw for 283 yards and three touchdowns against the Buccaneers last week. Tyrod Taylor is a much more versatile offensive weapon than Palmer is, and can hurt the Buccos on the ground and in the air. If the Bills can get their offense going in this one and control the pace of play a bit, Taylor could be set up for a good day.

RB: Adrian Peterson, $5,800

I gave out Adrian Peterson as a pick in his debut last week and he put on a performance that fantasy owners will remember for some time. This week, he's facing a Rams run defense that has not been as disruptive as advertised — one of the five worst defenses against the rush in the league — so I expect the Cardinals will continue to feed Peterson and get production. 

RB: Chris Ivory, $4,800

Leonard Fournette did not practice for the Jaguars on Friday and is questionable for Sunday's game against the Colts. Should he sit out, Ivory immediately becomes a valuable play at just $4,800.

Just under 54 years ago, two years into his presidency, President John F. Kennedy was assassinated on a visit to Dallas, Texas.

An investigation by the Warren Commission determined a former US Marine named Lee Harvey Oswald shot Kennedy from a nearby book depository, but the murky facts of the case have led to a number of alternate theories.

They include a CIA conspiracy, a mafia hit job, a covert operation by Lyndon B. Johnson, and more.

In anticipation of the National Archives releasing 3,100 documents related to the assassination on October 26, here are the top theories that have swirled ever since.

SEE ALSO: Trump says he'll allow the release of more than 3,000 classified JFK files — here's what you need to know

The CIA theory

People who believe the CIA was behind Kennedy's assassination speculate the agency strongly opposed a number of the president's stances on Cuba and Communism.

The theory posits that Kennedy's refusal to offer air support for the failed Bay of Pigs invasion, a CIA-sponsored mission to overthrow Fidel Castro, triggered the CIA to eliminate Kennedy from the picture altogether.

Theorists tend to believe the CIA set Oswald up as its scapegoat.

The Mafia theory

A related theory suggests the CIA worked with the Mafia to have Kennedy killed. At the time, the two organizations had a shared interest in overthrowing Castro, as the Mafia held a number of investments in Cuban casinos at-risk of being shut down.

Government documents show the CIA did work with the Mafia to take down Castro; some conspiracy theorists claim the two also worked together, along with anti-Castro Cubans, to assassinate Kennedy.

The Cuban exile theory

Some believe the effort was far less sophisticated than a federal conspiracy, but carried out by a group of rogue Cuban exiles who saw the failed Bay of Pigs invasion as sufficient evidence that Kennedy was unfit as president.

Between 1959, when the Cuban Revolution brought Castro to power, and Kennedy's assassination in 1963, his popularity among exiles had eroded considerably. In October of 1963, anti-Castro Cubans met with right-wing Americans to discuss frustrations with Kennedy.

Theorists speculate the meeting may have been a tipping point for the assassination a month later.

There is a new highest-paid player in the NBA this season.

For several seasons, Stephen Curry was the biggest bargain in the NBA thanks to a contract he signed when there were still doubts about the long-term health of his ankles. But this season he has finally cashed in big time and replaced LeBron James as the highest-paid player in the NBA.

In all, 27 players in the NBA will make at least $23.0 million, led by Curry.

Below we take a look at this season's highest-paid players and how their contracts break down, with data provided by Spotrac.

27. J.J. Redick — $23.0 million

Team: Philadelphia 76ers

Position: Shooting Guard

Contract: 1 year, $23.0 million

One thing to know: Redick is entering his 12th NBA season and in his first 11 seasons, he never made more than $7.4 million in any one season. This season he will make more than the next two highest-paid players on the 76ers combined, Amir Johnson and Jerryd Bayless, who will make $20.0 million combined.

t25. Harrison Barnes — $23.1 million

Team: Dallas Mavericks

Position: Small Forward

Contract: 4 years, $94.4 million

One thing to know: Barnes was signed by the Mavericks to a max contract as a restricted free agent, but it might not have happened if Kevin Durant had not signed with the Warriors. According to a report, the Warriors planned to match any offer unless they won the Durant sweepstakes. In the end, the Dubs got Durant and let Barnes walk. 

t25. Chandler Parsons — $23.1 million

Team: Memphis Grizzlies

Position: Small Forward

Contract: 4 years, $94.4 million

One thing to know: Health is the biggest concern with Parsons. He has played in just 161 games out of a possible 246 games the last three seasons.

Yankees rookie phenom Aaron Judge has been one of the most compelling stories in baseball this season as no rookie in MLB history has ever hit more home runs.

Standing 6-foot-7 and weighing 282 pounds, Judge is already the largest position player to ever take the field and he cemented his status as a household name when he won the All-Star Game Home Run Derby in convincing fashion.

Despite his current high profile, Judge didn’t come into the league as highly touted as many other recent young breakout stars have.

Below, we'll take you through Judge's meteoric rise as one of the most must-watch players in Major League Baseball.

SEE ALSO: 15 pictures of Aaron Judge making other players look tiny

Aaron Judge was born on April 26, 1992 in Linden, California.

The day after his birth, Aaron was adopted by his parents — two teachers, Patty and Wayne Judge. Aaron credits his mother with much of his success, and claims he wouldn't be a Yankee without her. "She's molded me into the person that I am today."

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[Source: MLB.com]

Growing up, Judge attended Linden High School, where he was a three-sport athlete playing football, basketball, and baseball.

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LONDON — What motivates someone to run tens of thousands of meters for almost 24 hours to complete?

"That's a good question," Fabian de Prey, 42, said.

De Prey is the head of global equity-linked products in EMEA for investment bank RBC Capital Markets. But in his spare time, he runs ultramarathons — any race above 42.2 km, the standard length of a marathon.

Business Insider spoke to de Prey to discuss how he finds the time, why he does it, and his tips for any aspiring ultramarathon runners.

de Prey recently completed the 85km L’Échappée Belle ultramarathon over the French Alps, raising over £2,500 for Great Ormond Street Hospital in the process.

The gruelling race, known for its complex ascents and descents in the mountains, took him 23 hours and 26 minutes to complete.

"Why [did I do it]? I don't know," de Prey said. "It keeps me focused, I guess, having a target. It's not about the race itself, it really is about the journey to get ready on the day itself both physically and mentally."

"The one I did, on my watch I had 7,000 meters of ascent and 8,000 meters of descent. You can only imagine what toll that takes on your knees."

Ultramarathons are competitive races of any length above a marathon and de Prey caught the bug for ultras around six years ago when a friend convinced him to take part in a 100km trail walk in Hong Kong, where he was living at the time.

"When you're out there for 23 hours — it's like a meditation. You're pushing your body to the limit, you get to understand your body, in the sense that you could be absolutely knackered and get cramps everywhere, and think about just giving up. Then you just sit down for five minutes, drink a bit, have a gel, start slowly again, and then you surprise yourself — one hour later, you're running, against the odds."

De Prey has done "five or six" ultramarathons since he started, raising an estimated £20,000 for various charities.

It can be tough finding the time to train given his demanding job.

"I never really have long, long sessions," he says. "Going out for a 30km run just for training — that never happens."

"I try to go to the gym every day if I can or run in Hyde Park with my partner on weekends, say 15km. In the gym, I workout on step trainers. I've done it over lunchtime today for 40 minutes."

RBC is supportive. The bank is a large charitable donor and sponsors the Race for the Kids in London, a 5km run that supports Great Ormond Street Hospital. The bank has sponsored the race for eight years and helped raise £2.5 million for the hospital.

• Dating app Happn allows users to see who they've crossed paths with in real life.
• 1.7 million people use Happn in the UK.
• The 15 most popular people on Happn are largely from London — but Newcastle and Ascot also feature.

Whether you're living in a big city or a small town, when you're single it can seem impossible to meet someone new.

However, there are certain people who seem to have dating down to a fine art.

Dating app Happn, which launched in the UK in May 2014, allows people to see who they have crossed paths with in real life.

If two people on the platform — which has 37 million users in 50 cities — "like" each other by tapping a heart on the other user's profile, then they can start messaging.

1.7 million people use Happn in the UK, so they certainly know the ins and outs of dating throughout the country.

Back in April, Business Insider teamed up with Happn to find out who the most "liked" users in the London were at the time — and to ask them what they owe their dating success to.

Now, we've done it again for the whole country. Unsurprisingly given the capital's population, most of the people on the list also live in London — but Newcastle and Ascot also made the cut.

Out of over 1.7 million single candidates, these are the 15 men and women who came out on top, ranked in ascending order of popularity.

15. Jennifer Lottes, 37.

Job: Freelance circus artist.

Hometown: York, Nebraska, USA.

Current location: London.

Strangest date location: A cemetery.

Dream holiday:"I see a cabin in the Alps during the winter. Just lounging and relaxing by the fire. Making a long morning, sipping coffee and enjoying the scenery. Staying cosy bundled up. Maybe snowshoeing in the afternoons."

Dream dinner guest:"It's so hard to say just one! Ricky Gervais, Christopher Walken, Chelsea Handler. I think I could give them all crap and we would have fun together."

Surprising facts:"That I'm a circus artist."

Book of the moment:"The Book of Secrets" by Deepak Chopra.

Favourite food:"Indian is my current favourite. Really anything with great rich flavours.
Sauces and gravies. I love food and eat a lot of it!"

14. Piotr Bartosiewicz, 32.

Job: Graphic Designer.

Hometown: Szczuczyn, Poland.

Current location: London.

Book of the moment:"The Selfish Gene" by Richard Dawkins.

Favourite food: Mediterranean.

13. Ian Powell, 28.

Job: Account Director.

Hometown: Ascot, Berkshire.

Current location: Ascot.

Dream dinner guest:"Probably David Attenborough. Margot Robbie at a very close second!"

Dream vacation:"I really want to do the Virgin Galactic space flight when it opens up to the
public."

• Red meat can indicate a want for iron.
• Cheese cravings may indicate that you're not getting enough omega-3 fatty acids — but oily fish would be a better go-to.

We ought to know better, but there's nothing like a good Google search to convince you that you're about to kick the bucket at—oh, wait—three, two, one, dead.

For instance, when all I wanted was an explanation for a weeks-long onion-ring craving (ongoing), I emerged fearing that I might suffer from liver dysfunction.

What's real? What's fake news? Here, we've enlisted Alissa Rumsey MS, RD, and creator of the free guide Three Steps to a Healthier You, to set the record straight.

Red meat

Starting to see how that Rosemary's Baby scene with the raw liver could be a perfectly normal occurrence and not a sign of demonic possession? Although Rumsey cautions that cravings, for the most part, are not evidence of a deficiency —"if that was the case, we'd all be craving fruits and vegetables!"— red meat can indicate a want for iron, an issue especially for women with heavy periods.

Chips

Always. "Salt cravings can occur if you're falling short on minerals, specifically calcium, magnesium, and zinc," Rumsey says. But at the same time, a hankering for potatoes bathed in boiling oil, twice, as the best ones are, could mean that you consume too much sodium. Rumsey says you can retrain your taste buds to crave salt by reducing the amount of sodium you eat.

Cheese

"Now would be a good time to say 'when,'" says the waiter, as he finishes grinding the whole chunk of Parm onto your cacio e pepe. But you don't stop, because your raging cheese craving won't say "when" until you get the entire wheel, damn it. This may indicate that you're not eating enough fat (yay)—as in omega-3 fatty acids (less enthusiastic yay). Rumsey says the best sources are fatty fish like salmon, flaxseeds, and walnuts.

This list was originally published in 2015, and we’ve updated it to include newer releases.

It’s a big week for disaster movies, what with both Geostorm and Only the Brave opening wide in theaters across the U.S. And you could say that the two films reflect the wide spectrum of titles that are usually grouped under the term “disaster movie.” 

Only the Brave is based on a true story, and emphasizes the humanity of the men tasked with fighting raging wildfires; the flames themselves are terrifying and spectacular, but they’re only part of the story. Geostorm, on the other hand … well, the studio hasn’t let critics see it yet, but it looks like gloriously trashy and ridiculous fun. The kind that returns us to a borderline prelinguistic state where all we can do is mutter: “Big … storm … break … make … explode … good.”

The disaster movie is one of cinema’s oldest genres: There were films about Pompeii and burning buildings in the very early days of movies. (One of the very first narrative short films was Edwin Porter’s Life of an American Fireman, from 1903.) Maybe that’s because film is the one art form that can do proper justice to this sort of spectacle: You can’t re-create it onstage, and who wants to read about a disaster when they can see it?

So here’s a look back on our favorite disaster movies over the years. To do so, however, we had to set some ground rules: We excluded movies that were also creature features or alien-invasion movies. (For example, no Independence Day, or Godzilla, or King Kong.) We also excluded superhero movies (so, no Superman or The Dark Knight Rises) or tales of the supernatural. And we also felt that the scale of the disaster had to be evident in the film (so no Dr. Strangelove or Fail Safe, although both are excellent examples of the Nuclear Armageddon genre). We also skipped films that were mostly about the aftermath of a disaster, instead of the disaster itself. (So, no The Grey or Cast Away.) That may sound like a lot of caveats, but the list is still pretty thorough and wide-ranging.

Here are the 25 greatest disaster films of all time:

SEE ALSO: Netflix's 28 original drama films, ranked from worst to best

25. "2012" (2009)

Roland Emmerich became Hollywood’s king of disaster in the 1990s — mainly by cross-breeding the genre with alien and monster pictures, like Independence Day and Godzilla. This star-studded 2009 epic, however, may have been his purest throwback to the 1970s. In it, solar flares from the sun heat up the Earth’s core, and a series of unfortunate meteorological and seismic events ensue. Nobody anywhere on the planet is safe, and the scale of the destruction and hopelessness is so awe-inspiring that you’ll overlook the sheer idiocy of the film’s plot and character interactions. That said, Chiwetel Ejiofor (as the scientist who discovers what’s happening and warns the appropriate powers) and Woody Harrelson (as a conspiracy theorist wing-nut radio host) are standouts in the cast of thousands.

24 and 23. "Deep Impact" / "Armageddon" (1998)

I have to make an admission: I really don’t like Deep Impact at all, and I genuinely like Armageddon. (Most viewers these days might reverse that statement.) But I still find it hard not to think of these two asteroid-headed-for-the-Earth films, which opened within a few weeks of each other in 1998, as partners in crime on some level. Armageddon’s appeal at the time had something to do with Deep Impact: Where Mimi Leder’s film was a sensitive, emotional attempt to look at the tragedy of a giant asteroid strike, Michael Bay’s was a macho indulgence in action-movie theatrics.

One film focused on the doomed people back here on Earth; the other focused on the space cowboys trying to blow the big space rock up real good. If you thought Deep Impact was pompous and overbaked sentimentality (as I did), Armageddon felt like a bracing, but no less overbaked, rebuke to that; and if you thought Armageddon was a dumb, jacked testosterone flick that couldn’t even keep its own characters straight, then chances are Deep Impact felt like an intelligent corrective. These two are the yin and yang of giant-asteroid movies.

22. "Earthquake" (1974)

Charlton Heston is the engineer who finds himself rushing through a collapsing Los Angeles to save his mistress (Geneviève Bujold) and her son. Like many disaster movies, this is a turgid soap opera that’s blown apart by chaos. But oh, what glorious chaos! The effects are a bit dated, but director Mark Robson put the city through such a wringer that the breadth of the destruction is breathtaking. Even when it’s clear that what we’re watching are models — and, during one particularly deranged moment, a hand-animated spurt of blood that comes straight at the camera.

Nintendo's new console is off to a strong start: The Switch is already Nintendo's fastest-selling game console.

Like so many things, its success comes as a surprise to experts in the field — the $299 console isn't very competitive on paper, and it wasn't a guaranteed success in concept:

• It's underpowered compared with the Xbox One and PlayStation 4, both of which cost less.
• It has a paltry game library compared with the competition.
• Because of its lack of horsepower, major games released on multiple platforms — think "Assassin's Creed,""Call of Duty,""Grand Theft Auto," etc. — won't ever come to the Switch.

But using the Switch is a surprising delight, and 2017 has been a year full of huge hits for the console. And now, on the verge of a brand new Mario game launch, it's a better time than ever to buy the Switch. Here's why:

SEE ALSO: 16 reasons why now is the perfect time to buy a PlayStation 4

DON'T MISS: 16 reasons why now is the perfect time to buy an Xbox One

1. The Nintendo Switch is remarkably fast, which is more important than you'd think.

Using the Switch feels blessedly modern.

Unlike the often sludgy experience on the Xbox One and PlayStation 4, powering up and using the Switch is quick and easy. At any moment in a game, you can push the console's home button and immediately exit to the dashboard. This concept also exists on the Xbox One and PlayStation 4, but it's far quicker and more seamless on the Switch.

Frankly speaking, it doesn't feel like a technological downgrade from the smartphone in my pocket. Even the user interface is clean and efficient — no digging through sub-menus to turn off WiFi or see how much storage I'm using. It's this kind of "quality of life" stuff that makes using the Switch intuitive and accessible to pretty much any user.

2. Sleep Mode turns the Switch into a game console that's quickly accessible.

A major reason people are inclined to play games on their phones is ease of use. A phone is already in your pocket and takes just a second to wake up, which lets you get in and out of apps and games quickly. The Switch takes this concept to heart with Sleep Mode, which enables the console to operate like, say, a laptop or a tablet.

Rather than turning the console all the way off, you can enter Sleep Mode: a low-power mode that enables the console to be quickly accessed later, comparable to reopening a laptop screen. No restarting the game — you're back exactly where you left off.

Though there are comparable functions on the Xbox One and PlayStation 4, the Switch pulls it off much more cleanly — a nod to the portability of the console.

3. Jumping into games, in general, is surprisingly fast.

I take a ton of screenshots on the Switch, and getting them off the Switch requires removing the microSD card I put in the console. And every time I remove the microSD card, I have to power the Switch all the way down. Bummer!

Thankfully, restarting the Switch — even a "cold boot," as it's known — is remarkably quick. I just tested: It takes roughly 10 seconds from all the way off to the main menu. I'd bet any amount of money that it's faster than the Xbox One and PlayStation 4.

This quickness is due partially to the design of the hardware itself and partially to the medium used for games: cartridges. In both instances, Nintendo smartly prioritized the consumer experience — and it makes a difference in daily use.

While there are hundreds of restaurant recommendation apps on the market, nothing beats getting a suggestion directly from a friend. 

That's what restaurant app Truffle is betting on, anyway. 

Truffle — which is available for iPhone only right now — lets you curate lists of your favorite spots and easily share them with friends. It's available as an iMessage app too, which means you can send recommendations directly within conversations. 

Here's how it works:

SEE ALSO: Facebook just bought tbh, an app teens are obsessed with that's at the top of the App Store — here's how it works

The goal of Truffle is to eliminate the need for keeping restaurant lists in your Notes app or a starred map in Google Maps — Truffle wants to easily curate all your recommendations in one place to more easily share with friends. To get started with the app, you'll have to give it access to your location and contacts.

Once you've signed up, Truffle will present you with a list of "tastemakers" to follow. I didn't know any of these people personally, but you can also search for friends to follow.

With Truffle, you can select your favorite restaurants in categories like barbecue, breakfast, places to take clients to, cocktails, etc. You can search for restaurants you like, or Truffle will give you some options. When you select a restaurant to add as your favorite for a category, you'll also have the option to write a comment about why you like it. Your top picks will show up in a feed as well as on your profile page.

One of the hardest things to figure out is when to ask for a raise. While it never hurts to have some data on the national averages for particular job titles, there are are a lot of individual factors that go into a person's particular salary.

Job-hunting site Glassdoor has tried to do help people with that with a tool it calls "Know Your Worth." It sifts through its database of millions of self-reported salaries from hundreds of thousands of companies and calculates things like job titles, years of experience, and cities to come up with a suggested salary for you. 

Glassdoor recently took this analysis to the next step and looked at demand and salary trends for particular jobs. As demand goes up, it gets harder to hire people and salaries go up. Glassdoor calls the statistic that factors in demand and salary trends "market value."

It then looked to see which jobs titles had the most people who were not getting in on the higher wages.

In other words, it came up with this list of tech jobs where you could be selling yourself short if you don't negotiate for a raise. And the surprise of this list: Some of them are actually already high-paying jobs.

SEE ALSO: People told the MongoDB founders they were 'completely crazy' and now the company is worth $1.6 billion

11: Data analysts could be earning $9,289 more today

The current median base salary for this job title is $60,000. 

But the current market value is $69,289.

If you earn market value or more, congratulations.

If you earn the median base salary, your potential salary growth is 13.4%, or $9,289.

10: Product managers could be earning $16,874 more today

The current median base salary for this job title is $108,000.

But the current market value is $124,874.

If you earn market value or more, congratulations.

If you earn the median base salary, your potential salary growth is 13.5%, or $16,874.

No. 9: Network engineers could be earning $12,508 more today

The current median base salary for this job title is $80,000.

But the current market value is $92,508.

If you earn market value or more, congratulations.

If you earn the median base salary, your potential salary growth is 13.5%, or $12,508.

Tom Brady, 40, is the greatest quarterback in football history, according to the NFL, sports bloggers, and this New England-bred sports fan. The five-time Super Bowl champ didn't reach peak condition at an age when most players have already retired by eating chips and dip.

Brady owes his longevity to an intense diet and workout plan, which the GOAT ("greatest of all time") touts in his new book "The TB12 Method." Vegetables make up 80% of what he and his supermodel-wife Gisele Bündchen eat, along with whole grains, nuts, and lean meats.

In 2016, Purple Carrot, a meal-kit delivery service that serves 100% plant-based foods for a vegan diet, partnered with Brady to bring meals based on the way he eats to customers. Using the guidelines laid out in his book, TB12 Performance Meals deliver aim to "help athletes and active individuals stay at their peak"— just like the GOAT. (Though Brady is not a vegan.)

For $78 a week, subscribers receive three meals with two servings of each. 

I recently tried the TB12 Performance Meals for two weeks. Here's what it was like.

SEE ALSO: We tried the clothes Tom Brady uses to help him sleep better and recover faster after games — and they work surprisingly well

SEE ALSO: We tried the alcohol diet Tom Brady put Rob Gronkowski on, and it was a lot harder than we imagined

My first delivery from Purple Carrot and TB12 came with its own locker-room pep talk plastered on the side of the box.

"What we get out of our bodies is a direct result of what we put in. Food is your fuel, and we believe that food can help you achieve and sustain your peak performance," the box read.

When I opened it up, I found this "hand-written" note from the Super Bowl champ himself.

I was feeling jazzed. I'm a carnivore, but I've been wanting to cut down on my meat consumption for animal welfare-related reasons. This seemed like the perfect opportunity.

While Brady eats lean red meat and chicken in limited quantities, Purple Carrot offers only vegetarian and vegan meals. Andy Levitt, CEO and founder of Purple Carrot, hopes that the partnership with the football player turns more everyday consumers on to plant-based diets.

"Tom has shown the world what is possible by being a part-time plant-based eater," Levitt said.

I was about to find out.

We love famous last words.

There's a reason there are so many books listing memorable deathbed sayings throughout history out there. Perhaps we'd just rather believe well-known figures tend to die saying something clever and profound. It makes death itself a little less scary.

But, for that reason, final words can be quite tricky. As with any quotes on the internet — and historical quotes, in general — it's hard to sort out what's true and what's phony or exaggerated.

Here are several poignant, strange, or otherwise memorable last words from throughout history:

SEE ALSO: 18 people who accomplished incredible things at a shockingly young age

Historians believe the 21-year-old school teacher-turned-spy was paraphrasing a line from the popular 18th century play "Cato" as he stood on the scaffold, according to the book "Cato's Tears and the Making of Anglo-American Emotion." The British hung Hale after he was captured during a failed 1776 espionage mission in Long Island.

The Roman statesman met his fate in 43 BCE, after Mark Anthony put a hit out on him during the power struggle following Julius Caesar's death.

Cicero attempted to flee, but accepted his death when confronted by his assassins. He even stuck his head out of his litter in order to make it easier for the killers to strike, according to "Forgotten Justice."

According to the 2016 biography "Marie-Antoinette," the deposed French queen apologized to her executioner on the scaffold in 1793. She had accidentally stepped on his foot on her way to the guillotine.

Using a loose formula based on two different advanced statistics, we ranked all 32 NFL starting quarterbacks.

Our formula is rooted in Football Outsiders' DYAR metric and ESPN's total QBR metric. We also took a look at other factors, including recent performance, game management, and job security.

While various tiers have begun to solidify, this week's installment of the rankings looks notably different from the previous one, especially at the top. Aaron Rodgers' broken collarbone may have robbed the NFL of one of its marquee players, but with young guns like Deshaun Watson and Carson Wentz enjoying breakout seasons, there's still plenty of thrilling quarterback play to take in.

Below, check out where all 32 starters stand heading into Week 7.

32. Brett Hundley, Green Bay Packers

Ranking after Week 4: N/A (replacing Aaron Rodgers, No. 3)

Record as starter: N/A (first career start)

DYAR rank: N/A

QBR rank: N/A

One thing to know: Hundley didn't perform as poorly as he could have last Sunday, but he still threw three interceptions in a 23-10 loss to a division rival. Packers fans will be anxiously awaiting the return of Aaron Rodgers, but there's no guarantee that day will come before the end of the season.

31. DeShone Kizer, Cleveland Browns

Ranking after Week 4: 31

Record as starter: 0-5

DYAR rank: 32

QBR rank: 32

One thing to know: Kizer rode the bench during Week 6, but he'll get another crack at the starting job against the Tennessee Titans this Sunday. The Notre Dame product still leads the league with nine interceptions, so head coach Hue Jackson will hope that the week off reenergized his rookie signal caller.

30. C.J. Beathard, San Francisco 49ers

Ranking after Week 4: N/A (replacing Brian Hoyer, No. 29)

Record as starter: N/A (first career start)

DYAR rank: N/A

QBR rank: N/A

One thing to know: Sunday's game could be rough sailing for this Iowa product, but at least he has football in his blood. Beathard's grandfather, Bobby Beathard, served as general manager of the Redskins and Chargers for over 20 years, winning a pair of Super Bowls along the way.

I've lived — and eaten — in Brooklyn for the past five years. Five years in one borough has been just enough time to pinpoint my go-tos and, unfortunately, see some of my favoriterestaurants shutter. By this point, I've had plenty of time to return, try new menu items, and see if they continually impress.

Ahead are the restaurants that I've gone to on multiple occasions — for after-work drinks, birthday dinners, and brunches — and they've never let me down. While all of my favorites are located in northern Brooklyn, it's no disrespect for the rest of the borough, which I'm now beginning to explore as part of phase two in my Brooklyn explorations.

My top picks are all also within a relatively low price range — the highest is a pizza for $25. I suggest you split that with good friends.

SEE ALSO: A little-known Brooklyn neighborhood was named one of the world's coolest places — here's what it's like

Best burger: Blue Collar in Williamsburg

It's at Blue Collar where I first fell in love with peanut butter milkshakes. One of those, along with a cheeseburger, make for a perfect late-night snack after going out in Williamsburg. You won't find any frills at this place — it's just a simple burger and hot dog joint. Prices range from $3.25 to $7.25. 

Best pizza: Speedy Romeo's in Bed-Stuy

Speedy Romeo's pizzas are prepped in a wood-fired Italian pizza oven and have the perfect crust consistency. Their signature pizza, The Speedy Romeo, is made of grilled dough, green tomatoes, house-made ricotta, basil, and lemon.

If you're a fan of s'mores, their "chocolate cake" dessert — made almost entirely of a massive, fire-branded marshmallow — is to die for. Prices range between $6 and $78.  

Best pasta: Eva Jean's in Bed-Stuy

Eva Jean's interior doesn't feel like it should be in Brooklyn — its colorful decor, plants, and fireplace ring more West Coast to me, but Brooklynites seem to love it.

Since the menu changes seasonally at this farm-to-table restaurant, I've tried multiple dishes, including the chicken breast with rutabaga purée and Swiss chard, but I will never forget the cacio e pepe pasta dish I had there twice in 2015. Prices change seasonally.

• I took a quick online test to determine my style when it comes to influencing people.
• The assessment breaks down five different styles people tend to use to get what they want.
• I learned that it's best to be flexible and put different methods to use, depending on the situation.

Everyone wants to be able to get what they want.

Some of us just aren't very good about doing it.

I recently took a ten-minute test from assessment firm Multi-Health Systems to identify the styles I use to influence people and get stuff done.

The online test featured a number of repetitive questions about my preferences when it comes to working with and influencing others. Each question provided you with two choices — for example, "I present rational arguments" and " I make concessions to get something that is really important to me." All you had to do was select the one that sounded most like you.

Then I met with clinical psychologist Dr. Steven Stein, author of "The EQ Leader" and CEO of Multi-Health Systems, to go over my results.

Here's what I found out:

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Breaking down the different styles

First, we talked a bit about the potential results you can get.

The test breaks down your aptitude in five different categories — asserting, rationalizing, negotiating, bridging, and inspiring. On the test itself, participants receive a score out of 16 for each style category.

·Assertive people take a more aggressive, "my way or the highway" tack.

·Rationalizers adopt a logical, data-driven approach.

· People who negotiate give up something they want in order to work with others.

· Individuals who use the "bridging" technique find common ground and build teams.

· And the inspiring style tends to involve appeals to "the big picture" and noble causes.

"No one style is the best or is correct," Stein told me. "It's a matter of knowing which style to use at which point and time. Everybody has a preferred style."

In order to get what you want, according to Stein, it's best to be flexible and use a style appropriate for whatever situation you find yourself in.

For example, it's all well and good to pepper your team with encouraging, inspirational statements on how your business is going to change the world for the better. But, when it's crunch time and you're on deadline, you might want to switch to a more assertive attitude.

How I scored

Next, I got my results.

My highest score was in the inspiring category — I received a 15 out of 16.

I wasn't surprised. I'm very inspirational. Just kidding. What this really means is I tend to try to get what I want by "articulating shared interests," promoting "higher goals and objectives" and attempting to lay the "the groundwork for joint problem solving," according to my results.

"Everyone kind of has a primary style, but you really scored high — you're really up in there," Stein told me. He said most people get less extreme results and are more evenly spread out throughout each category.

Looking back on my results, I noticed I scored highly in the bridging category, too. I also got "slightly prefer" in rationalizing and negotiating.

The one place where I totally bombed was in the asserting category; it was the only "underutilized" style in my results.

This basically means that I'm not particularly good at voicing my opinions or making demands in the workplace.

The results all sounded like me. Next, I wanted to figure out what I could do to tweak my style and become better at getting what I want.

Next steps

In order to become more assertive, Stein said I can start by taking steps to to push against the status quo.

"You really have to give yourself permission to state what you think is correct," he told me.

My results also recommended forcing myself to make decisions even when "data may not be available," being more willing to act upon my more unpopular views, and hang out with people who make forceful decisions constantly.

For the moment, I'm pretty happy with my way of doing things. However, I plan to ask more clarifying questions from here on out. It's good start, anyway.

Stein said anyone can take steps to change their style, if necessary.

"They're all skills you can learn," Stein said. "If you're low in one, you can improve it. If you're not assertive, you can bump up your assertiveness a bit."

Higher education doesn't come cheap in the United States — citizens collectively hold about $1.31 trillion in college loan debt.

Things are hardly this dire in certain other countries, where everything from preschool to university is paid for — at least in part — by the government.

Some governments even cover the entire cost of a college education, leaving graduates with zero debt and a clean slate to start their new careers.

Business Insider spoke with four people from different European countries to find out what it's really like to get a free education.

SEE ALSO: 16 of the most beautiful schools in the world

France

What do you pay for university?

Public university is still free except for about €200 ($237) of fees, which include basic healthcare.

What's it like to pay so little?

We are happy and grateful to not have to think about the huge amounts of debt awaiting us after graduation. You can focus on the studies that matter to you rather than the most lucrative ones.

Are there any drawbacks?

Many students in France also have to work during their studies to afford basic things like eating and housing etc. and this can affect their success or the length of their studies compared to students whose parents can help pay for you.

— Marie-Catherine Beuth, Managing Editor, Business Insider France

Germany

What do you pay for university?

I was enrolled from 2009-2015. During this time period there was some variation in university fees. The total fee during that time was ~€500 ($592) per semester (6 months). Before and after, the university was almost "free."

What's it like to pay so little?

I have a lot of friends who studied in the UK and the USA (mostly universities which have very good ranking), who had to pay significantly more for their university.

We discussed the topic several times and actually came to the conclusion that there is little to no difference between Ivy League schools or highly ranked UK universities and my university in terms of the content covered.

This means, although I paid considerably less, I had access to the same quantity and quality of knowledge through my lectures as they did. From my perspective, this was obviously a very satisfying conclusion.

Are there any drawbacks?

The professor/student ratio was generally much higher at my university. There was less course/project work in my course, compared to the highly-ranked and expensive universities that my friends attended. 

— Andrej Guminski, Research Associate at Research Association for Energy Economics

Denmark

What do you pay for university?

Totally free. You only have to pay for the books you need.

What's it like to pay so little?

Everybody has the same opportunity to pursue a university degree no matter if they were born into rags or riches.

By removing the perception of education being an economic investment in yourself or in your children, you generally see that students choose a program that is not a necessarily the practical and obvious choice but which is what they are passionate about.

This is also one of the reasons why it is very common for students to begin on a degree and afterwards change program or university entirely within the first two semesters.

Are there any drawbacks?

With education being free, the Danish word "evighedsstuderende" has risen. The direct translation would be 'eternity student' and it refers to a person who never finishes his studies but continuously keeps changing study program year after year. 

Another potential drawback is that people don't necessarily choose a study program based on their future job opportunities.

— Daniel Borup Jakobsen, VP Marketing, Plecto

Tech companies and NFL quarterbacks have a surprising amount in common.

While tech stocks carry outsize influence, often dictating the direction of the whole market, professional football teams are also at the whim of their signal-callers. The market would crash if tech stocks started failing — the dot-com bubble anyone? — just in the way an injury to an NFL team's starting quarterback usually spells certain disaster.

Now, as the NFL season kicks off, many casual football fans are trying to get up to speed on which players and teams to watch. And there's no better place to start than with the guys who are throwing the passes.

Below is a breakdown to help make sense of it all, with a special focus on the tech companies that best embody some of the league's most notable quarterbacks.

Aaron Rodgers is Amazon

Remember when Amazon was just an online bookstore? Well, before Green Bay Packers quarterback Aaron Rodgers was an MVP and Super Bowl champion, he was just NFL legend Brett Favre's backup.

It took Amazon and Rodgers years of quietly toiling away at their respective trades, plotting world domination, for them to break out and realize their immense potential. Amazon is now disrupting every industry in sight, while Rodgers is continuing his reign of terror over opposing defenses and once is again expected to carry his team to a fantastic season. And, like Amazon, Rodgers is showing no signs of slowing.

Also notable is how both Amazon and Rodgers faced their share of doubters during their respective ascents. Short-sighted pessimists first questioned Amazon's initial foray into online bookselling and then scratched their heads when the retail juggernaut broadened its scope. Rodgers suffered the indignity of slipping to the 24th pick in the NFL draft, despite being projected as a top selection, and then was stuck as Favre's understudy for three full seasons.

Tom Brady is Apple

The two undisputed kings of their respective fields. New England Patriots quarterback Tom Brady is a five-time Super Bowl champion and a two-time NFL MVP, and he is widely considered to be one of the best to ever play the game. Apple is the biggest company in the world, is still growing rapidly, and holds more cash than many small nations.

Both Brady and Apple got where they are today because of legendary leadership. Brady has benefited greatly from the tutelage of Patriots coach Bill Belichick, one of the greatest and winningest coaches in NFL history. Apple prospered under the visionary guidance of CEO Steve Jobs, who designed such landscape-altering products as the iPhone during his tenure.

That's not to say the two have always had it easy. Brady tore an ACL in his team's first game in 2008 and missed the rest of the season. Similarly, Jobs was fired in 1985, a move that almost destroyed the company. Needless to say, both entities bounced back, and today they are viewed as unstoppable forces.

Cam Newton is Facebook

Carolina Panthers quarterback Cam Newton experienced almost immediate success upon entering the NFL in 2011, winning the Offensive Rookie of the Year award and eventually carrying his team to the Super Bowl. Facebook initially had a little tougher time gathering steam, but it still managed to grow its market cap by roughly 50% over its first two years after going public in 2012. It has since become one of the most valuable companies in the world.

Further, Newton is already one of the elite few to have been named an NFL MVP (in 2015), while Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg is one of the richest people in the world, with a net worth of roughly $70 billion.

That's not to say their respective ascents were without hiccups — both were accused of stealing early in their careers. Newton was suspended from the University of Florida football team in 2008 after he was arrested on suspicion of stealing a laptop from another student, while Zuckerberg was sued over claims that he stole the idea for Facebook from the Winklevoss twins.

They both recovered swiftly. Newton transferred to Auburn, where he won a national championship and the Heisman Trophy as the country's top player, while Zuckerberg was able to move past the lawsuit to become the highly respected billionaire CEO he is today.