Cam Newton will make his Super Bowl debut on Sunday when his Carolina Panthers take on the Denver Broncos in Super Bowl 50.

Newton's football résumé is already quite impressive. He won the Heisman Trophy and a national championship while playing college ball at Auburn, was selected with the first overall pick at the 2011 NFL draft, and is expected to be named MVP this season.

He could add Super Bowl champion and Super Bowl MVP to his trophy case on Sunday.

In honor of his first — but, hopefully, not last — Super Bowl berth, below is a closer look at Cam's charmed life:

Newton signed a five-year, $103.8 million contract with the Panthers before this season. The new contract includes a $22.5 million signing bonus, $60 million guaranteed, and an average annual salary of $20.8 million.

Source: Spotrac

Newton also has endorsement deals with Dannon, Gatorade, Under Armour, L'Oreal, Beats by Dre, and plenty more. Among NFL players, only Peyton Manning has more endorsements than Newton.

Source: ESPN

Newton has his own clothing line with Belk called Made: Cam Newton, and he often wears his own line while traveling to games.

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Apple just booked its biggest ever quarter, with revenues of $76 billion (£52.4 billion). Profits were $18.4 billion — the most of any company, ever.

It also sold 74.7 million iPhones — another record. The company could not be in better shape.

And yet Apple is a troubled beast:

• Investors have driven AAPL stock down 28% over the last 12 months, from $133 to $96.
• CEO Tim Cook admitted on his last earnings call that iPhone sales are about to go into decline.
• iPhone lost market share in every major global market except one last quarter.
• Other major products like iPads and Macs are already in decline.
• And Wall Street analysts are wondering whether the upcoming iPhone 7 will fail to move the needle. "Although we do expect growth in 2017, we do not expect a major iPhone 7 bounce-back," analysts Tavis C. McCourt and Mike Koban at Raymond James said recently.

The fear is that Apple is at its peak, and the only way from here is down.  

Of course, only idiots bet against Apple. The company has a history of confounding its critics by emerging from brief troughs with renewed growth and exciting products. (Just look what didn'thappenthe last time we examined the worst-case scenario for Apple!)

Nonetheless, it's worth asking: What would happen to Apple if everything that can go wrong does go wrong?

Here's the worst-case scenario.

Apple's biggest fans think Apple has problems

Apple's most famous fans are Walt Mossberg of The Verge, John Gruber of Daring Fireball and Jim Dalrymple of The Loop. They all believe the quality of Apple's software is in decline. Too many bugs and too many slow-loading programmes, they say. Apple's internal corporate mantra is "It just works!," a phrase Steve Jobs used to describe the way Apple products functioned simply and intuitively. Yet some services like — iTunes, Apple Music, and iCloud for Web — are harder to use, and more complicated.

It's rare to see the loudest choirboys in the Apple fanboy army all singing the same song like this. 

Other tech companies have been down this road before: Their product portfolio expands to offer a wider range of more complicated products. And their best executives get spread thinner between them. As they rack up sales, and become bigger, these mini-empires within Apple find it harder and harder to move quickly.

The iPhone — launched in 2007 — was a one-off miracle product, never to be repeated

Apple is the iPhone company. 68% of Apple's revenue comes from iPhone sales. If iPhone declines, Apple declines — and iPhone is already in decline. All we're talking about now is the scale of the decline. If iPhone declined by 10%, say, it would wipe $5 billion off Apple's topline.

iPad and Macbook unit sales declined by 25% and 4%, respectively, last quarter.

Apple can launch new products of course, like the watch. But Apple Watch hasn't lit the sky on fire, yet. Apple TV is still a tiny part of the entire business. And the Apple Car is years away from launch.

It's going to be tough.

iPhone 7 may not be sufficiently new or exciting to relight growth at Apple

Time was, everyone expected that iPhone sales would take a breather when the company released an "S" update model rather than a new one with a new number. By contrast, new number models — iPhone 4, 5 and 6 — were all huge, physical updates to the device, and the sales followed. So expectations should be high for iPhone 7.

But this time, people are worrying that iPhone 7 will not be new enough to spur new sales.

Leaks are suggesting the new phone will look a lot like the old iPhone 6S. And some analysts believe the sales bump from iPhone 6 was so big that iPhone 7 won't be able to match it. Apple has nowhere to go in terms of new screen sizes. It could copy Samsung and introduce a curved screen edge or a stylus ... but that doesn't seem to be on the cards.

Chilling drone footage shows the terrible impact the devastating Syrian civil war has had on the city of Homs.

Located in western Syria, Homs was a stronghold for groups opposed to the Assad regime and years of fierce fighting has left the city in ruins.

Nearly 13,000 people have been killed in Homs since the outbreak of the Syrian civil war in 2011, according to the Centre for Documenting Violations in Syria.

The footage was uploaded to YouTube on February 2 by RussiaWorks, a Russian company with ties to the Kremlin.

The video has not been independently verified but is similar to previous RussiaWorks productions, such as a video from January shot in the Damascus suburb of Darayya.

Speaking to Business Insider in October Boris Silberman, a Russia expert at the Foundation for the Defense of Democracies, said: “RussiaWorks is part of a slick campaign by the Kremlin to sell the war at home and project Russia as a military power.

"The videos are put together by a number of Russian war correspondents/production folks that are tied to the Kremlin and probably have a lot of time on their hands — and some good drones — to make highly edited videos."

As the video begins, the lack of life and ruined state of Homs becomes clear.

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Before the start of the Syrian civil war in 2011, Homs was a major industrial center of the country.

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Three children, who wander the empty streets, wave at the drone as it flies past.

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Looking to spruce up your lounge?

An Apple TV top box starts at $159 (£129).

A PlayStation 4 is currently $343 (£284).

A smart TV will set you back hundreds.

Forget all of them – Google sells a gadget for just $35 (£30) that will transform how you watch TV.

It certainly did for me.

I'm talking about Chromecast. It's a "dongle" that Google sells that you plug into the back of your TV.

You slot it into a HDMI port, the sort found on basically all modern TVs. Once there, you control it with your smartphone.

You can throw videos and music onto your TV to watch by pressing the Chromecast button on any of the hundreds of compatible apps.

For Mark Zuckerberg, a product isn't a real business until it has a billion users.

"This may sound a little ridiculous to say, but for us, products don't really get that interesting to turn into businesses until they have about 1 billion people using them,"he said during Facebook's third-quarter earnings call in 2014.

On Monday, one of the social network's sister apps just got "interesting"— WhatsApp passed the 1,000,000,000-user mark.

It's a coveted milestone that very few apps and platforms ever reach.

Here are the members of the three-comma club:

WhatsApp: Used by one-seventh of the earth's population.

On Monday, the Facebook-owned messaging app announced it had a billion active users, nearly one-seventh of the world's population.

WhatsApp's big news, interestingly, came out right after Google's parent company, Alphabet, announced quarterly earnings — which beat analysts' expectations and sent the stock soaring.

"But now, it's back to work," WhatsApp said in a blog post, "because we still have another 6 billion people to get on WhatsApp, and a long way left to go."

Facebook Groups: The billion-user app that's still a bit of a secret.

Facebook Groups is another Facebook product with more than a billion users. It announced it had passed that milestone in late January 2016. It's available as a standalone app and is also accessible via the main website.

Gmail: Probably the best all-around email product, ever.

Google's incredibly popular email service passed the billion-user mark recently. The search giant announced the news on its earning call earlier this week.

John Schnatter has always had an entrepreneurial spirit and a thing for pizza.

In high school, he worked at a pizza and sub shop in his hometown of Jeffersonville, Indiana, where he first fell in love with making pizza. He got through college by working at a place called Greek's Pizzeria and even considered dropping out of Ball State University to open a franchise, but his parents wouldn't allow it.

"That's when I got the idea," Schnatter tells Business Insider. "I'd finish college and open my own restaurant. I had the recipes, I knew the equipment, and I had a store layout." After consulting a marketing major who lived in his dorm, he even had a name. 

He took the leap of faith in 1984. He sold his beloved Camaro Z28 for $2,800 to buy $1,600 worth of used restaurant equipment, and then turned a tavern's broom closet into a pizza business.

It has since grown into the empire known today as Papa John's Pizza — the third largest pizza chain in the world, with 4,800 restaurants around the globe and a market capitalization of $2.2 billion. Papa John's is also the official pizza sponsor of the National Football League and Super Bowl 50.

Schnatter says these were the five "unexpected ingredients" for his startup success:

SEE ALSO: Papa John's CEO shares 3 productivity tricks he used to grow his pizza business into a $2 billion company

1. Patient ambition

"You have to keep looking until you find work that's meaningful and purposeful," Schnatter says. "Then work it to the bone, and you'll never work a day in your life."

As a young man, Schnatter worked all sorts of odd jobs, including driving a forklift for a local package store, painting gutters, mowing lawns, welding barges, and flipping hamburgers at Wendy's. "I bounced around until I fell in love with making pizzas: I was good at it, I enjoyed the process, and loved making people happy," he explains. "I'm not sure I would have lasted as long as I have running my own business had I not been doing what I felt like I was put on Earth to do."

2. Unconventionality

"Back in the early days of Papa John's, I dove into a competitors' dumpsters to find their sales sheets and sent personal letters to their customers asking them to give our pizza a try," says Schnatter. "Unconventional, sure, but to be a successful entrepreneur, you need to be tenacious and scrappy. And you have to truly believe your product is the best and personally vouch for it."

3. Failure

Contrary to what some people might tell you, failure is an option — and not always a terrible one, he says.

"Perfect example: Years ago, we offered a Sweet Chili Chicken Pizza and were convinced it would be a huge hit. Boy, were we wrong," Schnatter adds. "We were left with a massive surplus of Sweet Chili Chicken sauce.

"So, since we encourage curiosity and tinkering, instead of throwing it out, we used the principle of optionality to find ways to make it sell. With a little creativity, we developed our wildly popular Sweet Chili Chicken Wings, proving that even in the face of failure, a successful option is somewhere to be found. But you can't be afraid of failure."

Business owners often find some of their best ideas when they're looking for something else, he says. "It's all about turning a negative into a positive."

Many people think of maps in terms of their basic purpose: showing a country’s geography and topography. But maps can speak to all dimensions—political, military, and economic. 

In fact, they are the first place to start thinking about a country’s strategy, which can reveal factors that are otherwise not obvious.

The 10 maps below show Russia’s difficult position since the Soviet Union collapsed and explain Putin’s long-term intentions in Europe.

Russia is almost landlocked

Sometimes a single map can reveal the most important thing about a country. In the case of Russia, it is this map.

One of the keys to understanding Russia’s strategy is to look at its position relative to the rest of Europe. 

The European Peninsula is surrounded on three sides by the Baltic and North Seas, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Mediterranean and Black Seas. The easternmost limit of the peninsula extends from the eastern tip of the Baltic Sea south to the Black Sea.

In this map, this division is indicated by the line from St. Petersburg to Rostov-on-Don. This line also roughly defines the eastern boundaries of the Baltic states, Belarus and Ukraine. These countries are the eastern edge of the European Peninsula.

Hardly any part of Europe is more than 400 miles from the sea, and most of Europe is less than 300 miles away. Much of Russia, on the other hand, is effectively landlocked. The Arctic Ocean is far away from Russia’s population centers, and the few ports that do exist are mostly unusable in the winter.

Europe controls Russia’s access to the oceans

Russia’s access to the world’s oceans, aside from the Arctic, is also limited. What access it does have is blocked by other countries, which can be seen through this map.

European Russia has three potential points from which to access global maritime trade. One is through the Black Sea and the Bosporus, a narrow waterway controlled by Turkey that can easily be closed to Russia. Another is from St. Petersburg, where ships can sail through Danish waters, but this passageway can also be easily blocked. The third is the long Arctic Ocean route, starting from Murmansk and then extending through the gaps between Greenland, Iceland, and the United Kingdom.

During the Cold War, air bases in Norway, Scotland, and Iceland, coupled with carrier battle groups, worked to deny Russia access to the sea. This demonstrates the vulnerability Russia faces due to its lack of access to oceans and waterways.

It also reveals why Russia is, for all intents and purposes, a landlocked country.
A country’s access to the sea can greatly influence its economic and political strength.

Most of Russia's population lives along the western border

Russia’s population clusters along its western border with Europe and its southern border with the Caucasus (the area between the Black Sea and Caspian Sea to the south). Siberia is lightly populated. Rivers and infrastructure flow west.

You don’t want to lose sleep over the valediction on your work email, but it DOES matter. It’s your parting shot. It’s also your chance to be a little personal. So, what’s the strongest way to sign-off?

If you’re Jamie Dimon, it seems you’ll say nothing – just “Jamie.” The same goes for Lloyd Blankfein, who simply signs-off “Lloyd.” 

This doesn’t mean you can get away with this, however.

“For your work email signoff, don’t make it too personal and therefore strange, or too casual,” says Hallie Crawford, the founder of HallieCrawford.com Career Coaching.

Context matters, a lot.

“If you do not know the person well, it’s best to avoid overly casual communication so it is not misinterpreted,” says Alyssa Gelbard, the president of Resume Strategists, a personal branding and executive career consultancy.

We conducted an informal poll of bankers, recruiters and career coaches to find out their favorite ways to end emails. This is what we learned.

Most popular: No valediction at all

Lloyd and Jamie are onto something. Experienced Wall Streeters told us they don’t go for “warmest regards” or any other cliché. They just end their email and have it roll right into their signature.

“It says you’re all business,” claims one former investment banker, who picked it up from his boss. “It’s intimidating and makes you move,” he adds.

Be warned, however, ending abruptly can be intimidating. A lack of closing can be misinterpreted as not caring, disinterested or even disrespectful, says Gelbard.

“Taking the time to type a few extra characters and write a decent email sign-off can help prevent misinterpretation by the recipient,” she adds. “The message having no closing salutation sends is that since you weren’t interested in taking any time to type a close, that perhaps you don’t care that much about the email subject or recipient.”

Safe: “Best regards”

This is Wall Streeters’ second choice. “Best” or “best regards” is vanilla enough to not say much about you or your relationship with the email recipient. It’s “safe.” A simple “regards” is in the same camp.

This is a good option when you don’t know a person well, but want to be safe and friendly, says Gelbard.

Outdated: “Sincerely/Very Truly Yours”

“What, are you living in the 19th century?” said another banker. “Sincerely,” “Yours truly” and “Very truly yours” are old, stodgy and overly formal. “Maybe for a cover letter, but not in the office.”

Super Bowl 50 isn't happening until Sunday, February 7, but some of America's biggest brands, including Acura, Doritos, and official Super Bowl sponsor Pepsi, have already aired teasers and commercials ahead of TV's most watched annual event.

"It's the biggest stage out there, and one thing we know for sure is it's the only time of year where consumers are looking for the ads," one second-time advertiser told Business Insider.

Though some ads, like T-Mobile's "Restricted Bling" commercial featuring "Hotline Bling" rapper Drake, have already garnered millions of views, ad-tracking company Unruly has designed a way to track impact beyond the view counter.

Using data from their Unruly Viral Video Chart, they've revealed a list of the 10 most shared Super Bowl ads so far, determined by the number of YouTube and Facebook shares the ads have rather than the number of views. According to Unruly, shares are a more accurate measure of what's truly going viral and generating the most buzz.

Check out the 10 ads below.

SEE ALSO: Doritos tells us why it has had enough of its 'Crash the Super Bowl' contest

AND: 12 essentials for the ultimate Super Bowl party setup

10. Pepsi — "The First Halftime Performer Is...Coldplay"

Date aired: December 3

Shares: 40,535 

9. Acura — "#DriveAcuraNSXContest"

Date aired: January 29

Shares: 43,538

8. Amazon — "Cheese Footballs #BaldwinBowl"

Date aired: January 29

Shares: 47,448

If you still don’t know what to bring to your Super Bowl party this weekend, you’re in luck.

Pinterest, the ultimate party-planning website, has a round up of the ultimate snacks that people are making this year for Super Bowl 50.

The best part? Lots of these take less than a half an hour to whip together.

Keep reading to see what you should make for the big game.

Hot wings are boring — try making garlic parmesan chicken wings instead. Your guests will thank you.

Source: Creative Me Inspired You

Triscuit pizza sounds pretty tasty and looks extremely easy. It’s topped with pizza sauce, shredded mozzarella cheese, and whatever pizza toppings you want.

Source: Yellow Bliss Road

Nachos are great, but dessert nachos? Better. These “funfetti dessert nachos” are crunchy cookies topped with meringue dip, chocolate chips, and diced strawberries.

Source: Cupcake Project

Few pilots can claim to be as talented as the acrobatic aces flying in the US Blue Angels and UK Red Arrows display teams. 

Both teams perform choreographed and synchronized displays at incredible break-neck speeds. The teams update their performances every year, according to How It Works Annual Volume 6, and the displays can last up to 30 minutes. 

Although the individual skills and stunts of each pilot is admirable, what sets the pilots of the Blue Angels and Red Arrows apart is their ability to work as a synchronized team.

The teams, consisting of 6 and 9 planes respectively, must be able to effectively fly and perform tricks while maintain perfect distance from their fellow pilots. How It Works notes that aircraft during the displays can fly as close as six feet from each other.

Below are some of the teams' most amazing tricks explained.

SEE ALSO: The evolution of US Army uniforms over the last 240 years

Vixen Break

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Source: YouTube

Rollbacks

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As many prepare for the battle between Team Captain America and Team Iron Man in “Captain America: Civil War,” out in May, for now we're taking a detour in the Marvel universe as we’re introduced to one of its most complex characters, Deadpool.

Led by Ryan Reynolds as the character, the new movie adaptation of the comic book, in theaters February 12, is the first look at a Marvel character from an R-rated perspective. Filled with graphic violence and a lot of bad language, 20th Century Fox's effort brings a harder-edged feel to the superhero genre than what we're familiar with from the Disney releases (“The Avengers,” “Iron Man,” etc.).

But there’s more to why “Deadpool” is one of the most unique superhero movies ever made.

We’ve come up with 5 big reasons you should see it:

(Warning: spoilers ahead.)

SEE ALSO: 20 modern classic movies everyone needs to watch in their lifetime

1. Ryan Reynolds making fun of himself

The Deadpool character is a former Special Forces operative who, after an experiment, possesses accelerated healing powers. True, that doesn’t sound much different from any other superhero origin story, but it’s the psychotic persona of Wade Wilson (aka Deadpool) that sets him apart. To harness that on the big screen, Hollywood has called on Mr. Sarcasm himself, Ryan Reynolds.

But “Deadpool” goes a step further than having Reynolds throw a fun line or two. To really portray the character correctly, it had to be brutal. And Reynolds obliged. He plays on his box-office bomb as Green Lantern in 2011, once being People’s Sexiest Man Alive, even taking jabs at his own acting talents.

It’s fun to see Reynolds can take a joke (or five). 

2. Lots of pop-culture references

Don’t fret if you’re not up on your “Deadpool” comics knowledge. The movie is made for both the super-fan and the novice. One of the pleasures is taking in the references to pop culture that are filled throughout. From a Salt-N-Pepa song to Deadpool throwing out lines about Negasonic Teenage Warhead looking like Sinéad O’Connor (and then there’s the scene after the end credits; don’t worry, we won’t give it away), it’s a fun ride for the '80s-and-'90s-nostalgic audience.

One of the biggest threads through the movie is Deadpool’s love for the band Wham!, specifically the group's hit “Careless Whisper.”

3. Breaking the fourth wall

Most superhero movies are focused entirely on the action, but Deadpool is fully aware there’s an audience looking at him, and he can’t help but chat it up. This leads to some enormously entertaining moments, like explaining how he met his roommate, Blind Al, or giving us his backstory while being pummeled by Colossus. And as anyone familiar with Ryan Reynolds' style of comedy knows, he is very comfortable doing that.

The Carolina Panthers had about as good of a season as a team could ask for.

They finished 15-1, crushed opponents, had a relatively drama-free postseason, and saw their leader, Cam Newton, cement himself as the MVP.

Moreover, the Panthers looked like they had a blast along the way.

With Cam's joyous play, his dances, celebrations with the fans, and the team photos, the Panthers looked like a team who loved every minute of their season.

Here are 17 photos to prove it.

Nobody had more fun than Cam Newton this season.

And nothing captures Cam's joyous play like his tendency to "dab" after a first down or touchdown.

The Panthers frequently organized team photo ops after big wins.

Mikko Hyponnen, chief research officer at security firm F-Secure, has been working with computer viruses for over 25 years. 

Over the course of his career, he's managed to accumulate more than a few computer viruses for his collection, storing the viruses on old floppy disks. So when he learned that the Internet Archive had the capability to run software written for DOS computers, it was a no-brainer to share his bizarre menagerie of malware with the world. 

The viruses have been ripped off of 5.25-inch floppy disks and tweaked by hand so that all that remains is their visual effects — not their harmful ones — and now you can enjoy these bizarre pieces of semi-malicious art from the safety of your modern browser at the Malware Museum.

Jason Scott, who curates the software collection of the Internet Archive and who helped set up the Malware Museum, appreciates the viruses from both an aesthetic and historical standpoint.

"Removed of their teeth and confined within the emulator, I do see these as art," Scott told Business Insider. "From this safe distance, a lot of people can see what these viruses were like to get, and see what effect it might have had to get one."

"I think it's really important that we try to archive our common digital history the best we can," Hyponnen said in an email. "No one else will do it for us." While no one else may do his work for him, others have already lent a hand. Scott said that the collection, which began at 30 viruses, has since grown to nearly 80 thanks to the contributions of other virus collectors. 

You can see what the viruses look like below.

NOW VISIT: The Malware Museum at the Internet Archive

The Q Walker sends this cartoon man across your screen.

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Experience Q Walker.

The Delyrium virus leaves victims feeling like they're in an earthquake.

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Experience Delyrium.

The LSD virus does...this.

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Experience LSD.

Frugality is a subjective term. To the average Joe it could mean eating meals at home or scouring the Internet for cheap flights. But to a billionaire it means showing up to work in a t-shirt and jeans, driving a Toyota or Volkswagen, and in some instances, foregoing the purchase of a private jet or lavish vacation home.

A handful of frugal billionaires appear on our list of the richest people on earth, and each one has his own penny-pinching habits.

From eating lunch in the office cafeteria with their employees to residing in homes worth a fraction of their wealth, these seven self-made billionaires — many who are also generous philanthropists— know the secret to keeping their net worths high.

SEE ALSO: The 50 richest people on earth

SEE ALSO: The 25 richest self-made billionaires

Warren Buffett, chairman and CEO of Berkshire Hathaway

Net worth:$60.7 billion

The "Oracle of Omaha" is one of the wisest and most frugal billionaires around. Despite his status as the third-richest person on earth, he still lives in the same modest home he bought for $31,500 in 1958, doesn't carry a cell phone or have a computer at his desk, and once had a vanity license plate that read THRIFTY, according to his 2009 biography.

Buffett also has a decidedly low-brow palate, known not just for investing in junk-food purveyors like Burger King, Dairy Queen, and Coca-Cola but filling up on them as well. The Buffett diet includes five Cokes a day, as well as Cheetos and potato chips. 

At his annual shareholder's meeting in 2014, Buffett explained that his quality of life isn't impacted by the amount of money he has: "My life couldn't be happier. In fact, it'd be worse if I had six or eight houses. So, I have everything I need to have, and I don't need any more because it doesn't make a difference after a point."

Charlie Ergen, chairman of Dish Network

Net worth:$14.5 billion

Charlie Ergen is a notoriously frugal business leader, but he also nickels and dimes in his personal life. Ergen has said his frugality hearkens back to his mother's childhood. "My mom grew up in the Depression," he told the Financial Times. "I don’t have a mahogany desk."

The self-made billionaire packs a lunch of a sandwich and Gatorade before work every day, and until recently, he shared hotel rooms with colleagues during travel. 

Carlos Slim Helú, founder of Grupo Carso

Net worth:$23.5 billion

Rather than spending his fluctuating fortune, Carlos Slim funnels his billions back into the economy and his vast array of companies. He once mused to Reuters that wealth was like an orchard, "what you have to do is make it grow, reinvest to make it bigger, or diversify into other areas."

The 75-year-old is by far the richest man in Mexico, but he forgoes luxuries like private jets and yachts and reportedly still drives an old Mercedes-Benz. Slim runs his companies frugally too, writing in staff handbooks that employees should always"maintain austerity in prosperous times (in times when the cow is fat with milk)."

The businessman has lived in the same six-bedroom house in Mexico for more than 40 years and routinely enjoys sharing home-cooked meals with his children and grandchildren. He's got a couple of known indulgences, including fine art — in honor of his late wife — and Cuban cigars, as well as an $80 million mansion in Manhattan, which he was trying to sell last spring. 

The average US employee spends about a quarter of the work week combing through the hundreds of emails we all send and receive every day.

But despite the fact that we're glued to our reply buttons, career coach Barbara Pachter says plenty of professionals still don't know how to use email appropriately. 

In fact, because of the sheer volume of messages we're reading and writing each day, we may be more prone to making embarrassing errors — and those mistakes can have serious professional consequences.

Pachter outlines the basics of modern email etiquette in her book "The Essentials Of Business Etiquette." We pulled out the most essential rules you need to know.

Vivian Giang and Rachel Sugar contributed to earlier versions of this article.

Now master your etiquette off-line:  17 business etiquette rules every professional needs to know

1. Include a clear, direct subject line.

Examples of a good subject line include "Meeting date changed,""Quick question about your presentation," or "Suggestions for the proposal."

"People often decide whether to open an email based on the subject line," Pachter says. "Choose one that lets readers know you are addressing their concerns or business issues."

2. Use a professional email address.

If you work for a company, you should use your company email address. But if you use a personal email account — whether you are self-employed or just like using it occasionally for work-related correspondences — you should be careful when choosing that address, Pachter says.

You should always have an email address that conveys your name so that the recipient knows exactly who is sending the email. Never use email addresses (perhaps remnants of your grade-school days) that are not appropriate for use in the workplace, such as "babygirl@..." or "beerlover@..."— no matter how much you love a cold brew.

3. Think twice before hitting 'reply all.'

No one wants to read emails from 20 people that have nothing to do with them. Ignoring the emails can be difficult, with many people getting notifications of new messages on their smartphones or distracting pop-up messages on their computer screens. Refrain from hitting "reply all" unless you really think everyone on the list needs to receive the email, Pachter says.

The Superbowl is here.

Time to pop some fresh batteries into the remote, kick back, and enjoy the game — and the halftime snacks.

Americans are expected to eat 1.3 billion chicken wings for Superbowl 50 this weekend, and according to the Wall Street Journal nearly 12.5 million pizzas will be delivered this Sunday – that's 100 million slices!

But where to get these game day essentials?

We decided to put the major chains to the test: Domino's, Papa John's, and Pizza Hut for pizza and breadsticks; and Buffalo Wild Wings and Wingstop for chicken wings.  

First up, the pizza face-off, pitting the big three pizza chains – Domino's, Papa John's, and Pizza Hut – against each other. Our test has three essential game day categories: the classic cheese pizza, the supreme pizza, and breadsticks.

Who delivers the best slice of cheese pizza?

Cheese:

Papa John's tastes delicious, and I believe their claim of 100% mozzarella. The crust underneath is sturdy but thin, allowing the cheese and sauce to come through. Also, it's surprisingly not that salty. Pizza Hut's impressive crust overwhelms at first, but quickly gives way as the vibrant crushed-tomato marinara sauce comes through the salty cheese. Domino's crust is doughy and thick, and a little too spongy for my taste – and the cheese is rather bland. 

The Denver Broncos are Super Bowl champions, beating the Carolina Panthers 24-10.

The Broncos dominated on defense, and the offense, led by Peyton Manning, minimized its mistakes to keep the Panthers from getting free points.

The Panthers made several key mistakes including using up all their challenges, fumbling a ball into their own end zone, and getting fooled into thinking a fair catch had been called on a punt.

Before the game even started we also had a few memorable moments, including Tom Brady getting booed and Stephen Curry banging a drum.

Below are all of the biggest moments and plays from the Super Bowl that people will be talking about on Monday.

Tom Brady was booed by the Super Bowl crowd during a pregame ceremony for Super Bowl MVPs.

Read more: Tom Brady was booed by fans during a ceremony prior to the Super Bowl

Stephen Curry was on hand to support the Panthers, banging their "keep pounding" drum.

Lady Gaga sang the national anthem in a sparkling red outfit.

Marvel just launched a new "Captain America: Civil War" teaser trailer during the Super Bowl. 

The 30-second ad asks fans to place their allegiance with either Iron Man or Captain America and shows off a lot of new footage. 

Missed the trailer? Check it out here.

If you've already seen it, let's break down some of the new images.

Captain America (Chris Evans) sets his sights on something unsettling.

His former best friend, Bucky Barnes (Sebastian Stan), is rigged up to a bunch of machinery.

Captain America's sidekick the Falcon (Anthony Mackie) looks like he's ready to take a leap.

The price of a 30-second slot during the Super Bowl this year soared to as much as $5 million.

Yet, judging by the reaction to some of the ads that aired during the big game this year, some advertisers may have fared better by pouring their marketing budgets into different mediums.

Here are five of the worst ads in that aired during Super Bowl 50.

5. NFL — Super Bowl Babies Choir

The NFL's ad gathered "actual Super Bowl babies"— people born nine months after their city's team won the Super Bowl — to sing along to Seal's "Kiss From A Rose." Seal shows up too.

The insight behind the ad was kind of what made it so unsettling. It's kind of crass, yet not quite rude enough to be funny. A dad-joke of Super Bowl ads.

That said, the message clearly delivered. Lots of people wittily tweeted there are going to be lots of babies born in Denver this November. How we laughed/cringed.

4. Butterfinger — Bolder Than Bold

Butterfinger's pre-Super Bowl campaign started with such promise. The Nestle brand announced its return to the Super Bowl with a skydiving stunt, live-streamed via Periscope.

The cheeky brand also announced it would offer NFL players up to $50,000 towards any fines they incurred for excessively celebrating during the final three games of the pro season. 

Expectations were high, but the final spot simply failed to deliver. A sky diving cowboy, riding on a cow, eating Butterfinger, fell down to the earth a little flat.

3. Colgate — Making Every Drop Of Water Count

The toothpaste brand made its Super Bowl debut this year, with a 30-second spot that encourages viewers to turn off the tap when they brush their teeth.

It's an important-enough message, but like the blue tap, it left us feeling a little cold.

Not just that, but the ad actually aired before on US TV in 2014 and it failed to grab much attention then either, according to the Wall Street Journal.