Magazines have always been in the business of crafting celebrity appearances. Even before Photoshopexisted in 1988, the magazine industry has collaborated with celebrities to carefully present images that shape our consciousness.

Digital editing takes that to another degree. Now, any celebrity can change their appearance in a photo with the swipe of a finger.

For many people, it's a serious problem. One major criticism lobbed at celebrities and magazines is that they promote unrealistic body standards— especially for women.

Celebrities often post Photoshopped selfies. And, of course, altered images are common in advertising as well. Sometimes, though, the manipulation is obvious. And that leads fans, critics, and even celebrities themselves to sometimes react harshly.

Here are 43 celebrity Photoshops that turned into disasters.

Aly Weisman contributed to a previous version of this article.

Lena Dunham was clearly missing something in this 2014 Vogue cover shoot.

Like many things Lena Dunham does, it was controversial.

Her arm mysteriously disappeared.

Other photos from the shoot were also heavily Photoshopped, but Dunham was OK with it. She told Slate that she saw the Photo shoot as a fantasy, not something that was supposed to emulate real life.

"Vogue isn't the place that we go to look at realistic women,"she said. "Vogue is the place that we go to look at beautiful clothes and fancy places and escapism and so I feel like if the story reflects me and I happen to be wearing a beautiful Prada dress and surrounded by beautiful men and dogs, what's the problem?"

Zendaya was surprised to see her body look different in a 2015 shoot for Modeliste magazine.

"Had a new shoot come out today and was shocked when I found my 19-year-old hips and torso quite manipulated,"she wrote on Instagram. "These are the things that make women self conscious, that create the unrealistic ideals of beauty that we have. Anyone who knows who I am knows I stand for honest and pure self love. So I took it upon myself to release the real pic (right side) and I love it."

• Charismatic people have certain traits and behaviors in common that make them likable.
• Above all, they focus on other people instead of themselves.
• For example, they ask lots of questions in conversation, show empathy, and nod attentively.

Everyone worries from time to time.

Maybe you walked into a roomful of coworkers whispering and assumed they were gossiping about you. Or maybe your friends forgot to include you on the email chain for an upcoming getaway.

Our advice? Relax. You're probably plenty well-liked.

But if you're really worried about it, we've put together a list of research-and-expert-backed signs that you're likable — perhaps even more so than you realize.

You'll notice that many of the items on this list have to do with paying more attention to other people and less attention to yourself. Somewhat ironically, once you stop worrying about being likable, you'll have a better chance at winning other people over.

SEE ALSO: 8 signs you're likable at the office, even if it doesn't feel like it

You make a great first impression

First impressions are notoriously hard to shake — so if you make a solid one, you're basically set up to be likable for life.

In one 2016 study published in the journal of Social Psychological and Personality Science, researchers found that participants' evaluations of people in photographs ended up influencing their perceptions of those people even after they'd met them in real life.

That said, if you do make a poor first impression, there are ways to reverse it. For example, if someone views you negatively, you can help them see your behavior in a new context.

Say you ignore an acquaintance on the street because you just had a massive fight with your partner and aren't in the mood to talk. Later you find out that the acquaintance thinks you're a jerk. You might want to get in touch with her and explain that you normally love talking to her, but you'd just finished sobbing and didn't want to embarrass yourself or her.

You show positive emotions

It's a beautiful day in the neighborhood! (Isn't it?)

According to a research paper from the Ohio State University and the University of Hawaii, people can unconsciously feel the emotions of those around them.

The authors of the paper say that's possibly because we naturally mimic others' movements and facial expressions, which in turn makes us feel something similar to what they're feeling.

It follows then that if you're generally upbeat and enthusiastic, other people will feel the same when you're around.

You're not always perfect

Ever tripped on the carpet on your way out of an important meeting? Go you!

Science suggests that revealing you aren't perfect can make you seem more relatable and vulnerable toward the people around you.

Researcher Elliot Aronson at the University of Texas, Austin first discovered this phenomenon when he studied how simple mistakes can affect perceived attraction. He asked male students from the University of Minnesota to listen to tape recordings of people taking a quiz.

When people did well on the quiz but spilled coffee at the end of the interview, the students rated them higher on likability than when they did well on the quiz and didn't spill coffee or didn't do well on the quiz and spilled coffee.

In other words, you have to reveal that you're competent before making a mistake — otherwise you'll just seem silly.

• Baby names with variant spellings can be tricky: Which do you choose?
• In the US, Alan is a more popular baby name than Allen or Allan, for example.
• We compared the most common variations of popular baby names to see which spelling parents choose most.

Naming your child is a unique experience — linguist Steven Pinker called it"the only opportunity that most people get to anoint an entity in the world with a word of their choosing."

That means that whatever a parent decides on for their baby's name, the rest of the world pretty much has to go along with it — even when they choose an unusual spelling.

But what constitutes an unusual way to spell a name, and what's the "normal" way to spell them?

We compared the most popular variations of common names — think Shawn or Shaun instead of the more popular Sean — using data from Names.org, which tracks the names of babies born in the US dating back to 1880.

The results were surprising: According to the records, there have been 345,000 babies named Alan born in the US since 1880, compared to 268,000 named Allen and just 94,000 named Allan.

Meanwhile, girls named Makayla outnumbered those named Michaela by more than 50,000, making it by far the most popular variant of that name.

The names we chose to compare come from the Social Security Administration's list of the 100 most popular boys' and girls' names in US history, as well as a few other popular names with several spelling variations with at least 10,000 representatives.

Read on to whether Stephen is more popular than Steven, whether Lindsey beats Lindsay, and whether Philip or Phillip reigns supreme.

SEE ALSO: 27 fascinating maps that show how Americans speak English differently across the US

DON'T MISS: I played in the biggest Scrabble tournament in the country — and it was nothing like the game you grew up playing

Alan, Allen, and Allan

Allison, Alison, Allyson, and Alyson

Ann and Anne

• Costco membership goes to some peoples' heads, according to workers.

• Business Insider reached out to Costco employees to find out what they wish they could tell shoppers — but can't.

• "Control your kids,""hang up your phone," and "help unload the cart" were common requests.

Costco membership comes with some obvious perks — namely, access to the retail chain and food court.

But, according to dozens of Costco workers who spoke with Business Insider, being a member doesn't entitle you to do whatever you want.

While the retail chain made Glassdoor's list of best places to work in 2017, employees still had a number of complaints about rude and inconvenient behavior from shoppers.

Business Insider spoke to more than two dozen Costco employees about the things they want to tell members, but can't. Some of their responses focused on obviously problematic behaviors, like members being mean and inconsiderate. But some of the tips were more instructive.

Here's what they had to say:

SEE ALSO: 8 Costco food court menu items employees swear by

DON'T MISS: Costco employees share the 7 best parts of working at the retail chain with a cult-like following

SEE ALSO: Costco employees pick the 11 most surprising items the wholesale retailer sells

Have your membership card ready at the door

"Concentrate on handing me your membership card instead of telling me a story. I can listen to your story as I do whatever you need me to do, but I can't do that until I have your membership card."— A Costco employee in Minnesota

Pick up after yourselves

"Sample cups all over the floor? Don't be rude. Clean after yourself."— A Costco employee from Arizona

Put back items you've picked up

"Please put back that item that you just threw there. It doesn’t belong there."— A Costco worker from California

• The rules to the board game Scrabble are not definitive.
• The rules differ according to region and level, which means many of them are up for interpretation.
• The key to a fair Scrabble game is to come to a consensus on the debatable rules prior to playing.

Scrabble, a board game in which players create words in a crossword fashion with lettered tiles, was born out of one out-of-work architect's desire to lift the spirits of millions during the Great Depression in 1933. 

This April 13th marks Scrabble's 85th year of existence, and to commemorate the occasion, we've compiled a list of some of the most hotly contested Scrabble rules out there.

Whether you're playing for fun or competing professionally, these 10 obscure Scrabble rules are worth memorizing before your next match.

Any words found in a standard dictionary are permitted — except those that are "always capitalized, abbreviations, prefixes and suffixes standing alone, and words requiring a hyphen or an apostrophe."

The problem is that these rules leave too much room for ambiguity: dictionaries evolve over time, as does language and inflection. The easiest way to solve this rule is to buy (or look up) a Scrabble dictionary, and have all participating players agree on one dictionary prior to beginning the game.

Bluffing is allowed. In fact, a successful bluff could earn you major points.

According to David Bukszpan, author of "Is That A Word? From AA to ZZZ: The Weird and Wonderful Language of Scrabble" bluffing — or making up "phoney" words (the Scrabble term for bluffing) is totally ok.

He goes so far as to claim that it's a "critical aspect of the game," as is the ability to recognize when someone is lying, and calling them out on their falsehoods.

You can get a bingo in Scrabble.

A "bingo" occurs in Scrabble when a player uses all of their tiles in one turn.  If you get a bingo, you earn all the points for the word you played, plus an additional 50 points.

• Exercising too much or doing the same workout routine every day can actually do more harm than good in terms of weight loss.
• You shouldn't skip your morning cup of coffee since it can rev up your metabolism and keep you from storing excess fat.
• Sleeping more than eight hours a night has been linked to belly fat that can cause heart attacks, diabetes, and strokes.

There was a period of time when people thought smoking tobacco was healthy. Experts also downplayed just how detrimental sugar is to your health, and let’s not forget about the low-fat craze of the ’80s and early ’90s. All of this is to say: Certain once-believed “healthy” habits turned out to be anything but.

Science and research methods are ever evolving, which means weight loss recommendations are constantly being revised. That’s why nutritionists are constantly switching up their diets to stay lean. (More on that here.) To make sure you’re not falling victim to diet-derailing health myths or following antiquated advice, we’ve rounded up bogus “healthy” habits that will only leave you wider and softer than before. See which wacky health tips have fooled you — and then try these 42 Ways to Lose 5 Inches of Belly Fat to get back on track towards achieving your goals.

You replaced sugar with artificial sweeteners

As evidence continues to stack up against sugar, consumers are looking for ways to have their cake and eat it too — literally. To meet the demand, food makers are churning out sugar-free packaged foods like puddings, cookies, and soda — but don’t get it twisted; these options aren’t going to help you trim down. In fact, they may have the opposite effect on your gut. Many artificial sweeteners cause insulin (our body’s primary fat-storage hormone) to be released in your gut because they’re sweet like sugar.

Plus, when manufacturers take sugar out of products, they often add in bad-for-you fats like palm oil and cream to make up for the taste, They also use sugar alcohols, which can have a laxative effect if eaten in excess. The bottom line: If you’re craving something sweet, skip “sugar-free” options and eat what you’re really craving in moderation. (If you’re diabetic, consult with your doctor for healthy, safe ways to cut down on processed “sugar-free” foods in your diet.) For even more ways to dial back on the sweet stuff and clobber cravings, order your copy of the "Zero Sugar Diet" today!

You guzzle bottled water

You know how important it is to stay hydrated, which is why you’re never without a bottle of water by your side. While we commend you for getting your daily dose of H2O, you should seriously consider trading your throwaway bottle for the reusable, BPA-free variety. (We like S’well Bottles. They’re $35 on Amazon.com.) Bisphenol A, commonly referred to as BPA, can negatively impact fertility in both men and women and has also been linked to obesity.

Don’t believe it? The science doesn’t lie: A 2011 Harvard study found that adults with the highest concentration of BPA in their urine had significantly larger waists and odds of being obese than those in the lowest quartile. Fill your new BPA-free bottle with these 50 Best Detox Waters for Fat Burning and Weight Loss for a delicious twist on plain H20!

You work out daily

It’s great that you’re so committed to your workout routine, but if you’re spending all your free time sprinting and lifting you’re not giving your body enough time to recover and rebuild, which can increase your risk of injury and actually hinder your progress, explains Jay Cardiello, a fitness and nutrition expert who has sculpted the bodies of some of the music scene’s biggest superstars, including 50 Cent and J.Lo. To ensure you’re giving your body the downtime it needs to lean out, Cardiello suggests taking one or two days off per week.

• Body language is a major part of how we communicate.

• It's important to cultivate positive body language habits and avoid other behaviors that diminish how you appear to others.

• Slouching, shuffling, and aggressive eye contact are all body language habits that are best to drop.

It's not what you say, it's how you say it.

It's a cliché, but it's true. Body language is a crucial part of communicating. The way you act can warp the entire meaning of what you're saying.

That being said, bad body language habits are the often hardest habits to break. We become so accustomed to slouching, averting our eyes, or folding our arms that we barely even notice what we're doing.

Here are several body language mistakes that are going to be tough to ditch. Still, if you're able to quit them, you'll definitely thank yourself later.

SEE ALSO: 6 body language tricks that are hard to master but will pay off forever

DON'T MISS: You can tell someone's lying to you by watching their face — here are 12 dead giveaways

Fidgeting

If you've gotten into the habit of fidgeting, it can be difficult to snap out of it. But it's important to take steps to reigning in this nervous habit.

Fidgeting demonstrates nervousness and a lack of power, as body-language expert and "The Power of Body Language" author Tonya Reiman previously told Business Insider.

Playing with your hair

Leave your hair alone. Constantly running your hands across your scalp and twirling your locks is pretty distracting. Plus, as ABC reported, it can damage your hair overtime. It can be hard to quit, so try playing around a stress ball instead of your hair.

Adopting a defensive pose

Many people naturally cross their arms or hunch over a bit just because they don't know what to do with their hands.

However, this posture can make you look uncomfortable, defensive, or untrustworthy.

"You should always keep your hands in view when you are talking," Patti Wood, a body- language expert and author of "SNAP: Making the Most of First Impressions Body Language and Charisma," previously told Business Insider. When a listener can't see your hands, they wonder what you are hiding."

The Insider Picks team writes about stuff we think you'll like. Business Insider has affiliate partnerships, so we get a share of the revenue from your purchase.

There's nothing more frustrating than uprooting the contents of your entire kitchen in order to find the one ingredient, supply, or cooking tool that you need.

Pots, pans, utensils, accessories, dry ingredients, liquids — the list goes on. It's amazing how much stuff we keep in our kitchens, and how just one cooking stint pushes our pantries, cabinets, and fridges into states of entropy that can't be tamed. That is, unless you use the following organization methods to keep everything nice and neat. 

The difference in organization, free space, and your own mental state in the kitchen will be noticeable once you try storing all your kitchen foods and tools with these products. You can find all of them on Amazon, and most cost under $30, proving that the most effective fixes can also be affordable. 

Organize your kitchen with these top-rated and best-selling products from Amazon

Air-tight food storage containers

Royal Air-Tight Food Storage Container Set (5-Piece Set), $35.97, available at Amazon

See the before-and-after photos when we tried these containers here.

Transferring your packets and boxes of food into these containers of various sizes will immediately declutter your pantry. They have a lip lock mechanism to guarantee maximum freshness and are also safe for storing liquids. 

Magnetic spice tins

A heavy duty pan organizer

Extreme Matters Heavy Duty Pan Organizer, $29.97, available at Amazon

Arrange this organizer horizontally or vertically on your countertop or in your cabinets. The no-assembly-required rack prevents your pans from scratching against each other and lets you remove your desired pan without disturbing all the others. 

• When traveling, food can offer insight into the culture and history of a location.
• Avoid menus with photographs of the food, and instead choose ones with a limited number of options — it usually means that the chef is well versed in preparing those dishes. 
• Despite appearances, establishments that allow pets, or have unsavoury bathroom facilities, can often serve the best quality food. 

"Food is the easiest window into a culture and the most direct expression of character and history of a place,"says Anthony Bourdain. And he should know. As an former professional chef and now travel TV host, he's visited roughly 120 countries over the years.

Yet with so many choices these days, it can be frustrating (and tedious) to find great restaurants when you're traveling. Here's a Bourdain-approved cheat sheet.

SEE ALSO: There is one major difference between people who move abroad and those who don't, according to a recent study

1. No photos

"You want to go to a place where there's locals only. No photos of the food, the menu is not in English and there are people eating there that look like they go there a lot."

2. Look for just 3 things

"My favorite restaurants are ones where they only do two or three things. A place that does three things and it looks like they've been doing those same three things for a very long time — that's a really healthy sign. If they have a menu that's all over the place, if they have a hamburger or Asian fusion and it's not in Asia, these are all worrisome to me."

3. Don't stress about a dirty bathroom

"I used to say a dirty bathroom was a sign you should not be eating in a restaurant. I've learned the opposite is true. Some of the best food experiences I've ever had are places they really don't give a shit about that. They know their food is good and that's enough."

• Exercise routines can still be effective without gym equipment.
• Doing a 10-minute exercise routine composed of cardio and strength exercises can strengthen muscles and prevent a weak core.
• Running outdoors is one of the most effective ways to get fit, though it is important to vary the intensity of the workout and to take regular breaks. 

I'm in pretty good shape, overall: I run four to five times a week, do calisthenics, and do a decent amount of strength training. What I basically never do, however, is go to the gym.

I had a fitness club membership in the past, which I made use of a few times a week. However, over time, I came to realize that not only did I not need a gym to stay in shape, but I preferred the cardio exercise and strength training routines I could create for myself either outdoors or in my own home.

Whether you travel often, are tight on time, or are trying to save cash by dropping your gym membership, there's no reason you can't get in a great workout without a gym almost anytime and anywhere.

Most workouts that don't require gym equipment use one or more of the same three basic components: movement, gravity, and your own body.

SEE ALSO: 5 ways Japanese work culture is drastically different from the US

How to work out without the gym, according to a celebrity trainer

Ramona Braganza has worked with Scarlett Johansson, Ryan Reynolds, Anne Hathaway, Halle Berry, and Zac Efron — people whose livelihoods are largely predicated on their physical appearance.

Working with actors and actresses on set means Braganza rarely has access to gym equipment or weights and only short windows of the stars' time.

"I have to remain flexible with where I provide my short but effective 3-2-1 workouts," Braganza explained, referencing a circuit training program she uses that employs a 3:2:1 ratio of cardio, strength training, and core exercises.

"Often I don't have equipment and I'm not in a gym," Braganza says, but that doesn't stop her from delivering a 10-minute workout that includes cardio, strength training, and core exercise. For people who work office jobs where they sit or even stand for most of the day, strengthening to prevent a weak core and back muscles is essential, she adds.

The beauty of the workout routine Braganza shared with me is that you can do it just about anywhere, and it takes all of 10 minutes.

Ramona Braganza's 10-minute total body routine:

• First minute of cardio (start with standing ab crunches)
• Three minutes of strength training broken into three one-minute segments (tabletop heel taps, diagonal leg extensions, and glute bridges)
• Second minute of cardio (jumping jacks)
• Three more minutes of one-minute strength exercises (side-plank raises, Supermans, wall flatteners)
• Third minute of cardio (skaters)
• Minute of core (standard plank)

(This technically that comes out to 11 minutes, but let's not worry about that.)

How to work out away from a gym — according to people who run a gym

Natasha Lucero-Conklin, co-owner of the Sopris CrossFit gym in Carbondale, Colorado, and the gym's lead trainer, Ray Cooney, also had some amazing insight.

"There is little better in the fitness world than running sprints, doing push-ups, and doing air squats,' he said. When planning an effective outdoor workout, "don't get too focused on the movements themselves, focus on how they are done.' He recommends constantly changing the intensity and speed of your movements, which will help vary the metabolic stimulus of the workout.

Cooney and Lucero-Conklin shared three CrossFit-inspired routines that anyone can try — and all that's required is some open space and a good dose of willpower.

On Tuesday afternoon Nasim Aghdam opened fire at YouTube's headquarters in San Bruno, California.

She shot three people — though none fatally — and was found dead of a self-inflicted gunshot wound to the chest.

Here, moment by moment, is how the event unfolded.

This post will be updated as more information emerges.

April 2, 2018: Nasim Aghdam is reported missing from her hometown of San Diego, California. Her father is worried she may be heading for YouTube HQ, and tells police.

April 3, 2018, around 2 a.m.: Police find Aghdam asleep in her car in Mountain View California, speak to her, and let her go.

Officers recognised Aghdam's plates from the missing person report. They spoke to her but ultimately chose to leave her alone.

It is unclear whether they knew about the warning from her father. Mountain View is half an hour's drive from San Bruno.

12:46 p.m.: San Bruno police receive the first 911 calls from people at YouTube HQ reporting gunshots.

• Mt Gox was the world's biggest bitcoin exchange but collapsed in 2014 after a fatal hack.
• CEO Mark Karpeles took to Reddit on Wednesday to answer questions.
• He pledged to redistribute any bitcoins or the value of bitcoins he may receive once bankruptcy proceedings wrap up.

LONDON — The CEO of collapsed bitcoin exchange Mt Gox said he will do his best to return the hundreds of millions of dollars of cryptocurrency to those who lost out when the exchange blew up in 2014.

Mark Karpeles took to Reddit on Wednesday to do an "as me anything" (AMA) session, answering questions from former customers who had lost out in Mt Gox's collapse.

Japanese-based cryptocurrency exchange Mt Gox was once the biggest bitcoin exchange in the world but collapsed four years ago after suffering a huge hack, losing around 850,000 bitcoins. 

Japanese bankruptcy law means that creditors of the bankrupt exchange must log their claims in Japanese yen. Assets of the bankrupt company are then liquidated to pay back creditors and any remaining funds will be returned to the company.

Bitcoin has surged in value since the collapse of Mt Gox, which held around 200,000 bitcoin when it went bust. This holding was worth around $150 million in 2014 but is worth $1.35 billion today.

This means bankruptcy administrators could sell just a fraction of its holdings to repay those lodged claims in yen shortly after the collapse. The remaining bitcoin would be returned to Mt Gox, which is majority owned by Mark Karpeles.

This has angered many of Mt Gox's 24,000 former customers, who will be unable to benefit from the rise in bitcoin's price and feel it is unfair that Karpeles instead will reap the benefit.

Karpeles, who was CEO of Mt Gox at the time of its collapse, took to Reddit on Wednesday to insist: "I don't want this billion dollars. From day one I never expected to receive anything from this bankruptcy."

He called the situation "an egregiously distasteful outcome" and said: "I just want to see this end as soon as possible with everyone receiving their share of what they had on MtGox so everyone, myself included, can get some closure."

Karpeles declarations were part of an AMA (as me anything) session on Reddit on Wednesday. Here are the key takeaways from his long discussion session:

SEE ALSO: 'This is horse s---': Bitcoin traders are angry that Mt Gox's crypto stash is being 'dumped' on the market

DON'T MISS: Crypto investors are hopeful that Mt Gox's bitcoin sell-off will be halted until September

NEXT UP: The CEO of bitcoin exchange Mt Gox described what it was like to discover he had been hacked: 'It felt like I was about to die'

Karpeles is pushing for 'civil rehabilitation' so he can return bitcoin to customers

Mt Gox is currently in bankruptcy proceedings in Japan but Karpeles said he is pushing to move the company into "civil rehabilitation."

Civil rehabilitation is a little like Chapter 11 bankruptcy in the US. This process would allow Mt Gox to return customers' bitcoins to them rather than liquidating assets to repay debts in yen. 

"In Japan, Civil Rehabilitation mostly means plans are submitted to the court, approved plans are submitted to creditors for voting and whatever plan creditors choose is implemented," Karpeles wrote. "The plan can be about re-opening the exchange, merger with another exchange or just straight distribution and closing the company.

"We aren't there yet however since the court still has to approve for MtGox to switch back from bankruptcy to Civil Rehabilitation, which will hopefully happen soon."

Even if Mt Gox can't move into civil rehabilitation, Karpeles said he will personally return any bitcoin he is given to the company's creditors. However, creditors would get less as Karpeles would have to pay tax on any bitcoin he is given.

Mt Gox's bankruptcy administrators have sold $400 million-worth of bitcoin since the end of last year as part of efforts to repay debts. Some market participants have blamed these large sales on the recent bitcoin price crash. Karpeles said he is asking administrators to hold off any further sales for the moment.

Karpeles lost 35 kg in Japanese prison in four months

Karpeles was arrested in early 2015 by Japanese police investigating the collapse of Mt Gox and spent just under a year in jail before being bailed.

He said he "would not recommend" Japanese prison, joking that it had "poor service, bad food."

Karpeles said he "lost 35 kg in 4 months" in jail, adding: "I wouldn't recommend this to anyone."

"Lunch was actually two breads with jam (strawberry, orange, etc so there'd be some variation day to day) and a small extra," he wrote.

The case against Karpeles is still ongoing but he wrote: "I am innocent. Proving this in front of a Japanese court is a challenge but I'm not giving up."

Silk Road could have been as much as 30% of Mt Gox's traffic

Mt Gox's heyday coincided with Silk Road, the "dark web" marketplace for drugs, weapons, and more that used bitcoin as its main currency.

Silk Road was shut down by the FBI in October 2013 when its founder Ross William Ulbricht was arrested.

Karpeles was asked how big Silk Road's influence over Mt Gox's exchange was, as at the time it was the main exchange to buy and sell bitcoin on.

He wrote: "We didn't have an exact estimate, but following Ulbricht's arrest and shut down of silk road we noticed a drop in activity which allowed put a figure on that at around 20%~30%."

Ulbricht, who was 29 when he was arrested, was sentenced to life in jail for drug trafficking.  Asked about the punishment, Karpeles wrote: "Evidence seems clear enough it was him, and there is, of course, a need to make an example of him as first ever such case, but it's sad for someone that young to have to spend life behind bars."

Karpeles was also asked about what Mt Gox did to stop child traffickers who accepted bitcoin through sites such as Backpage.com.

"MtGox cooperated as much as possible with law enforcement when presented with valid requests that did not infringe privacy of the MtGox userbase in general," he wrote.

• The richest people in the world found success at various ages.
• Warren Buffett spent over 25 years as a millionaire before becoming a billionaire, while it took Mark Zuckerberg only one year to graduate to billionaire status.
• Tech appears to be the fastest wealth-building industry; the richest people in tech averaged five years as millionaires before becoming billionaires.

The richest people in the world met success and wealth at various stages in life.

Facebook cofounder Mark Zuckerberg became a billionaire wunderkind at just 23 years old, while Berkshire Hathaway founder Warren Buffett's long-game investing strategies finally cemented his billionaire status at 56 — about 26 years after he first joined the seven-figure club.

Buffett and Zuckerberg are now the third and fifth richest people on earth, respectively.

Betway, an online betting site, used Forbes 2018 Billionaire's List and Bloomberg's Billionaire Index to find out how long it took the richest people in the world to go from millionaire to billionaire. The blog looked at when each person first appeared on either list, and also gathered news reports and rankings to pinpoint their age at the time. When it wasn't possible to find an exact age, Betway Insider made an estimate based on the individual's first big success in business.

Tech appears to be the fastest wealth-building industry; the richest people in tech averaged five years as millionaires before becoming billionaires.

Below, how long it took the richest people in the world to go from millionaire to billionaire. The list excludes two people — Françoise Bettencourt-Meyers and Mukesh Ambani — who both inherited their billions, skipping the millionaire stage completely. All current net worth figures are from Forbes' real-time ranking as of April 4.

SEE ALSO: To a billionaire, the cost of a trip to Bali is like buying a candy bar — here's what spending looks like when you're that rich

DON'T MISS: The world's richest people spend $234 billion a year on luxury goods — here's how much they spend on yachts, private jets, wine, and clothes

Sheldon Adelson: 41 years

Net worth: $38 billion

Source of wealth: Chairman and CEO, Las Vegas Sands

Millionaire age: 27

Billionaire age: 68

Lee Shau-Kee: 27 years

Net worth: $30.7 billion

Source of wealth: Real estate

Millionaire age: 36

Billionaire age: 63

Warren Buffett: 26 years

Net worth: $84.8 billion

Source of wealth: Chairman, Berkshire Hathaway

Millionaire age: 30

Billionaire age: 56

The Insider Picks team writes about stuff we think you'll like. Business Insider has affiliate partnerships, so we get a share of the revenue from your purchase.

The Insider Pick:

• It can be very handy to have an inflatable air mattress for a camping trip or when guests visit your home. The SoundAsleep Dream Series Air Mattress with ComfortCoil Technology & Internal High Capacity Pump is our top pick because it's comfortable, easy to inflate, and big enough for two to sleep comfortably.

Air mattresses come in handy when your in-laws drop by for an impromptu weekend visit, or when your kids develop a tendency to bring friends home for sleepovers. But air mattresses can also be great in case of emergencies, or if you’re a camper or hiker who needs a comfortable way to sleep in the great outdoors. No matter how your air mattress helps your life, we’ve found a perfect pick for you.

There are a number of factors that go into finding the perfect air mattress: comfort, ease and time to inflate/deflate, height, firmness, air pressure and retention, manufacturing materials, and portability, to name a few. Great air mattresses vary widely in price, as well, so we’ve kept that in mind as we’ve scoured expert consumer lists and real live user reviews to bring you this Insider Picks Guide to the perfect air mattress for any purpose.

Updated on 04/05/2018 by Malarie Gokey: Updated prices, added extra buying options, and linked to related buying guides.

Read on in the slides below to learn why the SoundAsleep Dream Series Air Mattress is our top pick and why you might prefer the Insta-Bed Raised Air Mattress, the Intex Pillow Rest Raised Airbed, the ALPS Mountaineering Air Bed, and the AeroBed Mattress for Kids.

SEE ALSO: The best mattress you can buy

The best air mattress overall

Why you'll love it: The SoundAsleep Dream Series Air Mattress tops the charts for comfort and performance, and the satisfaction guarantee means you’ll get the most out of your investment.

The SoundAsleep Dream Series Air Mattress has gotten rave reviews for comfort and performance. The company’s ComfortCoil Technology means the mattress is packed with 40 internal air coils so it stays firm and supportive without drooping or sagging throughout the night. SoundAsleep’s built-in pump means it’s easy to inflate and deflate the Dream Series Air Mattress, but it does take about four minutes to complete a cycle.

The Queen size mattress is big enough for two house guests to sleep comfortably, and the raised dual chamber 19-inch height makes it easier to climb in and out of bed without having to climb all the way down to the floor. There is a Sure-Grip textured layer lining the bottom of the mattress to prevent late-night slipping and sliding on hardwood and glossy floors.

On the other side, the mattress’ surface layer is extra thick and waterproof to avoid mildew and bacteria caused by night sweats and to prevent against punctures, nicks, and tears. According to SoundAsleep, the PVC and top flocking materials used in the mattress are completely eco-friendly.

Since the SoundAsleep Dream Series Air Mattress is meant specifically for in-home use, it’s not the most portable option on the market. It weighs in at about 20 pounds, but it does come with a convenient carrying case for toting the deflated mattress around your house or from room to room. Best of all, SoundAsleep’s year-long satisfaction guarantee and great reputation for customer service mean that your air mattress investment will be well-spent and protected.

Pros: A year-long satisfaction guarantee and great customer service back up this comfortable, durable, top-ranked air mattress

Cons: The higher price tag and 20-pound product weight make this air mattress less than ideal for customers on-the-go or looking for a camping bed

Buy the SoundAsleep Dream Series Air Mattress on Amazon for $119.95 (originally $199.95)

The best quick-inflating air mattress

Why you'll love it: With a lower price tag and lower height profile, the Insta-Bed Raised Air Mattress is still comfortable, durable, and easy to use.

Insta-Bed’s Raised Air Mattress may be a bit of a misnomer, only because the main downside to the mattress is its lower height profile. It’s only about a foot off the ground when fully inflated, which could make nights difficult for anyone whose priority is accessibility. Other than height, Insta-Bed nails all the expected features of an inflatable air mattress. The built-in Insta III AC pump is billed as 20% quieter than other popular airbed pumps, and it inflates and deflates quickly and easily, again, in about four minutes.

The top layer is made of flocked PVC material just like our top pick, providing water resistance, damage resistance, long-term durability, and a soft, comfortable surface for a good night’s sleep. Construction on Insta-Bed’s Queen-sized bed includes 35 circular air coils, which is only slightly lower than the SoundAsleep’s 40. Beneath the bed, the bottom layer is protected with Sure-Grip texturing so your guests won’t slide around their room in the night.

Insta-Bed’s option is considerably lighter, weighing about 13 pounds and still comes with an easy carrying case. Although the Insta-Bed Raised Air Mattress is more than $30 cheaper than our top pick, it is still protected by a one-year warranty and reportedly great customer service. The airbed comes in one color and in two sizes: twin and queen.

Pros: More affordable without compromising comfort and durability, this air mattress is still guarantee-protected and built to last

Cons: The lower height profile means this airbed is harder to get in and out of, especially for grandparents and anyone with injuries

Buy the Insta-Bed Raised Air Mattress with Insta III Pump on Amazon for $65.30 (originally $97.24) 

Buy the Insta-Bed Raised Air Mattress with Insta III Pump at Walmart for $65.30

The best budget air mattress

Why you'll love it: For a budget option, the Intex Pillow Rest Raised Airbed doesn’t sacrifice comfort or reliability and even includes a built-in pillow.

The most appealing thing about the Intex Pillow Rest Raised Airbed is the price tag. For less than $40, it's a great option for budget air mattress shoppers. The queen size mattress measures 60 x 80 inches, and it does stay pretty low to the ground at 16.5 inches high. It offers the same style of flocked top PVC surface as comparable air mattresses at much higher price points.

The integrated electric pump takes the standard four minutes or so to inflate and deflate, and users say that the Intex air mattress stays firm and well-inflated without losing air throughout the night.

A nice and unexpected addition to this affordable air mattress is the built in pillow, which raises the surface of the mattress just slightly where your guests will rest their heads. Water- and puncture-resistant materials keep the mattress comfortable and clean, and the bed still comes with an easy carrying case despite its serious affordability.

There’s no warranty or customer satisfaction guarantee with the Intex air mattress, but at $39.50 you can hardly expect it to last a lifetime.

Pros: Built-in pillows and all the comfort and durability of a name brand air mattress, without the high price tag

Cons: Low height profile is less than ideal, and no warranty or customer satisfaction promise mean this air mattress isn’t guaranteed to last

Buy the Intex Pillow Rest Raised Airbed with Built-in Pillow and Electric Pump on Amazon for $42.99 (Queen)

Buy the twin Intex Pillow Raised airbed with Built-in Pillow and Electric Pump at Walmart for $24.97

Bill Gates may be on a mission to eradicate extreme poverty, but he's not going to do it by focusing on the "developing" world anymore.

"I talk about the developed and developing world all the time, but I shouldn’t," Gates wrote in a new blog post this week. 

His new resolution to eradicate "developing" and "developed" from his vocabulary was spurred by the release of the book"Factfulness," written by his good friend and Swedish statistician Hans Rosling. Rosling died of pancreatic cancer last year, bit his book is out post-mortem, after his son and daughter-in-law finished the final pages for him. 

Gates called it"one of the most educational books I've ever read." and said the world would be better if millions of others read it, too.  

Factfulness is Rosling's final  attempt to change the fatalistic ways that he says most people view the world. He wants us to know that statistically speaking, things aren't as bad as we might think. He believes we rely too much on a set of emotion-fueled "instincts" to frame the state of the world, painting a much gloomier-than-reality picture of everything from global education to healthcare and natural disasters. 

One of the biggest ways he hopes to do this is by replacing the binary framework of one "developing" world pitted against another "developed" world. 

Instead, he says it's more useful (and accurate) to think of world income levels in four distinct brackets. While someone living in Level 1 might use their fingers to rinse and brush their teeth each night, a person living in the Level 4 income bracket would more likely plug their electric toothbrush in for a charge when they're done sudsing up their pearly whites. 

But it's not just Rosling who's changing his global income vocabulary. The World Bank now uses a similar four-tiered system to talk about income levels, too. And Gates wants to be next.  

"I’m going to try to use this model moving forward," the billionaire philanthropist wrote on his blog Tuesday. 

Here's how the four global income levels break down: 

SEE ALSO: The author of one of Bill Gates' favorite books says the world isn’t as apocalyptic as you might think - here are five of his top reasons why

Level 1: People live on less than $2 a day. Rosling estimates that one billion people are living at or below this threshold. They get around on their own two barefoot feet, cook over an open flame like a cookfire, fetch water in a bucket, and sleep on the ground.

Some people living in countries like Nepal, Madagascar and Lesotho all fall into this income category.

Lesotho, Rosling says, has the lowest life expectancy of any country in the world. 

Level 2: This is the income group where the majority of the world's people live. They get by on between $2 and $8 a day and might have some possessions like a bicycle, a mattress, or a gas canister for cooking at home.

Countries like Bangladesh, China, Zambia and Nigeria all have people living in this income level, but of course many Chinese and Nigerian people have much higher incomes, especially if they live in big cities.

That's one of the reasons that Rosling argues it's silly to lump entire countries and sections of the world into broad categories like "developing" versus "developed." It's meaningless. 

Level 3: This is the second most populous category on Rosling's list, after level 2. People in level 3 live on anywhere from $8 a day to $32. They have running water, might own a motorbike or car, and their meals are a rich and colorful mix of foods from day to day. They also probably have electricity and a fridge, which makes things like studying and eating enough varied nutrients easier.

Egypt, Palestine, the Philippines and Rwanda all have citizens living on this level.

They might have enough money to take small vacations, and their children are generally free to finish high school, because they don't have to drop out early to make money for their family. 

• Instagram is powerful tool for up-and-coming photographers to use for gaining both clients and fans.
• This year to help celebrate its 100th anniversary, the camera company Nikon hosted a photography competition via Instagram, featuring 100 up-and-coming photographers on their account.
• We've chosen our favorite 20 photographers to follow.

This year, Nikon — as part of the camera company's 100th anniversary— is celebrating by highlighting 100 young, up-and-coming photographers on their Instagram.

Handpicked by the Nikon team, these photographers entered by using the hashtag #Nikon100 on their Instagram posts. The hashtag, which received an overwhelming number of entry posts — 64,658 to be exact— were analyzed and chosen based on technical skill. A wide range of subject matter was considered, and entries came in from all over the world.

All the photographs were taken with Nikon camera gear, and winners were announced on Nikon's Instagram for a 100 days in a row. Below, see 20 of the 100 hand-picked winners. 

SEE ALSO: 15 stunning, award-winning travel photos that will give you serious wanderlust

Steph Depifanio creates nature and wildlife photographs that have exciting color, texture, contrasts, and composition.

Follow Steph Depifanio @octoberpumpkin

Andy C. is a Los Angeles-based photographer who's been practicing for five years. He loves sharing his own perspective with people from all over the world.

Follow Andy C. @andy.c.photography

Since he was ten, Adam Woodworth has been fascinated with the night sky and shares his experiences under the stars with others through his photography.

Follow Adam Woodworth @awoodworthphoto

NASA is sending a mission to Mars this year. But don't get your space suit zipped up just yet: The trip is for a solar-powered lander, not people.

The NASA inspection kit is named InSight, and it's a hefty, 794-pound Martian lander. InSight (aka Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport) is set to blast off for Mars from California's Vandenberg Air Force Base before dawn, at around 4 a.m. Pacific on May 5, 2018.

Scientists at NASA say the lander will give the Red Planet a 4.5 billion year-overdue "checkup." InSight has three main objectives on Mars: taking the planet's temperature, measuring its size, and checking out how much it's shaking things up by monitoring for "Marsquakes."

Take a look at what the roughly $828 million mission will do:

SEE ALSO: NASA wants to send humans to Mars in the 2030s — here's the step-by-step timeline

The trip to Mars won't happen overnight. It takes about six months for the InSight lander to travel the roughly 301 million miles from southern California to Martian soil.

NASA says"the launch may be visible in California from Santa Maria to San Diego" if conditions are clear.

InSight will be hoisted aboard an Atlas V rocket along with a couple of tiny, toaster-sized cube satellites that will then fly off separately to Mars. 

It will all weigh about 730,000 pounds when it's fully fueled and ready for blastoff.

Source: NASA

If everything goes according to plan, InSight will land on Mars on November 26, 2018.

• Ulta Beauty is opening new stores while many other retailers are closing them. 
• One reason for Ulta's success is that it carries both luxury and drugstore brands, allowing it to appeal to shoppers on a variety of budgets.
• Rival beauty store Sephora, on the other hand, focuses on stocking luxury brands. 
• We went to an Ulta and a Sephora to see how the two stores stacked up against each other. 

While many other retailers close their doors, Ulta Beauty reportedly plans to open at least 100 new stores in 2018. 

According to CNBC, the beauty retailer is entering new markets, adding stores in existing markets, and remodeling old stores to stay relevant. Ulta carries upwards of 500 brands, ranging in price from $3 to more than $100, which is nearly double what luxury beauty rival Sephora carries. Since its stores offer a full suite of beauty services, Ulta competes not only with other beauty retailers, but with drugstores and salons as well.

Another reason Ulta is seeing success is that 90% of its locations are in suburban strip malls instead of enclosed shopping malls, meaning that it isn't heavily affected by the ongoing decrease in shopping mall foot traffic. 

Sephora has more locations in shopping malls than Ulta, though it's taking action to move out of malls and open smaller locations, called Sephora Studios, to supplement decreasing mall traffic. It's also bringing in more exclusive product releases and running programs such as Sephora Accelerate, a beauty startup accelerator. 

To see how Ulta and Sephora stacked up against each other, we visited both stores back to back. This is what we found:

SEE ALSO: We went to a Kohl's store and saw how it's bucking the trend of dying department stores and malls

My first stop was Ulta. The only Manhattan location is on the Upper East Side, right next-door to a Sephora.

The inside was bright, and the employees were all very bubbly. A Benefit Cosmetics promotion was advertised in the entryway, with high-end cosmetics to the left and drugstore brands on the right.

I started making my way through the more affordable side of the store. It had a huge display of the popular brand NYX cosmetics, which is generally available in drugstores and online.

The Insider Picks team writes about stuff we think you'll like. Business Insider has affiliate partnerships, so we get a share of the revenue from your purchase.

Lets face it, the worst part about traveling is actually getting to your destination.

Feeling cramped while sitting next to people you probably don't know for several hours isn't fun, but having the right tech with you can make it easier.

Whether you want to tune people out and sleep, or get engrossed in a good book or game, you'll find what you're looking for here.

SEE ALSO: 26 things we always pack when we travel

SEE ALSO: I travel all the time, and these are the 10 things I never get on a plane without

Noise-cancelling headphones

Sony WH1000XM2 Noise Cancelling Headphones, $348, available at Amazon

If you've ever been on a flight with a screaming baby or a seat neighbor who refuses to stop talking, you'll immediately understand the value of noise-cancelling headphones. This pair from Sony has the best noise cancellation I've experienced, and it also has an additional travel-friendly feature that puts it over the top. 

Placing your hand over the right ear cup will lower the volume of the audio you're listening to and activate the headphones' microphones. This lets you hear announcements and communicate with flight attendants without having to take the headphones off. I've used this feature for myself, and it's pretty amazing.

An HD tablet

Fire HD 8 Tablet, $79.99, available at Amazon

Amazon makes the best cheap tablets, and the HD 8 is what I recommend taking on trips if you don't feel like paying a premium for an iPad.

The HD 8's screen is bigger than the one mounted in the seat-back entertainment system in most planes, and you can load it with the movies, music, and books that you actually want to consume. Its widescreen design makes watching videos especially enjoyable in my experience, and the fact that you can now download TV shows and movies from Netflix and Prime Video onto it for free is pretty great.

An e-reader

Kindle Paperwhite E-reader, $119.99, available at Amazon

I was a Kindle holdout until late last year, but I've become a total convert; my daily commute is now an excuse to catch up on classics I missed in high school. While you can read Kindle books through apps available on phones and tablets, reading on an actual Kindle is a superior experience. 

The high-resolution e-ink screen on the Kindle Paperwhite has an almost paper-like quality that doesn't strain your eyes like a traditional LED screen would. Its back lights let you read in darker environments, which is nice because  nobody wants to be "that person" who turns on the overhead light on a plane while others are trying to sleep.

Plus, the Kindle Paperwhite's battery will last a lot longer so you won't have to worry about being left with a cliffhanger in midair.

San Franciscans obsess about burritos the way New Yorkers fawn over pizza and bagels.

I recently set out to find the best very burrito in the City by the Bay.

For this list, I analyzed noteworthy burrito rankings from Zagat, FiveThirtyEight, Thrillist, Yelp, FourSquare, The Daily Meal, and local blog SFist. A burrito that placed on three or more rankings made my list of establishments to try. I ordered the closest thing to a "regular" burrito at each restaurant (a "super" burrito gets you cheese, sour cream, and guacamole or sliced avocado for a few bucks more) and picked whatever meat option sounded good to me.

This was not a data-driven review, as FiveThirtyEight did masterfully with its nationwide burrito bracket in 2014. But I listened to my gut. Here are the results.

SEE ALSO: What it's like to attend a $90 'pot brunch' where guests eat gourmet food and get high

San Francisco may not have invented the burrito, but it arguably perfected it.

The burrito was born on the farmlands of Mexico in the 19th century, where workers brought their lunches of beans and salsa in corn tortillas. Over the next 100 years, the gut-busting food made its way north to a Latin neighborhood of San Francisco known as the Mission.

Local restaurateurs riffed on the Mexican food staple, adding extra rice and other ingredients. The burrito got bigger. Its low cost caused it to take off.

Today, you can find what's called the Mission-style burrito in dozens of San Francisco taquerias, as well as over 2,000 Chipotle locations worldwide.

After rounding up a list of the best burritos in San Francisco, I headed to the Mission (and South of Market for one special burrito that made the cut) to find the definitive best.

Here are all the taquerias I visited.

Taqueria Pancho Villa – 3071 16th Street, San Francisco, CA