Instagram rarely depicts real life. We spend a long time carefully curating our feed, making sure we've added the right filter, or photoshopped out a skin imperfection, or piece of trash on the floor.

This is probably doubly true for parenting bloggers, who have to deal with not just their own mess, but that of their children too.

Wren Kitchens teamed up with five of the UK's top parenting bloggers to see behind the photos they upload. Often, there's quite a lot of chaos going on in the background.

Here are five Instagram shots, with everything that goes on behind the scenes too.

For every perfectly placed plate of cakes, there's a screaming child in the background.

"Every meal is completely unpredictable — some can go amazingly well, while others… not so much. It took two of us to distract Emma and coax her out of having a complete meltdown," said mum and lifestyle blogger, Bridie By The Sea.

"Despite the absolute chaos we had caused in the kitchen, it was a success. It's all about balance — enjoying the moment together regardless of mess and chaos."

Californian Mum in London, Elfa, said she feels the pressure to make life look perfect and glossy on Instagram.

"I mainly try to ignore those pressures, it's tough enough being a mother these days," she said. "While I will sometimes share the better photos and not share the utter mess of my life, I like my blog and social media to be a fairly accurate portrayal of my family life."

The end result may look amazing, but there's always going to be mess to clean up afterwards.

The Insider Picks team writes about stuff we think you'll like. Business Insider has affiliate partnerships, so we get a share of the revenue from your purchase.

If you missed out on its Anniversary Sale earlier this summer, Nordstrom is now giving you another opportunity to save up to 40% on favorite designer brands.

The Summer Sale runs now through September 9, and while it may not be at the scale of the Anniversary Sale, it's still a great place to find remaining summer inventory and fall transitional pieces for less. The sale is one of many going on through Labor Day weekend. 

Some brands and startups that the Insider Picks team loves, like Cole Haan, Mahabis, Pixie Mood, Tommy John, and Bellroy, are enjoying discounts that you won't find on their main sites, so we would recommend shopping these deals while you can. 

We've highlighted the best clothing, shoe, accessories, home, and beauty deals from the Summer Sale below, but you can also shop the categories directly with these links: 

• Women's sale
• Men's sale
• Home sale
• Beauty sale

Shop the Nordstrom Summer Sale here

Women's clothing

Shop the women's clothing sale at Nordstrom here

• Cinq a Sept Avalon Peplum Hem Silk Top, $124.97 (originally $395)[You save $270.03]
• Reformation Hattie Off the Shoulder Linen Dress, $87 (originally $198)[You save $111] 
• Eliza J Chiffon Maxi Dress, $94.80 (originally $158)[You save $63.20] 
• Halogen Belted Cashmere Kimono, $112.49 (originally $225)[You save $112.51]
• Ming Wang Mandarin Collar Stitch Trim Jacket, $78.75 (originally $225)[You save $146.25]
• Mural Colorblock Coat, $63.98 (originally $128)[You save $64.02] 
• Cole Haan Signature Single Breasted Wool Blend Coat, $99.90 (originally $258)[You save $158.10]
• Vince Camuto Mini Houndstooth Skinny Ankle Pants, $39.49 (originally $79)[You save $39.51]
• BLANKNYC The Varick Crop Flare Jeans, $58.80 (originally $98)[You save $39.20]

Women's shoes, handbags, and accessories

Shop the women's shoe sale at Nordstrom here

Shop the women's handbags and accessories sale at Nordstrom here

Shoes: 

• Topshop Hooray Ring Slide Sandal, $9.90 (originally $40)[You save $30.10] 
• Geox Marlyna Wingtip Mule, $64.90 (originally $129.95)[You save $65.05]
• Gentle Souls by Kenneth Cole Rory Loafer Mule Sneaker, $59.96 (originally $99.95)[You save $39.99]
• Steve Madden Lancer Sneaker, $37.46 (originally $69.95)[You save $32.49]
• Italeu Florence Water Resistant Bootie, $187.50 (originally $375)[You save $187.50] 
• Sorel Tivoli III Waterproof Boot, $77.98 (originally $130)[You save $52.02]
• Mahabis Classic Convertible Indoor/Outdoor Slipper, $49.90 (originally $109.95)[You save $60.05] 

Handbags and accessories:

• BAGGU Leather Phone Crossbody Bag, $50.40 (originally $84)[You save $33.60]
• Sole Society Fluri Faux Leather Backpack, $35.96 (originally $59.95)[You save $23.99] 
• Pixie Mood Elli Large Faux Leather Satchel, $41.98 (originally $70)[You save $23.02]
• Treasure & Bond Semiprecious Mismatched Linear Drop Earrings, $19.49 (originally $39)[You save $19.51] 
• Shiraleah Ripley Scarf, $19.80 (originally $33)[You save $13.20] 

Men's clothing

Shop the men's clothing sale at Nordstrom here

• Treasure & Bond Marled Crewneck T-Shirt, $24.49 (originally $49)[You save $24.51] 
• Mizzen + Main Seneca Trim Fit Dot Performance Sport Shirt, $62.49 (originally $125)[You save $62.51]
• North Face ThermoBall Active Quilted Jacket, $74.98 (originally $150)[You save $75.02]
• Michael Kors Mixed Media Quilted Jacket, $95.92 (originally $295)[You save $199.08] 
• 7 For All Mankind Adrien Slim Fit Jeans, $99.49 (originally $199)[You save $99.51]
• Nike Tribute Jogger Pants, $32.49 (originally $65)[You save $32.51]
• Bonobos Summer Weight Slim Fit Stretch Chinos, $48.98 (originally $98)[You save $49.02]
• Nordstrom Men's Shop 3-Pack Supima Cotton Boxer Briefs, $17.25 (originally $34.50)[You save $17.25]
• Tommy John Air Trunks, $22.49 (originally $45)[You save $22.51] 

Putting millions of dollars into bold new technologies can be a delicate business when lives hang in the balance. But every day some of the sharpest minds in Silicon Valley make big bets on tools and techniques that promise to cure disease, help fix the food system, and even prolong life.

Biotech is one of the hottest sectors for venture-capital funds right now.

In January, startup accelerator Y Combinator announced details of its plan to launch a new biotech track focused on advances in the life sciences. Some of the biggest recent buzz in the sector has centered on new ways of tackling cancer using patients' own immune systems, fresh therapies built on gene-editing tools like CRISPR, and potentially revolutionary techniques for making meat without factory farming.

"We like to back things that are unlike anything we've ever seen before," said Mohammad Islam, a principal at VC firm DFJ, which recently invested in Memphis Meats — one of the startups aiming to make real meat from animal cells.

In addition to the venture capitalists on this list, Business Insider spoke with entrepreneurs and CEOs to gauge the top young biotech stars. These are the most interesting and ambitious biotech investors, age 40 and under, on the West Coast:

SEE ALSO: DNA-testing company 23andMe has signed a $300 million deal with a drug giant. Here's how to delete your data if that freaks you out.

DON'T MISS: A top Silicon Valley startup founder got interrupted when he showed a slide of new female hires, and it's a lesson to other companies

Laura Deming, one of the youngest fund managers in the US, wants to create an antidote to aging.

Title: Founder, Longevity Fund

Age: 24

Laura Deming has defied the limits of age from the time she was 12. That's when she moved halfway around the world to study under Cynthia Kenyon, a renowned molecular biologist who specializes in the genetics of aging.

Deming began her college education at MIT at age 14. The prodigy dropped out to pursue a career developing antiaging technology through Peter Thiel's fellowship program.

Now, Deming has founded her own $22 million venture firm, the Longevity Fund, as well as a startup accelerator in an effort to spur entrepreneurs hunting down treatments for aging-related diseases. Among the fund's investments are Alexo Therapeutics, a startup developing cancer therapies, and Unity Biotechnology, an antiaging drug company.

An engineer by training, Mohammad Islam left a job with the CIA to fund big ideas "unlike anything we've seen before."

Title: Principal, DFJ

Age: 28

Before becoming a principal at the Silicon Valley venture-capital firm DFJ, Mohammad Islam used his background in engineering to work on the technical team of In-Q-Tel, the CIA's VC arm.

At DFJ, Islam focuses on "frontier technologies" like machine intelligence and biotechnology — arenas where startups would essentially be creating brand-new markets for their goods.

He's especially excited about companies like Memphis Meats, which aims to get its first cell-based duck and chicken products in restaurants by year's end, and Zymergen, a robot-powered factory that turns bacteria into new materials.

Blake Byers is an engineer, scientist, and entrepreneur who has been leading investments at Alphabet's venture arm GV since 2010.

Title: General partner, GV

Age: 33

Blake Byers, the son of famed venture capitalist Brook Byers, started doing biomedical research as a high-school student at Stanford University. His research spanned biomedical engineering, stem cells, Parkinson's disease modeling, and more, resulting in multiple journal papers and patents.

Byers continued running research projects throughout his academic training and his early years working at GV (formerly Google Ventures).

As an investor, Byers partners with founders of life science and digital health companies — such as Collective Health, a startup offering tech-savvy tools for managing health benefits, and genetics-testing company 23andMe — to create a global health impact.

He also helped incubate a new cell-therapy company, Pact Pharma, which is working on technology that reprograms a cancer patient's immune system cells to attack the disease. Byers has raised over $125 million for the company while serving as interim CEO. Pact will announce a new CEO later this year.

There is more TV than any human being can keep up with these days. So if the slew of fall TV shows is overwhelming you, you've come to the right place. 

We know how hard it is to prioritize TV, so we did it for you. In our fall preview, we made a list of all the notable TV shows returning this fall, and explained whether or not you should watch them (and why). This week, it's a smaller list of the shows that we predict everyone will be talking about, like the sixth and final season of "House of Cards," mixed with new shows like "The Chilling Adventures of Savrina" that will gain momentum over time — and you'll be the first  to tell everyone about them. 

Here's 11 must-watch new and returning shows this fall:

SEE ALSO: 7 great movies you can watch on Netflix this weekend

"Forever"— Amazon

September 14.

"American Vandal"— Netflix

September 14. 

"Sorry for Your Loss"— Facebook Watch

September 14. 

Elizabeth Olsen and Kelly Marie Tran lead this dark comedy about grief that was made to watch on social media. It could be Facebook Watch's first real hit.

• The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is a massive area measuring more than 1.6 million square kilometers, but it's just part of the North Pacific Gyre, an ocean region where currents collect plastic.
• Researchers from the Ocean Cleanup foundation conducted a survey of plastic in the area, using planes to observe from the sky and boats to trawl the water.
• They found that the amount of plastic there seemed to be increasing exponentially and that there could be 16 times as much as previously thought.

There's far too much plastic in the world's oceans, and the problem continues to build up.

Every little bit of plastic that gets tossed into the ocean or swept downstream out to sea either sinks or is picked up by currents. Much of it is eventually carried into one of five massive ocean regions, where plastic can be so concentrated that areas have garnered names like the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

On Saturday, the Ocean Cleanup Foundation plans to deploy a massive plastic-collecting array with the hope that it can remove plastic debris from this part of the ocean. Some ocean researchers who study plastic pollution have questioned the plan, saying it may not be able to effectively remove enough plastic to be worth the cost and that it may harm marine life. But until it's out in the water, we won't know how much of an impact it'll have. If they deem it successful, the foundation hopes to launch a whole fleet of similar devices.

While "garbage patch" might make you think of something you pass by on the side of the road, the Great Pacific Garbage Patch in the North Pacific Ocean is less like a patch and more like a massive swirling vortex more than three times the size of Spain and more than twice the size of Turkey or Texas.

And it's growing and collecting more plastic rapidly, according to a study published in the Nature journal Scientific Reports by researchers associated with the Ocean Cleanup Foundation.

There may be more than 16 times as much plastic in the vortex than previous studies have estimated, according to the researchers behind the study.

An aerial view of the Great Pacific Garbage Patch might at first appear to be open water. But inside there's debris from all over the world — debris that traps or is eaten by marine animals, filling up their bodies to the point of being fatal and tainting our food supply.

More than 320 million metric tons of plastic are produced every year — and a disturbing amount ends up in the ocean, with much of it accumulating in places like the Great Pacific Garbage Patch.

SEE ALSO: A 22-year-old is moving ahead with a controversial plan to trap plastic floating in the great Pacific garbage patch

DON'T MISS: A 51-year-old just began a 5,500-mile swim across the Pacific Ocean from Japan to San Francisco

Much of the Ocean Cleanup foundation's data on the Great Pacific Garbage Patch comes from a 2015 expedition involving 18 vessels.

The Ocean Cleanup, a Dutch organization started by a young entrepreneur named Boyan Slat, wants to launch a somewhat controversial effort to clean up the Great Pacific Garbage Patch and has conducted research about the scale of the problem.

The ships trawled the waters using manta trawl nets outfitted with mesh to catch as much plastic as possible.

The area they focused on is a particularly concentrated part of one of the five global gyres where ocean currents collect plastic from around the world.

Week 2 of the college football season is here, and that means another Saturday of non-stop action.

Like most weekends in the fall, there is no shortage of games to choose from. But even though most teams have only played one game, we already have a sense of which teams are in the playoff hunt and which games are the most important.

This week we have two top-25 matchups, three contenders going on the road against good opponents, a big-name coach looking to rebound, and one in-state rivalry with a silly trophy on the line.

Here are the college football games to watch this weekend.

UCLA @ No. 6 Oklahoma

Network and Time: Fox, 1:00 p.m. ET

Records: UCLA (0-1), OU (1-0)

CFB Playoff Power Rankings: Oklahoma (7)

Why it is important: Two things can happen in this game: 1) The Bruins rebound from an embarrassing Week 1 loss at home to Cincinnati in Chip Kelly's first game and show they are on the right track with a competitive performance; or 2) The Sooners prove that their offensive and defensive dominance over FAU — they led 56-0 in the third quarter — was not a fluke or a product of FAU being less than people expected. Either way, we are going to learn a lot about these two teams in this game.

No. 3 Georgia @ No. 24 South Carolina

Network and Time: CBS, 3:30 p.m. ET

Records: Both teams are 1-0

CFB Playoff Power Rankings: Georgia (3)

Why it is important: It seems that experts are split on whether or not Georgia is in the same class as Alabama and Clemson or if they are just the best of the rest. They get their first chance to lay claim to the former this weekend as they go on the road for their SEC opener against an improved Gamecocks team. Last season, South Carolina played Georgia tough in Athens, falling, 24-10, in a game that was close in the second half. It was the fewest points Georgia scored at home all season.

Iowa State @ Iowa

Network and Time:  Fox, 5:00 p.m. ET

Records: Iowa (1-0), Iowa State (0-0)

CFB Playoff Power Rankings: Both teams are unranked.

Why it is important: If you enjoy in-state rivalry games and silly trophies, this is a sneaky good one this weekend as they battle for the CyHawk Trophy. Iowa has won three in a row in the rivalry, including a 44-41 overtime win a year ago. More importantly, from a national perspective, every few years the Hawkeyes sneak into the national picture with a strong season. 2018 could be one of those years, after Iowa woke up in the second half of their Week 1, 33-7 win over Northern Illinois. Meanwhile, Iowa State is not a contender in the Big 12, but they are scrappy enough that they will be a factor in who does win the conference.

Tech titans like Amazon and Microsoft aren't the only ones that are benefitting from the mass migration of businesses to the cloud.

As cloud computing becomes more ubiquitous in the IT industry, those same cloud giants are ramping up the amount they're spending on servers and data center equipment — and that's great news for those vendors from whom they buy their hardware and software. 

Today, public clouds account for just 20% of all computing workloads, but that percentage could grow to 48% by the end of 2020, according to Morgan Stanley.

In a report published on Tuesday, analyst Katy L. Huberty forecast that global capital expenditure spending among 14 major cloud companies  will increase 35% in 2018, up from 16% growth in 2017. Morgan Stanley estimates that Google, Amazon, Facebook and Microsoft alone will account for 73% of that growth in 2018. 

These forecasts are based on spending at the companies which Morgan Stanley identifies as the most likely to invest in cloud infrastructure. It also includes other capital expenditure investments that the company might make, as well. 

Those dollars — spent by companies with large cloud businesses like Google, in addition to those who run their own clouds to power their business, like Facebook — will greatly benefit the vendors that sell data centers, servers and networking equipment. 

These are the 8 companies Huberty said have the most to gain from the growing cloud industry.

SEE ALSO: Goldman Sachs was an early backer of Uber, Dropbox and Spotify — here's what its CFO says the bank looks for in a startup investment

Arista

Aspeed

CyrusOne

College football is back, and even though the top teams have played just one game, we already have a sense of which schools have the best shot to make the fifth installment of the 4-team playoff at the end of the season.

There were a lot of telling games in Week 1, as the opening slate of games gave us some near-upsets, some disappointing performances in matchups of ranked teams, and some good teams that looked even more dominant than expected.

We still don't know precisely how the committee picks the final four teams, but we have learned a few things over the years. We know they like the SEC and Alabama. We know they generally prefer conference champions if most other criteria are in the same ballpark. And we know they don't like to give bids to Pac-12 and Big 12 teams in the same year.

With what we have learned so far, we have some idea of what teams need to do to make the playoff. Below, we ranked the top 20 teams in the country based on their chances to make the playoff.

20. Miami

Record (AP Rank): 0-1 (22)

Last week's result: Lost to LSU, 33-17.

Last week's playoff rank: 6

Key games remaining: The schedule is in Miami's favor this season, with Florida State at home. Their toughest road game is Virginia Tech late in the year. 

One thing to know: It was tempting to drop Miami completely and put Virginia Tech here. The Hurricanes looked terrible in a game that was not as close as the score suggests. But it also hard to get too excited about a VaTech win over a team that went 7-6 last season. If Miami fans want a silver lining, their 1983 championship team lost, 28-3, in Week 1 before turning it around and running the table. The schedule suggests it is doable, but even if they can, they will be severely outgunned again if they face Clemson in the ACC title game.

19. UCF

Record (AP Rank): 1-0 (19)

Last week's result: Beat UConn, 56-17

Last week's playoff rank: 19

Key games remaining: UCF does not face a team ranked in the preseason top 25, but does close the season on the road against South Florida.

One thing to know: After missing out on the playoff in 2017, UCF could put pressure on the playoff committee if they run the table and dominate their opponents. So far, so good.

18. Mississippi State

Record (AP Rank): 1-0 (18)

Last week's result: Beat Stephen F. Austin, 63-6

Last week's playoff rank: 18

Key games remaining: The Bulldogs have Auburn at home in early October and then play road games at LSU, Alabama, and Ole Miss. 

One thing to know: New coach Joe Moorhead inherited a lot of talent from Dan Mullen, who left for Florida. That included dual-threat QB Nick Fitzgerald who was suspended for Week 1. 

• A Bugatti is the ultimate luxury in the automobile world, thanks to its fine craftsmanship and multi-million dollar price tag.
• Bugatti's recently released Chiron costs around $3 million — and there are only 200 left.
• The buying process for a Bugatti, called the Molsheim Experience, allows potential buyers to take a Bugatti for a test spin at the brand's headquarters in France before creating their own customized vehicle.

It's hard to think of a more glamorous car than a Bugatti. 

Limited, luxurious, and lavish, a Bugatti comes with a multi-million dollar price tag for its elite status — and the process to buy one can be just as exclusive as the car itself. Dubbed the Molsheim Experience, pre-qualified potential buyers are hosted at Bugatti's headquarters in Molsheim, France, for the day.

After touring the grounds, they take a Bugatti out for a test spin before stepping into the brand's customer lounge to create a custom, tailor-made vehicle that fits their specific preferences. 

Currently up for sale is Bugatti's Chiron and Chiron Sport, which cost around $3 million. Recently released, there are only about 200 left that can be made.

From exploring the historic grounds of Bugatti's headquarters to hitting the roads of France, take a tour of the Molsheim Experience below. 

SEE ALSO: The new Ritz-Carlton luxury cruise ships for the '1% of global travelers' look like incredible super yachts — here's a look at all the amenities and perks

DON'T MISS: Watch how a Bugatti Veyron is made

A Bugatti is the ultimate indulgence for any car lover.

Several celebrities own the multi-million dollar car, from Cristiano Ronaldo and Ralph Lauren to Floyd Mayweather Jr and Simon Cowell.

Source:Elite Traveler

Beyoncé also gave Jay-Z a Bugatti Veyron Grand Sport for his 41st birthday.

Source:Elite Traveler

• Residents in 16 cities across America are spending a higher share of their income on rent than the national level, according to Zillow. 
• It's toughest for low-income earners.
• Home prices have increased faster than incomes since the recession, and rising mortgage rates are making the market more expensive. 

Housing is getting more unaffordable across America. 

That's largely because since the recession, home prices have been rising faster than incomes, and builders aren't able to keep up with the demand for affordable housing. 

It's affecting both homeowners who pay mortgages and people who rent. According to Zillow, the median US rent requires 28.4% of the median income, up from the historic average of 25.8%.

The financial burden is worst for low-income renters. In Los Angeles for example, rent costs more than 100% of the typical income for the lowest-earning residents. "That leaves few options to realistically afford rent and other expenses on a typical income, outside of a housing subsidy, doubling up with roommates or taking on a second or even a third job to help make ends meet," Zillow said in its report. 

The list below, based on Zillow's data, highlights the US cities where the share of income spent on rent during the second quarter was higher than the overall national level of 28.40%, and is ranked from the least to the most. Financial planners generally recommend spending no more than 30% of gross income on rent. 

In all 16 cities, renters are spending more of their money on housing than the historic trend. 

SEE ALSO: Morgan Stanley is urging its super-rich clients to pull out of one of the market's hottest corners, and it's a warning shot to the US economy

Dallas-Fort Worth, Texas

Median income: $54,876

Share of income spent on rent: 28.40%

Historic share of income spent on rent (1985-2000): 21.8%

Sources: Zillow, Census Bureau

Houston, Texas

Median income: $47,010

Share of income spent on rent: 28.80%

Historic share of income spent on rent (1985-2000): 24.40%

Sources: Zillow, Census Bureau

Portland, Oregon

Median income: $58,423

Share of income spent on rent: 29.90%

Historic share of income spent on rent (1985-2000): 23.50%

Sources: Zillow, Census Bureau

• McDonald's salads were identified as the possible source of a parasitic illness outbreak that has sickened more than 500 people across 16 states.
• After more than two decades as a foodborne-illness attorney, food-poisoning expert Bill Marler says there are some items that he will never order at restaurants. 
• The food-poisoning expert eats raw fish at sushi restaurants — but says there is a reason why you should consider skipping salad when going out to eat.

A deep knowledge of thousands of food-poisoning cases across the United States means that there are some things that Bill Marler just won't order when he goes out to eat. 

With more than two decades working as a food-poisoning advocate and attorney, there are simply some things that Marler has cut out of his diet. Marler has won more than $600 million for clients in foodborne-illness cases — and has seen how restaurants are being forced to change to prevent more sicknesses. 

"Chain restaurants, post-Jack-in-the-Box, they went through a sort of rethinking about how they do stuff," Marler said. 

Today, many of the biggest risks for food poisoning at chain restaurants come from an individual worker who "picked his nose then made your burrito," Marler said. The action of a rogue restaurant worker can make a handful of people sick — but usually won't spark a huge outbreak. 

However, there are some foods that Marler avoids when he goes out to eat. That includes salad — a choice that has renewed relevance with a parasitic illness outbreak that has sickened more than 500 people across 16 states, including 24 hospitalizations. The outbreak, caused by the cyclospora parasite, has been linked to McDonald's salads, and the fast-food chain has removed the menu item from 3,000 locations that may have been affected by the outbreak.

Here are the foods that Marler said scare him the most when he spots them on a restaurant menu: 

SEE ALSO: McDonald's salads linked to parasitic illness outbreak that has sickened more than 160 people in 10 states

Salads

Your healthy choice is actually one of the riskier options on the menu at chain restaurants. 

"I'd eat sushi before I ate a salad," Marler said. "I wouldn't eat it at a 7-11, but I've eaten sushi at a good sushi restaurant." 

While cooking veggies and meat can kill germs, salads bring together a lot of raw foods that have had countless opportunities for contamination. Restaurants that buy pre-chopped lettuce from suppliers put themselves at even greater risk.

"Not every lettuce leaf in the field is contaminated E. coli, but some of them are," Marler said of the risks of pre-washed, bagged lettuce. "And when you mix and match it at a processing facility and chop it up, you get what you get." 

Soft-serve ice cream

Cleanliness of ice and ice cream machines can cause huge problems when workers aren't following safety guidelines. There's a grossness factor of finding mold in soft-serve ice cream machines — but there are also real risks. 

"There have been a number of cases linked to listeria, where listeria will get into the inner workings of these ice cream machines and kill people," Marler said. 

Rare meat

Marler agrees with known-germaphobe President Trump on at least one thing: well-cooked meat is the way to go.

"Skip the medium hamburger and get it well done, and just add a little ketchup like the president," he said. 

According to the expert, meat needs to be cooked to 160 degrees throughout to kill bacteria that could cause E. coli or salmonella.

• Over the past 20 years, the commercial aviation industry has come to be dominated by Airbus and Boeing.
• Airbus and Boeing each own roughly 50% of the global commercial airliner market.
• Airbus is relatively new when compared to Boeing. While Boeing has been around since 1916, the Airbus consortium did not come together until 1970.
• Airbus currently boasts a production backlog of around 7,500 planes while Boeing's backlog is around 5,900 aircraft.

Airbus versus Boeing is one of the great rivalries in business today. On par with the likes of Coke versus Pepsi or Ford versus GM.

However, it wasn't always this way. Not that long ago, the world of commercial aviation was filled with names like McDonnell Douglas, BAe, Saab, Lockheed, Fokker, and even Convair. 

But these days, if you fly, it'll probably be either an Airbus or a Boeing.

Boeing is the elder statesman of the two. Founded in 1916, the Boeing Company is now an aerospace and defense juggernaut that is America's largest industrial exporter. 

The company we know today as Airbus can trace its history back to an agreement signed in July 1967 by the French, German, and British governments to strengthen their cooperation in the field of aviation technology.

Included in the agreement is a clause that called for the governments to "to take appropriate measures for the joint development and production of an airbus."

It was a decision made out of necessity, Richard Aboulafia, an aviation industry analyst for the consulting company Teal Group, told Business Insider. 

At the time, American firms like Boeing, McDonnell Douglas, and Lockheed were growing in strength and influence around the world. European manufacturers, once commercial aviation's leaders in innovation, were feeling the pinch. 

Together they formed a consortium called Airbus to counter the might of America's aviation giants. 

The consortium would be based at the headquarters of Sud Aviation in Toulouse, France where it remains today. 

Here's a closer look at how Airbus became Boeing's greatest rival:

SEE ALSO: The incredible history of the Boeing 737, the best-selling airliner of all time

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By the 1960s, European plane makers had proved they could build really good jetliners. The Brits had planes like the Hawker Siddeley Trident and...

... The de Havilland Comet.

The French produced the Sud Aviation Caravelle.

• Macy's and JCPenney are two of the biggest department stores in the United States.
• A number of factors, including the rise of e-commerce, declining foot traffic to malls, and a higher demand for off-price products, have caused department stores to suffer in recent years. 
• Macy's reported in August that comparable sales were up 0.5% in the most recent quarter, marking the third consecutive quarter of sales growth for the brand.
• JCPenney reported quarterly sales growth of 0.3% for the second quarter in August.
• We visited both stores, and the difference between them was drastic. 

Macy's and JCPenney are two of the most well-known department stores in the United States, and each has been around for over 100 years.

But department stores are no longer in their heyday. The rise of e-commerce, declining foot traffic to malls, and a higher demand for off-price products are just some of the factors that have caused department stores to suffer in recent years. Several department-store chains, including both Macy's and JCPenney, have recently closed locations across the country as they struggle to adapt to shoppers' changing habits.

Macy's, however, has appeared to be on the upswing. It reported in August that comparable sales were up 0.5% in the most recent quarter, marking the third consecutive quarter of sales growth for the brand. When we visited the store, it was packed with shoppers looking for clothes, electronics, food, furniture, and more.

JCPenney reported quarterly sales growth of 0.3% for the second quarter in August. Business Insider's Mary Hanbury reported in July that part of why JCPenney has been struggling as of late is that it has had difficulty reaching its core customer. 

We visited both stores' locations in Manhattan's Herald Square, and it couldn't be more clear why Macy's is seeing some success while JCPenney has struggled: 

SEE ALSO: We went shopping at Nordstrom and Bloomingdale's to see which was a better department store, and the winner was clear

Macy's in Herald Square was the first store I visited.

I was immediately overwhelmed. There were people everywhere, and there was so much to see in each direction that I wasn't sure where to go.

Right by the entrance were a handful of tech displays, including a wall of TVs ...

• Starbucks just opened its first-ever store in Italy. It's one of only three Reserve Roasteries in the world.
• The Roasteries are seen as more upscale than the typical Starbucks location. Starbucks has plans to open several additional Roasteries over the next two years. 
• The Milan Reserve Roastery has unique features like a Scolari coffee roaster manufactured just miles outside of Milan, an Arriviamo bar serving more than 100 cocktails, and an affogato station where ice cream is made to order using liquid nitrogen.

Starbucks just opened its first-ever store in Italy, and it's unlike any other Starbucks in the world. 

The Starbucks in Milan is one of three Reserve Roasteries in the world, along with the new locations in Shanghai and Seattle. Starbucks plans to open additional Roasteries in New York later this year, and in Tokyo and Chicago in 2019.

The Roasteries are seen as more upscale than the typical Starbucks location. Customers typically spend four times more in the company's Reserve Roastery locations than in a traditional Starbucks, according to a company spokesperson. 

Starbucks' first Italian location is largely inspired by Milan itself. It uses bright colors to celebrate Milan's history of fashion and design, and it uses bronze and marble elements to blend in with Milan's architecture. The Roastery also features a Scolari coffee roaster manufactured just miles outside of Milan, and has unique features like a Arriviamo bar serving over 100 cocktails and an affogato station where ice cream is made to order using liquid nitrogen.

Though this is Starbucks' first store in Italy, the brand has long been informed by Italian coffee culture. Starbucks' former longtime CEO and chairman, Howard Schultz, has said he was inspired to develop Starbucks as a destination coffee shop after a 1983 visit to Italy. According to Reuters, however, the $2.09 Starbucks is asking for an espresso is nearly double what local Italian coffee shops typically charge. 

Take a look inside the stunning new Milan Roastery: 

SEE ALSO: We compared Dunkin' Donuts' 'store of the future' with Starbucks to see which was a better coffee shop. Here's the verdict.

The new Reserve Roastery is in Milan's Palazzo della Poste on the Piazza Cordusio.

Surrounding the entrance to the Roastery is a floor-to-ceiling visual representation of Starbucks' history and its coffee. Customers can use the Starbucks app to learn more about anything on the wall.

The interior of the Roastery is huge, and the design was inspired by Milan itself.

Theranos' star was shining bright going into 2015. 

The darling blood-testing startup had racked up a $9 billion valuation with its big vision to test for a number of conditions off just a small sample of blood, and its CEO Elizabeth Holmes was featured on the cover of business magazines and lists of top executives. But then questions started being raised about how the company's technology worked. 

As Wall Street Journal reporter John Carreyrou details in his new book, "Bad Blood: Secrets and Lies in a Silicon Valley Startup," the events leading up to the imminent downfall of the company started unraveling even years earlier. The book gives a behind the scenes look into the events propelled the biotech startup, Theranos, into chaos and deceit.

In June 2018, Holmes stepped down as CEO of Theranos, remaining with the company as a founder and chair of the board. She was also charged with wire fraud by the Department of Justice. On Tuesday, Theranos told investors that it was shutting down, The Wall Street Journal reported. 

Here are the events that contributed to the rise, the fall, the pivot, and now criminal charges of the once promising company founded by Holmes. 

SEE ALSO: The reporter who broke the Theranos saga wide open pinpoints the moment he knew he had a big story on his hands

DON'T MISS: The rise and fall of Elizabeth Holmes, who started Theranos when she was 19 and became the world's youngest female billionaire before it all came crashing down

Elizabeth Holmes dropped out of Stanford University in 2003 at the age of 19 to start Theranos, which was then called Real-Time Cures. She was inspired both by her grandfather's medical career, and her summer 2003 internship at the Genome Institute of Singapore. Briefly after the internship she wrote up a patent application for an arm patch that had the ability to diagnose and treat medical conditions.

Shaunak Roy, a PhD student Holmes was assisting in Professor Channing Robertson's lab, joined her at Theranos in May 2004 as its first employee. Robertson joined the company's board as an adviser.

In order to raise initial funding, Holmes leveraged several family connections. The first two investors in Theranos were Tim Draper, the father of her childhood friend and former neighbor, and Victor Palmieri, one of her father's long-time friends. By the end of 2004, Holmes had raised nearly $6 million.

• Sintra, Portugal, a picturesque city 15 miles outside of Lisbon in the Sintra Mountains, is home to numerous palaces, villas, mansions, castles, and churches.
• The most stunning of the sights in Sintra is the Pena National Palace, built in 1840 according to the exacting specifications of King Ferdinand II, who wanted the palace to be a melting pot of architectural styles and colors.
• The palace is said to have inspired King Ludwig II's German castle, Neuschwanstein, which inspired Walt Disney's castle at Disneyland.
• Though the palace and the surrounding grounds are undoubtedly crowded with tourists in the summer, it is an absolutely can't-miss, dreamy sight that visitors are unlikely to forget. 

I almost didn't go.

After spending several weeks running around Lisbon, Porto, the sun-drenched beach region of Algarve, and everywhere in between, I thought: Why not relax on my last day in Portugal and avoid a place often described as "Disneyland for adults"?

What a mistake that would've been.

Only 15 miles from Lisbon, Sintra is about as fairy-tale Portugal as it gets. Designated as a Unesco World Heritage Site, the picturesque city is on the Portuguese Riviera and among the Sintra Mountains, a verdant range dense with pines, oaks, and wildlife. It's long been known as the setting of several myths, legends, and supernatural happenings in Portugal.

The otherworldly air is enhanced by the numerous palaces, villas, mansions, churches, and castles ensconced in the forested mountain peaks.

While there are more than half a dozen sites to visit, the most stunning two, in my opinion, are the Pena National Palace and the Castle of the Moors. The architectural feats — built in 1840 and the ninth century, respectively — best exhibit how Sintra has been a romantic destination throughout the ages.

The Pena Palace is made of dreams. At the top of a hill to be visible in every direction, and often enveloped in fog, the palace is a tapestry of colors and styles ranging from Romantic to Islamic to Gothic, surrounded by 500 acres of winding paths, gardens, and exotic trees.

You're likely to feel as if you are walking into a magical kingdom — I certainly did on my recent visit to the palace and the surrounding castles and gardens in Sintra. Here's what it was like.

SEE ALSO: I ate at the most beautiful McDonald's in the world, with crystal chandeliers, stained glass windows, and outrageously delicious pastries

I got to Sintra in the late afternoon, which turned out to be a blessing in disguise. While there was still an hour line to get into the Pena Palace, the crowds had started to thin. In the summer months, many of Sintra's sights are open until 7 or 8 p.m., so I still had plenty of time.

The ticket seller recommended I visit the Castle of the Moors before Pena Palace, as by the time I was done there would no longer be a line. When in doubt, a hard and fast rule of travel is "trust the locals." The walk to the Castle of the Moors gave me my first look at the dense forests of the Sintra Mountains.

The Castle of the Moors was constructed in the eighth and ninth centuries by the Muslim Moors who conquered Portugal and Spain in medieval times. Numerous structures — like this tomb — make up the complex.

• Shoppers across the country are buying more and more makeup: usage increased 6% in the last year.
• MONEY spoke with former Sephora employees, and they shared how the store encourages you to spend more — and which items aren't worth their prices.
• Four products they said you shouldn't buy are: travel-sized products, sunscreen and moisturizer, mascara, and makeup brushes.

Though there's no such thing as wearing "too much" makeup, you could be spending too much on it.

Shoppers across the country are buying more and more makeup: usage increased 6% in the last year, according to market analytics firm NDP Group. And Sephora, the nation's top beauty seller, plays a key part in enabling this trend.

The retail store's products almost universally have aesthetically pleasing packaging and targeted branding, making them an enticing splurge. But you shouldn't be quick to pick up every item that catches your eye. Former Sephora employees have revealed to MONEY how the store encourages you to spend more — and which items aren't worth their high prices.

Here are the top four products former Sephora employees recommend you do not buy from the store.

SEE ALSO: We tested out the rewards programs at Sephora and Ulta, and the winner was clear for one key reason

SEE ALSO: We test tons of skin care brands at work — but these are the 16 we keep coming back to in our everyday lives

SEE ALSO: I worked at Sephora, and here are the things you should know about shopping there

1. Travel-sized products

Many Sephora locations have bins of small, travel-sized products lining the checkout area, a strategy many stores use to stimulate impulse buys. The tiny, cheaper products may seem like a better deal than the full-sized options, but employees warn against the temptation: "They are super high-priced and not worth the value," says former employee and beauty blogger Tiffany Colon.

For example, take Clinique's Dramatically Different Moisturizing Gel. Sephora sells the product in four versions: a trial size, mini size, regular size, and value size. But if you break down the price per volume, the moisturizer costs 33 cents per milliliter, 29 cents per mL, 22 cents per mL, and 20 cents per mL, respectively — meaning you're paying a premium for the smaller products.

If you want to try an item, but don't want to commit to purchasing it yet, you can always ask for a sample. Julia McNamee, a beauty blogger and YouTuber at JuliaxBabee who used to work at a Sephora store in Willow Grove, Pennsylvania, says Sephora employees will give you a free sample of any product — even lipsticks and eye shadows. "They'll literally give you two to five try-ons, depending on how generous the girl is who is giving you the sample," says McNamee.

2. Sunscreen and moisturizer

Skincare accounts for one of Sephora's three biggest product sections (alongside makeup and fragrances), according to employees. But for skincare essentials like sunscreen and moisturizer, YouTube beauty blogger Nathalie Nieves says you should skip Sephora's high-end products and just head to your local drugstore.

"Moisturizers are so overpriced these days for the quality and the ingredients they require," Nieves says. "It's insane, it's way too much."

Nieves, who worked in the skincare section at one of Sephora's New York stores, says drugstore moisturizer and SPF sunscreens (such as those by Cetaphil and Aveeno) work just as well as Sephora products for a fraction of the price. According to Consumer Reports, name brands don't always equal quality — it's more important that the sunscreen lives up to its SPF claim and for sunbathers to apply (and reapply) often.

3. Mascara

If you're shopping in the drugstore for moisturizer, you might want to stock up on mascara, too. Freelance makeup artist Ivy Boyd says drugstore mascara works just as well as the luxury version — and costs much less. The price difference in drugstore and high-end mascara prices is sizable: Walgreens sells mascara from brands like Maybelline and Rimmel for around $5, while Sephora's full-sized selections start around $12 and can retail for as much as $70, if the name Christian Louboutin is involved.

• Earlier this year Netflix was hiring someone to watch Neftlix all day.
• While to some, this might seem like the dream job, it is by no means the strangest job out there.
• Bellow are 11 jobs that sound too weird to be true.

When you ask what someone does for a living, the likelihood of hearing a job related to marketing, finance, events, or technology is high. But perhaps if chance has it, you'll meet someone with one of today's wackiest, out-there jobs, such as pet detective, professional apologizer, or Fortnite tutor.

That's right, thanks to the popularity of video game Fortnite, parents are willing to hire tutors for their children with the hope they'll qualify for a college scholarship in esports. Meanwhile, Netflix is literally paying people to "Netflix and chill," hiring them to binge-watch TV shows and movies. The wealthy 1% is also paying big bucks to interior designers who will decorate and furnish their private jets. Sounds nice, right?

Here are 11 out-there and wacky jobs.

SEE ALSO: 3 mistakes I made when I started my company that I'll never make again

SEE ALSO: Credit card startup Deserve raises $17 million to help young people build their credit in a system that makes it way too hard

SEE ALSO: Elon Musk is worth about $23 billion and has never taken a paycheck from Tesla — here's how the notorious workaholic and father of 5 spends his fortune

Fortnite tutor

Turns out your video game obsession could also make you good money. The highly popular game, Fortnite, which took the world by storm this past year, has become so widespread that parents are actually looking to hire Fortnite tutors for their children. With hopes that a Fortnite tutor will help their children up their gaming skills enough so to land them a college scholarship for esports, these gaming instructors are making up to $20 an hour by simply mentoring other aspiring gamers.

Pet food taster

Before feeding it to pets, companies like to test pet food on humans first. That's why a pet food taster is actually a real thing. However, don't underestimate the responsibilities of a pet food taster. If you're hoping to go into the business of pet food, a background in science or nutrition will better your chances. In addition to taste-testing pet food (and usually spitting it out after), pet food testers also write up reports and seek nutritional improvements on lines of pet foods.

Pet detective

Move over Ace Ventura — pet detectives are not just in the movies. People are willing to pay big bucks to hire help finding their lost or stolen pets. If you've got a good eye for finding things and a soft spot for furry friends, becoming a pet detective could be the right move. There are a number of companies and entrepreneurs that offer pet detective services and some even get paid up to $1,000 a job.

• There are several reasons Walmart is as successful as it is: It has a huge selection, convenient store hours, and — most importantly — cheap prices.
• Even with Walmart’s already-competitive prices, smart shoppers can do even better.
• Some of the ways to save more money are: use their savings catcher tool, get a price match, and use the Walmart credit card strategically. 

There are several reasons Walmart is as successful as it is: It has a huge selection, for instance, and convenient store hours. (In most places, Walmart is open 24/7 pretty much every day except Christmas.) But for most people, the primary reason to shop at Walmart — or on its website — is the cheap prices.

That said, smart shoppers can do even better than just paying Walmart’s vaunted “everyday low prices.” To really save money at Walmart, use the strategies laid out below.

SEE ALSO: Walmart employees dish on what it's actually like to work at the retail giant

SEE ALSO: This little-known Walmart service fixes the most annoying things about grocery shopping

SEE ALSO: Kroger is launching free delivery on thousands of items in a new offensive against Walmart, Amazon, and Target

1. Look for clearance and rollback sales

Many stores use deep discounts on specific items — sometimes know as “loss leaders” because they don’t yield profits directly — to draw shoppers in. The hope is that, while you’re there, you’ll browse and buy other high-price (and high-profit) goods. Walmart, on the other hand, is famous for delivering low prices on virtually everything it sells. It’s a model that assures shoppers they can buy pretty much anything in the store without having to worry they’re overpaying.

When Walmart does offer discounts below those everyday low prices, however, is when the true bargains appear. In-store and online shoppers should specifically hunt for items marked as “Rollbacks” — language indicating that Walmart has recently cut the price indefinitely — and for clearance sales, which generally feature the deepest discounts. The location of clearance sections varies at different Walmart stores, but many stores put them in the “end caps,” the shelves at the end of an aisle. Start your search there, and ask an employee for guidance if you need it.

To hunt for similar deals online, head to the “Special Offers” section and filter your search to retrieve only items marked as clearance and rollback sales.

2. Shop Walmart’s big sales events

No season, holiday, or special sales event passes without big promotions and sales from Walmart. Depending on what time of year it is, you’ll find a slew of seasonal deals at Walmart: back-to-school supplies, Halloween decorations, winter apparel, lawn mowers, patio furniture, barbecue grills, and so on.

On Thanksgiving, Black Friday, Cyber Monday, and throughout the entire winter holiday shopping season, Walmart stores and walmart.com are loaded with deals on TVs, toys, video games, Christmas sweaters, home goods, and more. Periodically, Walmart will launch random giveaways — like free donuts for National Doughnut Day, or phenomenal markdowns on popular items, like this summer’s huge Instant Pot sale.

Stay in the loop with Walmart promotions by downloading the Walmart app or by signing up for an online account and registering for the Walmart newsletter. You might also want to follow the company’s Twitter account and like them on Facebook, where Walmart shares more info about special offers and sales.

3. Take advantage of fast free shipping

Walmart and Target have very similar free shipping policies — and thankfully they’re generous and easy to understand.

At Walmart, online shoppers get free two-day shipping for millions of items if the total purchase is $35 or more. (Target has essentially the same policy, with free two-day shipping on most orders of $35 or higher.) Be sure to bundle your purchase to hit that $35 threshold, because otherwise you’ll be wasting money on shipping.

• From Utah to Pennsylvania, people across all 50 states search for money-related terms like "student loans" and "property tax" to research their financial options.  
• In the last 12 months, searches for "tax bill" are up 1,000% and searches for "certificate of deposit" (CD) have increased as interest rates are on the rise. 
• Here are the most "Googled" money terms in each state and various cities, including District of Columbia. 

Have you ever turned to the internet for help making a financial decision or managing your money? If so, you're not the only one, according to our recent study of online searches.

We wanted to see what money questions people are Googling and how those queries vary from state to state and city to city. We also included the District of Columbia in our research.

To find out what Americans are searching for, we collected and analyzed results for popular money-related search terms, from getting a credit card to managing retirement accounts. Here's what we found.

Key findings

Using Google Trends, we found that a few money-related search terms have become more popular throughout the US in the past 12 months.

• The new tax bill and the Equifax data breach have been among the biggest money-related news topics in the past year. Searches for "tax bill" are up 1,000%, and people are searching more often for both "Equifax" and "Equifax data breach."
• Queries for cryptocurrency-related terms have shot up. Searches for "Bitcoin value" and "Bitcoin price" were more common around the time the cryptocurrency 's value peaked in late 2017. This event also bumped up similar searches for other cryptocurrencies, such as Ethereum, Litecoin, and Ripple.
• People are searching for "deposit account" and "certificate of deposit" (CD) more often. With interest rates on the rise, savers might have more incentive to find high-yield savings accounts or take advantage of CDs.
• An increasingly popular source of personal finance advice is Reddit. One of the fastest-growing queries related to this topic is for the "r/personalfinance" subreddit. Searchers also want to find the "Reddit personal finance flowchart."

The most-Googled money term in each state

Through our Google Trends analysis, we found that money-related queries can and do vary across the nation. In some states, online users are focused on their debt; in others, they look ahead to save for retirement. And some states' residents are focused on scraping by.

Even within a state, the financial topics users Google vary by city and metropolitan area. While Angelenos worry about their debt, for instance, people in San Francisco search for investment- and tax-related terms.

Below are the full results of our analysis of the personal finance-related search terms we researched. You can find the most-searched money topics in your city or state and see how you compare to others in your area.

They reveal what financial questions people in your area have or what money moves they're preparing to make. Maybe you have the same questions, or perhaps you're already well-informed about that aspect of managing your finances.

SEE ALSO: The 30 rudest cities in America, where manners are basically a foreign concept

Alabama: 'build credit'

• Birmingham: "loan payment"
• Mobile: "buy a car"
• Montgomery: "credit score,""student loan forgiveness,""bankruptcy"

Overall, Alabamians are most concerned with managing their credit and payments, with top searches such as "build credit" and "loan payment."

Alaska: 'compound interest'

• Juneau: "cryptocurrency,""mortgage rates,""IRA"

Alaska residents want to not only understand compound interest but also earn it by investing in stocks. And despite the fact that Alaska has no state income tax, "tax bracket" is a popular search term.

Arizona: 'debt to income'

• Phoenix: "pay off debt,""refinance car loan,""title loan"
• Tucson: "debt relief,""compound interest"

The financial focus in Arizona is securing and paying off debt. In addition to "debt to income," Google users in the Grand Canyon State also search for "refinance car loan" and "late payment."