• The Porsche Cayenne has been the undisputed king of high-performance SUVs since 2002.
• Nobody thought Porsche could pull off an SUV that was also a Porsche. They were so, so wrong. And the Cayenne remains brilliant. It's also filled Porsche's coffers with money.
• The Cayenne Turbo was easily among most impressive vehicles we drove in 2019, and that's why it's a Car of the Year runner-up
• Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.

Editor's note: Business Insider will name its 2019 Car of the Year on November 23. Each day this week, we're taking another look at the five vehicles that were runners-up selected from a pool of 16 finalists. Thus far, we've named the Lamborghini Urus, Nissan Leaf SL Plus, Cadillac XT4, and Mercedes-Benz A220. Our fifth and final runner-up is the Porsche Cayenne. You can read our full 2019 Car of the Year coverage here.

They laughed back in the early aughts when Porsche said it was going to make an SUV.

Then the Cayenne arrived in 2002, and the laughs stopped. Everybody knew Porsche made a great sports car in the 911. Nothing could have prepared us for the level of performance the automaker could bring to an SUV.

The Cayenne was transcendentally brilliant out of the box, and in the ensuing decade and a half, it's been updated twice, most recently for the 2019 model year. The new Cayenne comes in four flavors — base, hybrid, S, and Turbo — and has dropped about 300 pounds.

Porsche flipped us the keys to a Cayenne Turbo and we drove it around the New Jersey suburbs for a week. We knew it would be good. But were we prepared for how good?

Read on to find out why it was so good that we named it a 2019 Car of the Year runner-up:

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The 2019 Porsche Cayenne Turbo arrived wearing a "Biscay Blue Metallic" paint job. The Cayenne started at $125,000, but a batch of performance options added just over $10,000 to the already impressive sticker price.

Porsche has added character lines and a higher overall level of surface flash to the Cayenne, now in its third-generation. The latest Cayenne is about as sleek as is possible to make the vehicle without sloping the roof so much that the second row becomes uninhabitable.

When the Cayenne first arrived, a big question was whether the traditional bug-eye Porsche design cues would translate to an SUV.

They didn't, really, and they haven't — but now it doesn't matter because we've gotten used to it.

And that lovely Porsche badge never gets old.

As with its stablemate, the Panamera, the Cayenne's rear end has always been ... problematic. Or hideously bulbous, depending on your point of view.

The best thing I can say about this part of the 2019 Cayenne Turbo is that the slashing, wraparound tail light configuration and quad pipes jazz up what's the SUV's worst angle.

When the gaping rear maw opens, you have about 27 cubic feet of cargo space to work with and roughly double that when the second row of seats is folded down. That's really quite good.

The 4.0-liter, twin-turbocharged V8 makes 541 horsepower with 568 pound-feet of torque. This Porsche can tow nearly 8,000 pounds, which is staggering. Fuel economy isn't: 15 mpg city/19 highway/17 combined, and that's on premium gas.

The eight-speed automatic pipes the power to the Cayenne Turbo's all-wheel-drive system. There isn't a whiff of turbo lag with this machine, and the transmission can switch to manual if you want to shift gears yourself.

The Sport and Sport Plus drive modes are quite fun, and punching the center button of the mode selector supplies a 20-second burst of oomph from the engine. The Cayenne Turbo's 0-60 time is around 4 seconds (a few tenths quicker, according to Porsche), and the top speed is 177 mph.

Time to visit the all-black leather interior. It's lovely, but also purposeful, in the way Porsche interiors often are.

The Cayenne is a good-sized SUV, so rear legroom is pretty capacious.

And a dual-pane moonroof floods the cabin with abundant natural light.

It's always a bit weird to climb into a Cayenne and find a steering wheel that wouldn't be out of place on a 911, right down to the drive-mode selector. The tachometer, of course, is front and center in the instrument cluster ...

... And if you cast your eye to the right, you see the familiar Porsche dashboard clock.

Porsche's PCM infotainment system runs on a 12.3-inch touchscreen.

The usual features are present, from easy Bluetooth-paring to USB connectivity and GPS navigation. But the system is also where the driver can configure the Cayenne's drive modes.

So what's the verdict on our 2019 Car of the Year runner-up?

I had been driving the 2019 Porsche Cayenne Turbo for all of five minutes when I was already making appreciative noises and trying to hold back the whoops in the interest of critical objectivity.

The Cayenne was mind-blowing at 25 mph. It all came rushing back. They laughed at the idea of a Porsche SUV. Then they quit laughing. But still there are openings for jeers. After all, isn't this just a rebadged Volkswagen?

HAHAHAHA! Silence, ye doubters. No, the Cayenne isn't a 911. But is it a Porsche? Sure. Beyond that, however, is so much more. It remains the greatest SUV on the road, and in my view, the greatest SUV ever built by human hands. Perhaps on some undiscovered exoplanet light years from our Big Blue Marble they could sell you a better SUV, but have to pay for it with space money or trade something of value, such as your spare flux capacitor, a 1958 Gibson Les Paul, and free pass for the Kessel Run.

True, the Land Rover Defender is impressive — more so now that a new Defender has been unveiled, updated for the modern age. But the Cayenne does its thing in Porsche fashion on the road while also offering staggering offroad capability — rock-crawling, yes, sort of, but really the kind of high-speed rallying that you would logically subject this machine to.

The Cayenne is simply good, good, and more good, and the top-level Turbo trim is especially delightful, capable of orchestrating a brutal symphony of horsepower from that magnificent 541-horsepower, twin-turbo V8. But that's just one dimension of performance bliss.

You also have the bracing handling, delivered through an intricate orchestration of mega-tech features, ranging from a rooftop spoiler than can adapt to increased speed to rear-axle steering and electro-hydraulic roll stabilization.

It's my policy to avoid getting too deep in this gearheady stuff (my driving is 90% emotion and 10% engineering). But with the Cayenne Turbo, it definitely adds up to an SUV that drives, as it always has, like a Porsche — but with the vehicle's upgrades, now more like a Porsche than ever.

As with most modern luxury cars, the Cayenne has a suite of driver-assist features, including adaptive cruise control and a nice, low-speed, stop-and-go system. These work well, as advertised, but c'mon — this is a Porsche! The urge to take control and do the driving yourself is ever-present. And that's ultimately what separates the Cayenne from some (not all) of the competition.

I could go on, but you get the idea. The Cayenne has been absolutely, shockingly brilliant since it first arrived in the early 2000s. A decade and a half later, same story. The vehicle's magnificence simply increases with time. Our Business Insider road-test crew was basically speechless after a week with the Cayenne Turbo. True, I'm not nuts about the design. Never have been. So what? Design isn't everything.

Is the Cayenne still the finest SUV made by human hands on planet Earth? 

Nod quietly, nod respectfully, and accept that unquestionable genius does sometimes happen.

That's why it's a 2019 Car of the Year runner-up.

• The Grinch is a holiday mainstay, whether or not you share his feelings about Christmas.
• Unsurprisingly, there are a ton of Grinch-themed decorations out there, from over-the-top inflatables to ornaments and throw pillows.
• Below, you'll find 14 picks from the best Grinch holiday decor we found.

During the holidays, there are some of us so dedicated to "The Grinch" that we neglect our other obligations to watch the movie while reciting lines verbatim (I'll admit, I've seen it over a dozen times). For others, the classic character's image conjures up memories of reading the classic book by Dr. Seuss, first published in 1957.

Over the years, Mr. Grinch has inspired a whole world of holiday-themed decor — from out-of-the-box inflatables and shiny ornaments to shower curtains and bright lights.

We did the work of sorting through the not-so-great stuff to bring you a list of 14 fun Grinch-themed decor picks to suit every need. See below for our favorites.

Need some gift ideas? Check out all of Insider Picks 2019 holiday gift guides.

SEE ALSO: All of Insider Picks' 2019 holiday gift guides

A sequin-accented throw pillow for your couch or bed

$39.50, available at Pottery Barn Teen

This sparkly throw pillow doubles as decor and a place to rest your head while you watch your favorite Christmas movies (ahem).

An inflatable Grinch and Max for your front lawn

$119, available at Home Depot

This outdoor inflatable shows the loving bond between this famous duo. It turns out that The Grinch is only a mean one when it comes to people, which we get. It inflates automatically, too — making assembly a breeze.

A Grinch ornament with a shiny finish

$9, available at Target 

As part of Target's Dr. Seuss collection, this ornament shows off The Grinch's playful signature smirk and his best pal, Max, who is always by his side. 

A Grinch inflatable for under $30

$28.88, available at Walmart

For those seeking a simpler inflatable, this 5.5-foot Grinch inflatable includes all the tools necessary for assembly and breakdown. His sweater reads "Naughty or nice"— but I think we know which one he is.

Heat-resistant place mats that protect tabletops

$15.95, available at Williams-Sonoma

These heat-safe place mats add a festive flair to your holiday table setting, and they wipe clean with a damp cloth. You could also just buy one to use as a trivet for large dishes.

A 10-piece light set

$34.99, available at Walmart

This set comes with 10 Grinch-themed lights that can be wrapped around the Christmas tree or hung on their own for a fun alternative to traditional lights. 

A cheeky cookie tray

$19.99, available at Kirkland

Get into the Christmas spirit with this cookie tray, which is engraved with an earnest plea to The Grinch (and rightfully so). It's made of durable wood, adding rustic charm against traditional green and red decor.

A clever ornament set

$16.47, available at Amazon

These ornaments are as cuddly as cacti and charming as eels — and they won't cost you more than $20.

An ornament bundle that features Mr. Grinch, Max, and Cindy Lou Who

$32.99, available at Amazon

This glittery bundle shows the softer side of The Grinch as he gathers with Cindy Lou Who and Max in front of a page from "The Grinch" book. If you look closely, it reads: "All the Who girls and boys would wake up bright and early. They'd rush for their toys! And then! Oh, the noise! ..."

A Whoville ornament shop for your Seussian Christmas village

$69.02, available at Amazon

This porcelain sculpture of the town's ornament shop brings the magic of Whoville to your Christmas village.

Grinch-themed spatulas

$12.99 on sale (originally $16.95), available at Williams-Sonoma [you save $3.96]

Unlike traditional dishcloths and towels, this option brings a little bit of joy to even the most mundane of cooking chores. In this case, the idea of scraping small bowls has never been more appealing.

A figurine of the gang in action

$28.75, available at Amazon

This figurine perfectly captures The Grinch's personal growth — from town villain to total softy with a heart that grew three sizes. 

A small Grinch statue that tells his story

$373.99 on sale (originally $398,99), available at Target 

Nearly 3 feet tall, this animated figurine tells the tale of The Grinch's growing heart. Note that it requires triple AAA batteries, which are not included with purchase.

• Target rolls out a plethora of products each year for the holiday season, and they're often a favorite shopping destination on Black Friday.
• To gear up for the 2019 holiday season, three interior designers told Insider what holiday gifts they would want from Target.
• Maggie Griffin, founder and principal designer of Maggie Griffin Design, chose a soft sheet set. 
• Windy O'Connor, founder of Windy O'Connor Art & Home, went for a chic patio chair. 
• Abbe Fenimore, founder and principal designer of Studio Ten 25, has added a faux fur jacket to her wish list. 
• Visit Insider's homepage for more stories.

As you start to tick people off your holiday shopping list, it's likely you'll make a trip to Target at some point, especially because of the retailer's Black Friday and Cyber Monday deals. But it can be difficult to know what to choose once you're there.

Insider spoke to three interior designers about what Target items they'd put on their wish lists for 2019: Maggie Griffin, founder and principal designer of Maggie Griffin Design; Windy O'Connor, founder of Windy O'Connor Art & Home; and Abbe Fenimore, founder and principal designer of Studio Ten 25. 

Take a look at the holiday must-haves they chose from Target.

Windy O'Connor, founder of Windy O'Connor Art & Home, has this patio chair on her wish list for the holidays.

The egg-shaped chair is made of wicker, so it can withstand seasonal changes, and the removable cushions make it comfortable.

"This patio chair is the perfect way to end the day," O'Connor said.

Cost:$500

"This soft sheet set is both pretty and practical," Maggie Griffin, founder and principal designer of Maggie Griffin Design, told Insider.

"Add a beautiful monogram, and it's a fantastic gift," she said.

The 400-thread-count sheets are available in nine colors, and they're made of 100% cotton that's machine-washable.

Cost:$47.49

"Though we only have a few weeks of cold weather in Texas, I would make the most of those chilly days with this gorgeous piece," Abbe Fenimore, founder and principal designer of Studio Ten 25, said of this faux fur jacket.

The jacket comes in both brown and burgundy, and it features a hook fastener in the front. You can also machine wash and dry it.

"It can easily be dressed up or down, making it an instant staple in my Southern winter wardrobe," Fenimore said.

Cost: $39.99

Griffin also added this towel set to her wish list.

"They're soft, absorbent, and make for a great gift when paired with a fabulous set of monogrammed initials," she said, suggesting a personal touch.

The towel is available in five colors, and it's made of soft cotton.

Cost:$9.99 per towel

"It'd be a perfect gift for organizing my office," O'Connor said of this woven owl basket.

The 16-inch basket is made of water hyacinth leaves, and it features a decorative owl face that will add some spunk to your space. 

You can use it as a hamper, for toy storage, or as a place for your throw blankets. 

Cost: $34.99

"Brass lanterns add an instant layer of chic to any stoop, dining table centerpiece, or fireplace hearth," Griffin said of this gold piece.

The lantern is designed to hold a pillar candle, and it can be used indoors or outdoors.

Griffin recommends buying them in a set.

Cost:$33.24

• Read more:
• Target is gearing up for Cyber Monday 2019 — here's what might be on sale on December 2
• Target is now selling advent calendars filled with Reese's Pieces and peanut butter cups
• Interior designers reveal the 10 decorating rules you should never break
• 9 things an interior designer would buy from Walmart right now

• London has a lot of popular tourist sites like Big Ben that are certainly worth visiting, but the capital city also has a lot of other gems. 
• Visitors can enjoy a picturesque boat ride through London's Little Venice canals.
• Those visiting London can also see a Shakespearean show at The Globe Theatre.
• At the Warner Bros. Studio in London, travelers can take a behind-the-scenes tour of where the "Harry Potter" movies were filmed.
• Visit Insider's homepage for more stories.

London is full of popular tourist sites that are a must-see for many first-time visitors, but the capital city is also full of other lesser-known attractions that should be at the top of your itinerary.

Here are the 10 things you should see in London that aren't Big Ben.

Check out the views from London's highest public garden.

Sky Garden is located in the center of London and is accessible by tube, train, bus, and bike.

Stop by the place's Fenchurch Terrace for amazing views of the city or enjoy food and drinks at the terrace's restaurant.

Although it's free to visit Sky Garden, a ticket is required to get in. Make sure to book your reservation in advance, as Sky Garden tends to fill up quickly. 

Have a pint at a hidden pub located in one of London’s most expensive neighborhoods.

Located in Belgrave Square, just over a half-mile from Buckingham Palace, is The Grenadier— a historic (and reportedly haunted) pub and restaurant in a secluded, wealthy London neighborhood.

The Grenadier's menu features traditional English dishes like fish and chips and beef wellington. 

The hard-to-find pub was constructed in 1720 and previously served as an officers' mess hall for a unit of the British army.

Enjoy a picturesque boat ride through the canals in London's Little Venice.

Looking for a piece of Italy in London? Check out Little Venice, an area north of Paddington that offers canal rides as you might find in parts of Italy.

Several companies offer trips through Regent's canal, such as Jason's Trip and the London Waterbus. Visitors ages 9 and older can also take a fully-guided kayak tour of the canal from London Kayak Tours.

After a trip through the canal, stop by for a bite to eat at one of Little Venice's cafes, pubs, or restaurants.

Shop an assortment of local and worldly bites at one of London's oldest food markets.

Regarded as one of London's oldest food exchanges, Borough Market sells fruits, vegetables, fish, bread, cheese, and other unique global food finds.

It's fun to stroll around the bustling market, which is open Monday to Saturday and is closed on public holidays.

Keep in mind that seasonal hours may be in effect during the holidays, so check before you go.

Read More: 30 of the UK's most picturesque towns

Catch a soccer, or football, match at London Stadium.

London Stadium hosts several events throughout the year, from sporting matches to concerts. 

If you happen to be visiting from March to November, then make sure to catch a West Ham United game at the former Olympic Stadium for the 2012 games.

Plan your trip accordingly by checking the schedule for upcoming matches, tickets, and other game-day information. 

Shop and eat your way around Covent Garden, a popular London neighborhood.

Covent Garden is just a tube stop or brief walk away from London's popular Piccadilly-Circus station.

Although Covent Garden is most widely recognized for its entertaining street performers, you can also shop handmade jewelry, art prints, crafts, and more from local vendors, as well as name brands, at the Apple Market while there. 

While in the area, take a stroll down Neal's Yard to see the colorful courtyard that's home to delicious cheeses from Neal's Yard Dairy.

See a show at The Globe Theatre or take a special tour of it.

Although it's not the actual Globe where many of William Shakespeare's plays were staged, this round theater has been reconstructed to be really similar to the original.

Located in London, The Globe is an open-air theatre with a large stage and you can tour it year-round or enjoy Shakespearean shows during the summer and early fall. 

You can buy standing-room tickets to get close to the stage or purchase a seat within the theater. 

Get tickets to a musical in London’s West-End district.

Much like New York's Broadway, the West End is London's go-to district for hit musicals.

You may notice familiar titles like "Wicked" and Disney's "The Lion King" or shows that you may not have seen before, like "The Prince of Egypt" and "Come From Away."

Before or after the show, stop for a nearby bite to eat at the highly-rated Dishoom Carnaby. Its menu features a delicious spread of Indian food with options like chicken ruby and garlic naan.

Shop at vintage stores and boutiques in Camden Passage.

If you're looking to stray from big-name department stores, head on over to Camden Passage, where you can spend the afternoon finding all sorts of unique wares.

The area is known for its indie clothing and decor boutiques like S120, vintage jewelry shops like Esme, and delicious cafes like the well-ratedKipferl Cafe and Kitchen, an Austrian coffeehouse.

Take a behind-the-scenes tour of how the "Harry Potter" movies were made.

Calling all muggles: Warner Bros. London offers a studio tour of where the popular "Harry Potter" movies were made.

During the walking tour, you can step inside of the Great Hall, check out Dumbledore's office, set foot in Diagon Alley, view props from the series like Harry's Nimbus 2000, Hagrid's motorcycle, and more.

Each tour lasts roughly 3 1/2 hours and tickets must be purchased in advance.

Read More:

• I rode London's Underground for a day, and it blew New York's subway system away
• 7 chefs reveal their favorite places to eat in London

• I moved from the US to the UK. Here are the 8 things that surprised me the most.

• 10 mistakes every American makes when visiting London

• 12 British actors who totally fooled us into thinking they were Americans

• Tesla unveiled its Cybertruck on Thursday in a live event where its design leader accidentally broke two of the car's windows.
• Many Wall Street analysts think the truck's strange design could harm the car's performance.
• Credit Suisse said Tesla's rivals Ford and General Motors could "breathe a sigh of relief."
• Others said it would be a niche offering, similar to the Hummer.
• Here's what seven analysts said about the Tesla Cybertruck.
• Watch Tesla trade live on Markets Insider.

Wall Street analysts aren't buying the futuristic design of Tesla's new electric pickup truck, called the Cybertruck, announced in a live event on Thursday.

"Tesla's Cybertruck looks weird... like, really weird," Toni Sacconaghi of Bernstein wrote in a Friday note. "Add a little bit of dirt, and you could even say it gives off a retro-future vibe a la Mad Max."

The strange design, inspired in part by the movie "Blade Runner," is likely to affect how people view the truck and if they ultimately decide to buy, analysts said.

"We do not see this vehicle in its current form being a success," Jeffrey Osborne of Cowen wrote in a note on Friday, adding that he doesn't see the Tesla brand or the Cybertruck design "resonating with existing pickup truck owners."

That means that General Motors and Ford, Tesla's main competitors in the pickup market, can "breathe a sigh of relief," wrote Dan Levy of Credit Suisse.

To make matters worse, the live unveiling of the Cybertruck didn't exactly go as planned. Tesla's lead designer, Franz von Holzhausen, accidentally broke the truck's "armor glass" windows with a metal ball during a demonstration.

That "was not a good start," Emmanuel Rosner of Deutsche Bank wrote in a Friday note. Tesla shares fell as much as 7% the day after the event.

Still, the Cybertruck's design wasn't unanimously disliked by Wall Street. The design "will be a hit with the company's fanatic EV installed base globally as Musk & Co. are clearly thinking way out of the box on this model design," Dan Ives of Wedbush wrote in a Friday note.

But Ives went on to say that those outside the base might disagree.

"Investors will question if this is a mass market pickup going after Ford and GM with ~3 million pickup trucks sold annually in the US, or a more niche 'wow factor' model that will be more limited," he wrote.

Here's what else Wall Street analysts had to say about the Cybertruck:

1. Cowen: "Blade Runner inspired design appears to be the most controversial feature."

Rating: Underperform

Price target: $190

"Tesla's Cybertruck reveal will likely disappoint current pickup truck owners and we see the vehicle remaining a niche and not a mainstream product," Jeffrey Osborne of Cowen wrote in a note Friday.

He continued: "The Blade Runner inspired design appears to be the most controversial feature. The base price of $39,900 is likely never to be seen, just as the $35k Model 3 has failed to materialize.

"CEO, Elon Musk has been enthusiastic about his Blade Runner inspired design for months, but we were still surprised how futuristic he went with this one and believe it may shatter his dreams."

2. Wedbush: The design "looks more like a stealth bomber than a pickup truck."

Rating: Neutral

Price target: $270

The design "looks more like a stealth bomber than a pickup truck in our opinion," Dan Ives of Wedbush wrote in a Friday note.

He continued: "From a demand perspective this will be a more niche market, as we believe hitting the 150k/175k unit threshold in its first full year of deliveries (likely 2022) is the line in the sand out of the gates and could be a tough bogey to hit.

"For comparison, the leader in the market Ford sells roughly 1 million F-150 pickups per year. In a nutshell, we believe this next generation Cybertruck model could help Tesla expand its market opportunity outside its core customer base over time, although gaining market share with stalwarts such as Ford and GM entrenched in this landscape will be a difficult task for Fremont."

3. Deutsche Bank: "There are important unanswered questions."

Rating: Hold

Price target: $290

"We believe there are important unanswered questions to be able to assess potential buyer interest in the model, and whether this could attract commercial fleets or remain a consumer niche vehicle," Emmanuel Rosner of Deutsche Bank wrote in a Friday note.

He continued: "First of all, is the exterior design too polarizing? Second, what are the real battery ranges under working conditions, with a payload or while towing? A greatly reduced range would require commercial customers to opt for the higher trims, which could be significantly more expensive than their equivalent traditional pickups.

"Third, will commercial buyers trust Tesla's build quality? While the materials used appear robust, there could be questions about the truck's durability when used under work conditions, especially in light of its seemingly unibody construction. And the shattering of the truck's unbreakable glass windows during the live demonstration was not a good start."

4. Canaccord Genuity: "Unique and futuristic design will resonate with consumers."

Rating: Buy

Price target: $375

"While styling will always be subjective, we believe the unique and futuristic design will resonate with consumers, leading to solid demand," Jed Dorsheimer of Canaccord Genuity wrote in a Friday note.

He continued: "The starting price point of $39,900 for the 250-mile-range, single-motor RWD design option was also a strong point as this positions the Cybertruck competitively in the middle of the lucrative truck market, with production expected in 'late 2021.'

"While the futuristic design may be polarizing, we are encouraged by the Cybertruck release and believe that along with the coming Model Y crossover SUV, Tesla will be able to address two key categories of the automotive market that it previously could not."

5. Bernstein: "Cybertruck is likely to be a niche offering."

Rating: Market-perform

Price target: $325

The "really futuristic, like cyberpunk Blade Runner" design "is too bad, because its on-paper specs are insane," Toni Sacconaghi of Bernstein wrote in a Friday note.

He continued: "As promised, the pickup's specs are Tesla-like; a range of 250-500+ miles; 0-60 time <3 seconds, faster than a 911; 14,000 lb towing; an undentable body; and adaptive air suspension. The Cybertruck comes in 3 trims: $40k; $50K and $70K.

"But looks do matter, and we think Cybertruck is likely to be a niche offering — with sales of perhaps 50K units a year or less. We think the best potential comp for the Cybertruck is Hummer, which sold 30-80K units annually during its lifetime."

6. Credit Suisse: "It's somewhat unclear to us who the core buyer will be."

Rating: Underperform

Price target: $200

"The Tesla truck should be considered a lifestyle product — the Jeep Wrangler/Gladiator and F-series Raptor franchises come to mind as lifestyle off-road products, as well as other future off-road vehicles (i.e. Ford Bronco, Hummer electric pickup)," Dan Levy of Credit Suisse wrote in a Friday note.

He continued: "Yet amid the radical design for Cybertruck, it's somewhat unclear to us who the core buyer will be.

"For all that Tesla tried to show edges in the Cybertruck vs. incumbent products, our first take is that Cybertruck is not a threat to incumbent large pickup share."

7. Morgan Stanley: "More fitting for a work site in a Martian colony."

Rating: Equal weight

Price target: $250

"While some investors may see the design as more fitting for a work site in a Martian colony, true art and design lovers may appreciate that Tesla has tried to bring something totally different to the market here on Earth," Adam Jonas of Morgan Stanley wrote in a Friday note.

He continued: "In this current iteration, we do not believe the Cybertruck poses a significant threat to the established pickup truck market."

• The Presidential Physical Fitness Test (now part of the larger Presidential Youth Fitness Program) includes six challenges: curl-ups, pull-ups, push-ups, the sit-and-reach, the 30-foot "shuttle run," and the one-mile endurance run.
• In order to win the Presidential Physical Fitness Award, students must score above the 85th percentile for their age and gender. 
• I, as a full-fledged grown-up who hasn't taken one of these tests in over a decade, made the attempt this year. 
• I wouldn't win the Presidential Physical Fitness Award today, but I performed better than I expected.

If you were a kid in the US who took gym class anytime between the 1960s and 2012, chances are you took the Presidential Physical Fitness Test.

This gym-class tradition happened on an annual basis, requiring students to undergo a series of six physical challenges to test their endurance, agility, flexibility, and muscular strength. The kids who scored within or above the 85th percentile earned the coveted Presidential Physical Fitness Award. 

I spent my school days in the drama club, in choral groups, and in the library. Yearly fitness tests in gym class were the bane of my existence. So when the opportunity arose to retake the Presidential Physical Fitness Test as an adult, I had to find out whether this challenge was really as arduous and soul-crushing as I remember.

The Presidential Physical Fitness Test is comprised of six activities: curl-ups, pull-ups, push-ups, the sit-and-reach, the 30-foot "shuttle run," and the one-mile endurance run.

Today, I am much more active than I was at 17 years old. These days, I travel around NYC on my trusty road bike, I attend yoga class or barre class once a week,  I do calisthenics (push-ups, sit-ups, squats) at home three times a week, and I walk at least 10,000 steps a day.

The prospect of completing the Presidential Physical Fitness Test was still daunting. The old version of the test, which was replaced in 2012, includes curl-ups, pull-ups, push-ups, the sit-and-reach, the 30-foot "shuttle run," and the one-mile endurance run.

I started this challenge really terrified of the mile run, but I did better than I expected.

As a kid, the mile run was always the fitness challenge that bummed me out the most. I didn't like running then, and I created such a mental block against the mile run that, every single year, I'd run about half a lap and then walk the rest of the way.

I headed to the running track at my neighborhood park on a cool fall morning, ready to give this mile-long behemoth my best shot as a total running beginner. I surprised myself by jogging the entire mile (with a few walking breaks sprinkled throughout) and ended up with a time of 12 minutes and 44 seconds.

I decided to measure my scores against those expected for 17-year-old females. To earn a Presidential Award, these teens need to run a mile in 8 minutes and 15 seconds. So I definitely didn't make the cut, but according to Healthline, the average mile speed for runners in my age and gender group is 12 minutes and 29 seconds, so I wasn't far off.

The shuttle run showed me that I'm a better sprinter now than I was a decade ago.

For the shuttle run challenge, the gym teacher will set up two lines of cones 30 feet apart and place two blocks behind the far line. Students will sprint from the starting line, grab the first block, run back to place the block behind the starting line, then turn to dash to the far line and grab the second block, finishing off by dropping the second block behind the starting line. 

As a teen, I did OK on the shuttle run. I was reasonably agile, and sprinting didn't wear on me like "distance" running.

Turns out, I'm still a decent shuttle runner. I set up my own impromptu "course" and did the whole block-grab-and-drop challenge using my phone and my water bottle in place of foam gym-class bricks. I finished in 10.9 seconds and the Presidential standard for 17-year-old females is 10 seconds, so I came pretty close.

I did shockingly well at the pull-up challenge.

I always liked the pull-up section of the Presidential Fitness Test because I somehow had really good upper arm strength, considering my overall lack of athletic ability.

In gym class, we always did the pull-up challenge using a traditional pull-up bar, with the goal of pulling ourselves upwards until our chins cleared the bar. We did as many as we could, with no specific time limit.

Unfortunately, my local gym doesn't have a regular pull-up bar. What they do have is a chin-dip machine, which allows you to do the same lifting work as a pull-up, but starting in a kneeling position.

According to the fitness community on Reddit, many people find chin dips far easier than pull-ups. And considering the fact that I managed eight chin-dips (when my pull-up max back in school was four), I guess I can count myself among them.

The Presidential Fitness Award for pull-ups goes to any 17-year-old female who can do only one, so I crushed this challenge.

The curl-up challenge is trickier when back pain becomes an issue in your life.

During the Presidential Fitness Test, students have two choices when it comes to sit-ups; they can either complete as many full sit-ups as possible in one minute, or they can do "partial" curl-ups in rhythm (set by a metronome) until they can't maintain that pace anymore.

As a kid and as a teen, I usually opted for the full sit-up choice. In terms of my success, I generally either met the Presidential Fitness standard or the National Fitness level (one level below). 

Now that I'm an old person (i.e. not a teenager), I find full sit-ups a bit challenging on my lower back. So I decided to go with the partial curls, completing the challenge on a yoga mat in my apartment. I found an online metronome, hit "play," and got to work. 

To win the Presidential Fitness Award, 17-year-old females need to do at least 58 partial curl-ups in rhythm. I managed 39 before my back objected and I was forced to stop.

In high school, my gym teacher always focused a lot on proper push-up posture, and now I know why.

When we did the Presidential Fitness Test at my high school, our gym teachers always hounded us about our push-up positions. They wouldn't accept any arm bends of less than 90 degrees or count push-ups done with arched backs or dropped hips.

At the time, I thought these restrictions were annoying, but now I see that it was necessary. Maybe 50% of the push-ups I did for this challenge would pass my gym teacher's inspection. With imperfect posture, I did 24 "push-ups" in rhythm to the metronome, coming in just shy of the Presidential Fitness Score of 25. 

I paid for it the next day, though. Thanks to my incorrect push-up posture, I woke up with sore arms and aching shoulders. Turns out, my gym teachers were right to try to improve our form.

The "sit and reach" was always my favorite fitness test, and that remains true today.

The Presidential Fitness Test's measure of flexibility typically required a "sit-and-reach box," a metal box with a measuring device on top. As you lean forward, you push a sliding piece as far as you can as you lean forward. Being a flexible kid who could put her feet behind her head, I always earned top scores on this one.

I don't have a sit-and-reach box at home or at my gym, so I tried the alternative option: the "V sit and reach." The variation involves a yardstick or a measuring tape. I sat on my yoga mat with my legs in V-formation (about 8 or 12 inches apart) and Scotch-taped where my ankles met the mat. Then, I reached forward past my ankles and marked where the tips of my fingers reached. Finally, measure the difference between the two tape marks.

I reached 8 inches. According to the Presidential Fitness Test, the award goes to 17-year-old females who reach 8 inches or further, so I aced this test as well.

On the whole, I was impressed by how well I did.

In general, this test went much better than I expected. In some cases, I exceeded my school-aged scores (the mile run). In others, I backslid a little, but not as drastically as I thought (the push-ups, the shuttle run). And, in others, I did so well that I'm really wondering whether I made some drastic measuring error (yep, the pull-ups).

If you're feeling a bit nostalgic for gym class and want to see how your current fitness levels stack up to those of athletic 17-year-olds, I recommend giving the old Presidential Physical Fitness Test a try.

• Read more:
• Michelle Obama posted a rare gym photo on Instagram as a reminder that working out is worth it even if it 'doesn't always feel good'
• 8 signs you're working out too hard
• 7 ways to know if you're actually pushing yourself enough in the gym
• 9 exercise ideas for people who hate working out

• Italian cuisine has many dishes that people know and love, from fettuccine Alfredo to chicken Parmesan. 
• But there's a number of lesser-known dishes from across Italy that deserve some acclaim as well. 
• Michelin-starred chef Fabio Trabocchi has shared with Insider the Italian dishes that he believes people should actually be ordering, like cacio e pepe. 
• He also revealed his swaps for shrimp scampi, garlic bread, and more. 
• Visit Insider's homepage for more stories.

From risotto to gelato, Italian food has become popular around the world.

And while everyone adores spaghetti, there's a number of lesser-known dishes from across Italy that deserve some love as well. 

So Michelin-starred chef Fabio Trabocchi has shared with Insider the Italian dishes that he believes people should actually be ordering — pizza not included. 

Trabocchi, the head chef of Fiola at JW Marriott Venice Resort & Spa, also revealed his swaps for fettuccine Alfredo, shrimp scampi, garlic bread, and more. 

Skip your usual order of chicken parmesan ...

The Italian-American dish features a breaded chicken cutlet, hearty tomato sauce, and plenty of melted cheese on top. 

While many consider chicken Parmesan to be a staple of Italian cuisine, it actually originated in the US. Italian immigrants modified the classic eggplant Parmigiana, swapping the main vegetable for chicken instead. The dish rose to popularity in the US in the 1950s, according to The Cookful, and is now beloved in the UK and Australia as well. 

... and order cotoletta alla Milanese instead.

Cotoletta alla Milanese, also known as veal Milanese, is a popular Italian dish that is traditionally made with a veal cutlet. It is one of Milan's signature dishes. 

Trabocchi is a huge fan of the simple dish, which he said isn't overpowered by toppings the way chicken Parmesan can be. 

"The breading is crispy and isn't weighed down or soggy from too much tomato sauce and melted cheese," he told Insider. 

Take a break from spaghetti and meatballs ...

Spaghetti and meatballs are usually on the menu at Italian restaurants in America, but you'd struggle to find the dish in Italy. 

The meatballs we enjoy today are actually far larger and denser than the ones eaten in Italy, which are called polpettes. Italian immigrants made their meatballs bigger when they moved to the US, where they were able to afford larger quantities of meat, according to The Smithsonian. 

... and give polpettes in salsa pomodoro a try.

Polpettes in salsa pomodoro is simply the Italian way of saying meatballs in tomato sauce, but the meatballs are smaller and lighter than the American version we know and love. Trabocchi recommends eating the dish with a creamy polenta, especially if you're on a budget. 

"Polenta is a cheap but filling dish — classic comfort food," he said. "Whatever you can put on pasta, you can put on polenta, which I think of as the soul food of my region in Le Marche." 

Swap your fettuccine Alfredo ...

Much like chicken parmesan and spaghetti and meatballs, the fettuccine Alfredo we know today actually originated in the US. 

The dish that inspired fettuccine Alfredo was called fettuccine al burro and made with butter and Parmigiano-Reggiano cheese, according to Gusti d'Italia. The American silent-film stars Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks had the dish on their Rome honeymoon in 1927, then brought it back to the US. But because American butter and parmesan cheese wasn't as rich as it tasted in Italy, heavy cream was added to the recipe. 

... for cacio e pepe.

The Roman dish, which literally translates to "cheese and pepper," is as simple as its name suggests. The key ingredients are spaghetti, grated Pecorino Romano cheese, and black pepper (many recipes also include butter and Grana Padano cheese).

Much like with veal milanese, Trabocchi told Insider that he favors cacio e pepe because it's far lighter than fettuccine Alfredo. 

"In any case, skip the heavy cream!" he advised.

Forgo shrimp scampi ...

Shrimp scampi is yet another Italian dish that was actually created by Italian immigrants. 

Italian chefs who emigrated to the US took a traditional Italian dish — shrimp cooked with olive oil, garlic, onion, and white wine — and swapped the shrimp for scampi (small lobsters also known as langoustines), according to The New York Times.

But they kept both names and, thus, a new Italian-American dish was born.

... and give pasta con le sarde a spin.

Trabocchi recommends trying a "true regional classic" instead, and his pick is Sicily's pasta con le sarde.

The dish is made with bucatini pasta, sardines, anchovies, saffron, wild fennel, pine nuts, and raisins. 

Sure, everyone loves garlic bread ...

You know the drill by now. Garlic bread was inspired by an Italian dish, but it was actually created in the US. 

Unable to afford the olive oil needed to make bruschetta, many Italian-Americans swapped it for butter and added chopped garlic and salt on top. 

... but next time try some crescia instead.

Crescia, a specialty savory flatbread, hails from Trabocchi's hometown of Le Marche. 

"Traditionally crescia was made with cracklings from rendered lard, and therefore only made during the hog slaughtering season from November to February," Trabocchi told Insider. 

Common fillings for crescia now also include cheese, veggies, and various cured meats. 

Leave the Italian dressing in the fridge ...

As Trabocchi notes, Italian dressing doesn't actually come from Italy. The name is derived from the seasonings that are found in the dressing and common to Italian cuisine (oregano, basil, garlic, and olive oil), according to HowStuffWorks. 

"If you love it, great, but it's not Italian!" Trabocchi said.

... and drizzle fish or veggies with salmoriglio.

"Try salmoriglio instead, which is a classic sauce from Sicily made with extra virgin olive oil, lemon juice, chopped fresh herbs such as oregano and parsley, and chopped garlic," Trabocchi said. 

"Salmoriglio is delicious with any grilled fish, meat, or vegetables," he added. 

At the end of the day, Trabocchi said Italian cuisine comes down to the quality of the ingredients — not a label of "authenticity."

"I don't believe there is a national Italian cuisine," he said. "There are regional, local, and hyperlocal cuisines in Italy. The soul of Italian cooking is fundamentally based on the seasonality of ingredients and local products. So, in that sense, high quality and seasonal ingredients are the foundation and approach of Italian cooking." 

"Nothing should be avoided if it tastes delicious," he added. "And is made with respect for the quality of the ingredients." 

• Read more:
• 7 'Italian' foods Americans eat that you typically won't find in Italy
• Photos show what it's like to visit the stunning Italian beach that's now so overrun with tourists, it's charging them to visit
• 10 restaurants you need to try in Rome
• This sandwich shop is Florence's most legendary street eat

We rounded up the 10 best sales and deals happening online today, with savings on MVMT watches and sunglasses, the Microsoft Surface 6 tablet, winter styles at J.Crew, Adidas sneakers, and more. 

If you're looking for even more deals, Black Friday (November 29) is the time to shop. Check out our roundup of all of the Black Friday deals you can expect next week. You can also find out which items you should buy on Black Friday and Cyber Monday. 

Deals in this story are subject to change throughout the day. The prices listed reflect the deal at the time of publication. For even more deals and savings across the web, check out Business Insider Coupons.

The best sales and deals happening today at a glance:

• Save 50% on select Boost sneakers at Adidas
• Save 20% sitewide at MVMT
• Save up to 30% on outdoor gear and clothing at REI*
• Save $400 on the Microsoft Surface Pro 6 at Best Buy
• Save 30% on winter styles at J.Crew
• Save 30% sitewide at Cole Haan

SEE ALSO: The best mattresses you can buy

DON'T MISS: I got my teeth straightened through an online service called Candid for under $2,000 — here’s how it works

1. Save 50% on select Boost sneakers at Adidas

Shop the Adidas sale now. 

I've gone on record saying that Adidas makes the most comfortable sneakers ever thanks to Boost technology — and now many styles using the advanced cushioning system are on sale. Now through November 23, you can save 50% on select Boost sneakers by using the promo code "ULTRA50" at checkout. The sale includes popular running styles like the Ultra Boost, Ultra Boost 19, and Senseboost Go.

2. Save 20% sitewide at MVMT

Shop the MVMT sale now. 

A nice pair of sunglasses and a stylish watch can go a long way in elevating your overall look. MVMT, a startup that focuses on accessories like sunglasses and watches, is having a pre-Black Friday sale with 20% off sitewide. Simply use the promo code "HOLIDAY2019" at checkout to save. 

3. Save up to 30% on outdoor gear and clothing at REI*

Shop the REI Gear Up Get Out sale now. 

As winter and the holiday season nears, REI is having a huge "Gear Up Get Out" sale that's worth taking advantage of for yourself or anyone on your holiday gift list. Now through November 25, you can get up to 30% off outdoor clothing, gear, footwear, and accessories — including jackets, warm base layers, winter boots, tents, sleeping bags, backpacks, ski gear, bikes, and much more.

* This deal features Sponsored Products that have been suggested by REI and that also meet our editorial criteria in terms of quality and value.

4. Save $400 on the Microsoft Surface Pro 6 at Best Buy

Microsoft Surface Pro 6 12.3-inch 256GB, $799 (Originally $1,199) [You save $400]

The Microsoft Surface Pro 6 is a cross between a tablet and a laptop, making it ideal for anyone who travels a lot or often works on the go. It features a 12.3-inch touchscreen display and an ultra-lightweight design that's under two pounds. With 256GBs of storage and 8GBs of RAM, it has comparable performance to a laptop like this $1,300 MacBook Air. You'll have plenty of storage for photos, music, and documents, and enough RAM to keep your device running smoothly. From browsing the web and watching movies at home to sending emails and drafting documents while on the go, it can handle all your basic needs. Originally priced at $1,199, you can buy one for $799 right now at Best Buy.

4. Save 30% on winter styles at J.Crew

Shop the J.Crew sale now. 

J.Crew is having a huge sale on winter picks for the entire family. Now through November 24, you can save 30% on their top cold-weather styles by using the promo code "BRRR" at checkout. You'll find everything from winter parkas and fleeces, to hats, scarves, and gloves. 

6. Save 30% sitewide at Cole Haan

Shop the Cole Haan sale now. 

Now through December 3, you can save 30% sitewide at Cole Haan. You can also save up to 50% on other select styles. The sale includes everything from Cole Haan's popular ZERØGRAND line to classic dress shoes, heels, and sneakers. In addition to shoes, you'll find outerwear and other accessories discounted. 

7. Get $750 worth of travel points when you sign up for the Chase Sapphire Preferred

Learn more about the Chase Sapphire Preferred from our partner The Points Guy.

The Chase Sapphire Preferred Card is a great option if you're new to earning points and miles, as it has a reasonable $95 annual fee. You'll earn 2 points per dollar on all travel and dining purchases and 1 point on everything else, and the card includes some valuable benefits like trip delay coverage and primary car rental insurance.

You can earn 60,000 Chase points with the Chase Sapphire Preferred when you spend $4,000 in the first three months from account opening. That's worth at least $750 toward travel. Read our review to learn more about the card's benefits.

Business Insider may receive a commission from The Points Guy Affiliate Network if you apply for a credit card, but our reporting and recommendations are always independent and objective.

8. Save 25% on Gravity Blankets and more

Shop the Gravity Blanket sale now. 

Weighted blankets are becoming an increasingly popular method for reducing stress and getting a good night of sleep — and the popular Gravity Blanket is on sale now. For a limited time, you can save 25% sitewide with the promo code "HOLIDAY2019" at checkout. In addition to the original Gravity Blanket, the sale also includes travel blankets, weighted sleep masks, aromatherapy pillows, and more. 

9. Save 20% on OXO Smart Seal containers and glass bakeware

Shop the OXO sale now. 

Thanksgiving is a few weeks away, and if you're planning on preparing a big feast, you're going to need lots of containers to prepare food and store all those leftovers. Now through December 8, you can save 20% on all OXO Smart Seal containers and glass bakeware automatically. Instead of struggling with the mismatched containers and lids in your cabinet, this is a good opportunity to save on new high-quality containers.

10. Save 25% on a Bear mattress, plus get two free pillows

Shop the Bear Mattress sale now. 

Named the best mattress for hot sleepers in our buying guide, Bear Mattresses are designed to keep you cool and comfortable at night. Additionally, the mattresses feature Celliant, a material that converts heat from the body into far infrared — a type of energy that's been proven to help rebuild cells. The technology can help you wake up feeling well-rested and free of aches and pains, plus you won't break a sweat in your sleep. Now through November 30, you can get 25% off your order with promo code "GIFT" at checkout. You'll also receive two free pillows when you purchase a mattress or bundle.

• In the last few years, we've seen record-breaking temperatures, intense hurricanes and wildfires, and unprecedented ice melt.
• All of these are predicted consequences of climate change and are expected to get worse in the coming years.
• Addressing this threat in the next 10 years is critical: Scientists say the world must slash its carbon emissions in half by 2030 to avoid catastrophic warming.
• Here's what we can expect in the next decade.
• Visit Business Insider's homepage for more.

We only have a decade to avoid the worst consequences of climate change.

That's the warning the UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) put out last year. But so far, nations are not slashing emissions enough to keep Earth's temperature from rising more than 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels — the threshold established in the Paris climate agreement. 

"What we know is that unabated climate change will really transform our world into something that is unrecognizable," Kelly Levin, a senior associate at the World Resources Institute's climate program, told Business Insider.

That transformation has already begun. The last few years saw record-breaking temperatures, catastrophic and bizarre storms, and unprecedented ice melt. That's all likely to get worse by 2030.

Here's what we can expect in the next 10 years.

SEE ALSO: Before-and-after photos reveal how landmarks have been ravaged by fires, floods, and melting ice over the last decade

Scientists attribute the increasing frequency of record-breaking temperatures, unprecedented ice melt, and extreme weather shifts to greenhouse-gas emissions.

Fossil fuels like coal contain compounds like carbon dioxide and methane, which trap heat from the sun. Extracting and burning these fuels for energy releases those gases into the atmosphere, where they accumulate and heat up the Earth over time.

"As long as we burn fossil fuels and load the atmosphere with carbon pollution, it all gets worse," climate scientist Michael Mann told Business Insider in an email. 

Last year, the IPCC warned that we only have until 2030 to act in order to avoid the worst consequences of severe climate change.

According to the IPCC, the world's carbon emissions have to fall by 45% by 2030 to keep the world's average temperature from rising more than 1.5 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. 

So the next 10 years are crucial for any efforts to slow this trend.

If Earth warms more than 1.5 degrees, scientists think the world's ecosystems could start to collapse.

"The choices that we make today are going to have profound impacts," Levin said.

Even if nations stick to the goals they set under the Paris climate agreement, emissions will still likely be too high, according to the IPCC.

Under the voluntary goals set in the Paris agreement, the world would still emit the equivalent of 52 to 58 gigatons of carbon dioxide per year by 2030, according to the report. (This is measured as an "equivalent" in order to factor in other greenhouse gases, like methane, which is 84 times more effective at trapping heat than carbon dioxide.)

So far, most countries are not on track anyway.

Regardless of what actions we take, there are a few changes scientists know we'll see in the next 10 years.

That's because the world will keep getting warmer even if we stop emitting greenhouse gases immediately.

In the worst case scenario, we might even the 1.5-degree temperature-rise mark by 2030.

The globe's ice caps will continue to melt, and crucial ice sheets like the one in Greenland might start down an irreversible path toward disappearing completely.

"Somewhere between 1.5 and 2 degrees, there's a tipping point after which it will no longer be possible to maintain the Greenland Ice Sheet,"Ruth Mottram, a climate scientist at the Danish Meteorological Institute, told Inside Climate News. "What we don't have a handle on is how quickly the Greenland Ice Sheet will be lost."

Greenland's ice is already approaching that tipping point, according to a study published in May. Whereas the melting that happened during warm cycles used to get balanced out when new ice formed during cool cycles, warm periods now cause significant meltdown and cool periods simply pause it. 

That makes it difficult for the ice sheet to regenerate what it's losing.

That will lead to more sea-level rise — about 0.3 to 0.6 feet on average globally by 2030, according to the US' National Climate Assessment.

In addition to melting ice, rising ocean temperatures cause seas to rise because warm water takes up more volume. As the globe heats up, scientists expect that simple fact of physics to account for about 75% of future sea-level rise.

The risk of high-tide flooding (which happens in the absence of storms or severe weather) is rapidly increasing for communities on the US Gulf and East Coasts.

In 2018, the US Northeast saw a median of one major sunny-day flood per year. By 2030, projections suggest the region will see a median of five such floods per year. By 2045, that number could grow to 25 floods.

The rising seawater won't be distributed evenly across the globe.

Low-lying countries like Bangladesh, Vietnam, and the Seychelles are especially vulnerable. Rising oceans have already begun to threaten cities like Miami, New Orleans, Venice, Jakarta, and Lagos.

Some areas could see sea levels up to 6 feet higher by the end of the century.

Extra warmth and water means hurricanes will become slower and stronger. In the next decade, we're likely to see more cyclones like Hurricane Dorian, which sat over the Bahamas for nearly 24 hours.

That's because hurricanes use warm water as fuel, so as Earth's oceans and air heat up, tropical storms get stronger, wetter, and slower.

Over the past 70 years or so, the speed of hurricanes and tropical storms has slowed about 10% on average, according to a 2018 study. 

When storms are slower, their forceful winds, heavy rain, and surging tides have much more time to cause destruction. In the Bahamas, Dorian leveled entire towns.

"The slower you go, that means more rain. That means more time that you're going to have those winds. That's a long period of time to have hurricane-force winds," National Hurricane Center director Ken Graham said in a Facebook Live video as Dorian approached the Bahamas.

A study published earlier this month found that the frequency of the most damaging hurricanes has increased 330% century-over-century.

To make matters worse, a warmer atmosphere can hold more moisture. The peak rain rates of storms have increased by 30% over the past 60 years.

That means up to 4 inches of water per hour. Hurricane Harvey in 2017 was a prime example of this: After it made landfall, Harvey weakened to a tropical storm then stalled for days, dumping unprecedented amounts of rain on the Houston area. Scientist Tom Di Liberto described it as the "storm that refused to leave."

Hurricanes are likely to intensify more rapidly as well.

"It's pretty well understood that if the water is warmer and it's causing more moist air to come up, you have the potential of a storm to grow quickly and intensely," Brian Haus, a researcher who simulates hurricanes at the University of Miami, previously told Business Insider.

Overall, extreme weather is expected grow more common and intense.

"Certain types of extreme events in the US have already become more frequent and intense and long-lasting," Levin said. "There's no reason to think that we're not going to start to see an amplification of what we've been seeing."

The World Health Organization (WHO) projects that, overall, climate change will kill an additional 241,000 people per year by 2030.

The WHO expects that heat-related illnesses will be a major culprit, killing up to 121,464 additional people by 2030.

In the coming years, experts expect to see "day zeros"— the term for the moment when a city's taps run dry.

In January 2018, Cape Town, South Africa, got dangerously close to this reality: The government announced the city was three months from day zero. Residents successfully limited their water use enough to make it to the next rainy season, however. 

The IPCC projects severe reductions in water resources for 8% of the global population from 2021 to 2040.

Dry vegetation in hot regions lights up easily, which means more frequent, bigger wildfires.

"Climate change, with rising temperatures and shifts in precipitation patterns, is amplifying the risk of wildfires and prolonging the season," the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) said in a July release.

A 2016 study found that climate change nearly doubled the amount of forest that burned in the western US between 1984 and 2015, adding over 10 billion additional acres of burned area. In California in particular, the annual area burned in summer wildfires increased fivefold from 1972 to 2018.

We're also likely to see more wildfires in the Arctic, which is warming almost twice as fast as the global average. That means Arctic sea ice is also disappearing.

Rapid warming means that crucial sea ice is melting, which accelerates warming even more.

"You take what was a reflective surface, the white ice, and you expose darker oceans underneath it," Levin said. "That can lead to a much greater absorption of solar radiation, and knock-on warming impacts as well as change of weather patterns."

The Amazon rainforest is in trouble as well, largely because farmers and loggers are cutting it down so rapidly.

A 2008 study projected that humans would clear away 31% of the Amazon by 2030. Another 24% would be damaged by drought or logging, the study found.

People have already cut down 20% of the Amazon. If another 20% disappears, that could trigger a feedback loop known as a "dieback," in which the forest could dry out and become a savannah.

"The risk of transforming the Amazon to a savannah-like state — it could have a tremendous impact for our ability worldwide to get a handle on the climate-change problem," Levin said.

That's because the Amazon stores up to 140 billion tons of carbon dioxide — the equivalent of 14 decades' worth of human emissions. Releasing that would accelerate global warming.

"You have a vital carbon sink no longer acting as a carbon sink, but instead acting as a carbon source," Levin added.

Other crucial ecosystems face collapse in the next decade as well. At present rates, it's expected that 60% of all coral reefs will be highly or critically threatened by 2030.

High ocean temperatures can cause coral to expel the algae living in its tissue and turn white, a process called coral bleaching.

It's an increasingly dire problem, given that oceans absorb 93% of the extra heat that greenhouse gases trap in the atmosphere. Recent research revealed that the seas are heating up 40% faster, on average, than the prior estimate. 

The consequences of coral bleaching extend beyond the coral itself, since reefs house 25% of all marine life and provide the equivalent of $375 billion in goods and services each year, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).

About 55% of the world's oceans could suffer due to rising temperatures, acidification, decreasing oxygen, and other symptoms of climate change by 2030.

These largely irreversible changes will eventually force mass migrations of marine life, upend ocean ecosystems, and threaten human livelihoods that depend on the ocean, according to a 2017 study. Many species that can't adapt could die out.

"Climate impacts are also going to exacerbate social inequality," Levin said.

That's because people with fewer resources will be less able to avoid the worst impacts.

"That National Climate Assessment shows that residents, for example, in rural communities who often have less capacity to adapt, are going to be especially hard-hit given their dependence on agriculture," Levin explained.

She added: "You can think also of the scenario of the poor who live in cities who could be at greater exposure to heat stress if they lack air conditioning and heat waves increase in frequency and duration."

A 2015 report from the World Bank predicted that the climate crisis will push an additional 100 million people into extreme poverty by 2030.

That's because global crop yields could fall by 5% by 2030 in the face of climate change, according to the report. That will make food more scarce and more expensive, especially in sub-Saharan Africa and Southeast Asia.

Ultimately, "nobody is free from the impacts of climate change," Mann said.

"If you're on the coast, you're treated by hurricanes and sea-level rise," he added. "If you're in the western US, more intense, faster-spreading wildfires, worse drought. And we're seeing unprecedented heat waves and flooding events throughout the US."

To avoid these devastating consequences, "we need annual emissions to be about half of what they are now by 2030," Levin said.

That means "we need to shift across the board in terms of policies, technologies, and behavior," she added.

Scientists say the world has to shift from fossil fuels to renewable energy, especially transforming the way we travel and produce food.

"That means we need politicians who are willing to act in our interest rather than on the part of vested interests," Mann said. "Voting in the 2020 election is probably the single-most important thing we can do to address climate change."

Levin and the IPCC both say that, since we're so far off the path towards quitting fossil fuels, the transition will also require technologies that suck carbon out of the atmosphere. 

"It's definitely going to be a massive undertaking, but the risks are so large that we can't afford not to do it," Levin said. 

• The 2010s marked a decade of legal triumph for LGBTQ people, with landmark court cases in issues like same-sex marriage, LGBTQ adoption, and transgender bathroom rights.
• Marriage equality was legally affirmed by the US Supreme Court in 2015, while issues like workplace protections for LGBTQ people are still being fought over. 
• Here is an overview of advancements in LGBTQ rights throughout the 2010s. 
• Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.

It's been 50 years since the first brick was thrown at the Stonewall Inn— a moment some historians have deemed  the beginning of the modern fight for LGBTQ rights in the US.

In the half-century following the famed Stonewall riots, the landscape of LGBTQ civil rights has completely shifted.

In the last decade alone, many of the issues like marriage equality, same-sex adoption, and the right for transgender people to use the bathroom of their choice have had their day in court and successfully made advancements for the rights of LGBTQ people. Legal victories coupled with the heightened visibility of LGBTQ people in the media make the 2010s a notable decade for the community. 

But while this has been a decade of monumental change, it is also important to note that many of the issues the organizers at the Stonewall Inn fought against, like LGBTQ homelessness and safety from assault, remain dire — with transgender women of color at a disproportionately high risk for violence and assault. 

Here is an overview of the landmark court cases, political decisions, and that advanced the rights of LGBTQ people in the US in the 2010s. 

Florida's Third District Court of Appeal ended the state's ban on gay adoption in 2010.

For over 33 years, Florida barred all gays and lesbians from adopting children. This law ended in 2010 after Florida's Third District Court of Appeal in Miami ruled that the ban was unconstitutional and there was "no rational basis" for it — making Florida the final US state to abolish adoption bans for gays and lesbians.

A federal judge in San Francisco struck down Proposition 8 in 2010, abolishing California's ban on same-sex marriage​.

Proposition 8, a California law voted into effect in 2008 that prohibited same-sex marriage, was struck down by Vaughn R. Walker, chief judge of the Federal District Court in San Francisco, in 2010.

Walker stated that Prop 8 stood in direct opposition to the Equal Rights Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment, which prevents states from "deny(ing) to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws."

Though the ban of Proposition 8 did not immediately make same-sex marriage in California legal and did not eliminate bans against same-sex marriage in other states, it was a significant step in the overall battle for marriage equality in the US.

In 2010, the US government repealed 'Don't Ask, Don't Tell,' its ban on openly lesbian, bisexual, and gay people serving in all branches of the military.

Put into effect in 1994 under the Clinton administration, "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" was a policy preventing gay, lesbian, or bisexual military members from disclosing their sexual orientation. 

The code stated that disclosing their sexuality "would create an unacceptable risk to the high standards of morale, good order and discipline, and unit cohesion that are the essence of military capability."

Although the policy was enacted to relax the military's stance on homosexuality at the time, public opinion steadily grew against it over time. After 17 years of lawsuits and organizing from grassroots organizations, national organizations, and government representatives, President Obama signed a repeal of the policy on December 22, 2010.

Obama became the first sitting US president to openly support same-sex marriage in 2012.

Following Vice President Joe Biden's announcement of his support of same-sex marriage, President Barack Obama discussed his "evolution" of views on same-sex marriage during an interview with ABC's Robin Roberts. During the interview, he stated that despite his open opposition to it in the past, his views had changed over time to support same-sex marriage. 

"I've just concluded that — for me personally, it is important for me to go ahead and affirm that — I think same-sex couples should be able to get married," he said.

The Democratic Party became the first major US political party to support gay marriage in 2012.

The Democratic Party announced that same-sex marriage would be included in its list of issues for the party's platform after Obama announced his support of marriage equality earlier in 2012.

Wisconsin's Tammy Baldwin became the first openly gay person elected to the Senate in 2012.

Tammy Baldwin broke barriers when she became the first openly gay person elected into Senate in 2012. But this was not the first time Baldwin had made history. She also became the first gay woman elected to the House of Representatives in 1998. 

The US Supreme Court ruled against the Defense of Marriage Act Section 3 in 2013, paving the way for same-sex​ spousal rights.

The Defense of Marriage Act passed by Congress in 1996 defined marriage legally as a union between a man and a woman. For nearly three decades, DOMA's narrow definition of marriage legally allowed states to put same-sex marriage bans in place and simultaneously allowed states to ignore same-sex marriages that were performed and legally recognized in other states. 

DOMA prevented same-sex couples from having the full rights of straight married people in the eyes of the law, barring couples from having rights over their spouses in times of illness and death — which became the primary issue in the landmark case United States v. Windsor.

Edith Windsor and Thea Spyer were a same-sex couple from New York who had been together for over 50 years. In 2007, the pair got married in Toronto because same-sex marriage was legal in Canada and not in the US at the time. Spyer's death in 2009 prompted a series of lawsuits filed by Windsor due to the state of New York not recognizing the couple's marriage, which in turn required Windsor to pay $350,000 in federal taxes for her inheritance of Spyer's estate — a price that would amount to zero dollars if their marriage had been recognized. 

The Americans Civil Liberties Union worked with Windsor to file a lawsuit against the US District Court for the Southern District of New York in 2010, challenging DOMA Section 3, which prevented the federal government from recognizing any same-sex marriage under the law, including those legally recognized in specific states. 

In 2013, the lawsuit made it to the US Supreme Court, which ruled that DOMA Section 3 was unconstitutional because it violated the Equal Protection Clause of the US Constitution. While this ruling did not legalize marriage equality throughout the US, it was a large step in legally recognizing the rights of existing same-sex marriages.  

The Colorado Civil Rights Division legally affirmed that Coy Mathis, a transgender first-grade girl, has the right to use the girls' bathroom at her elementary school in 2013.

Colorado first-grader Coy Mathis had been blocked from using the girls' restroom at her school by Fountain-Fort Carson School District officials, who stated that Mathis, who is transgender, only had the option of using the boys' restroom, the nurses' restroom, or staff bathroom. 

After Mathis' family filed a discrimination lawsuit against the school board that made it to the Colorado Civil Rights Division, the state ruled in favor of Mathis' right to use the restroom that corresponds to her gender identity rather than biological sex in 2013.

The decision stated that banning Mathis from using the girls' bathroom "creates an environment that is objectively and subjectively hostile, intimidating or offensive."

The US Supreme Court affirmed marriage equality in 2015 by ruling that state 'marriage​ bans' barring the full rights of same-sex spouses are unconstitutional.

After hearing several same-sex marriage cases, the US Supreme Court ruled that same-sex marriages were to be legally recognized across all 50 states. This ruling gave same-sex couples the same legal rights to marry as partnerships between one man and one woman. 

The Pentagon announced it was lifting the ban on transgender people serving in the military in 2016 — although the victory was short-lived.

In 2016, Secretary of Defense Ash Carter announced that the Department of Defense's ban against transgender people serving in the Armed Forces was lifted. 

While this was celebrated by many as a step towards equity for transgender people, the victory was short-lived. President Donald Trump announced his ban of transgender people serving in the military in 2018. 

In 2016, Washington, DC, began to allow residents to choose the gender-neutral​ option 'X' for the gender marker on their identification cards rather than just female or male.

Washington, DC, added a third gender marker option to ID cards in order to give people who identify as neither male or female the ability to correctly gender themselves on government documents. 'X' was made an option in addition to male and female.

In 2018, the Supreme Court ruled that applying nondiscrimination laws to religious people showed 'hostility' in the case of Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission, leaving the question of whether or not it is legal for religious people to refuse service to LGBTQ people unanswered.

In 2012, David Mullins and Charlie Craig went to Lakewood, Colorado's Masterpiece Cakeshop to place an order for a wedding cake and were denied service by the shop's owner for being a same-sex couple. Mullins and Craig filed complaints with the Colorado Civil Rights Division stating that this refusal of service stood in direct violation of Colorado state civil rights law.  

The division affirmed Mullins and Craig's claims and found that Masterpiece Cakeshop was in direct violation of state which prohibits discrimination on the basis of sexuality. The case then traveled through the Colorado Court of Appeals in 2015, where the same decision was made, ruling in favor of Mullins and Craig. 

However, when the US Supreme Court heard the case in 2017, the justices reversed the decision made by the lower courts, stating that the laws in place showed "hostility" toward religious people. 

The decision still leaves the question of whether or not businesses can discriminate and refuse service to LGBTQ people on the basis of sexual orientation because of religious beliefs. While the Supreme Court ruled in favor of Masterpiece Cakeshop, more lawsuits dealing with similar cases of discrimination are being fought in the lower courts and could bring the same issue to the Supreme Court in the future. 

The US Supreme Court affirmed the ​Trump administration's effective ban of most transgender people from the military in 2019.

The Trump administration was granted permission by the US Supreme Court to pass an order that effectively bars most transgender people from serving in the military. The order acts as a ban because it dictates that any transgender person who wishes to serve in any branch of the Armed Forces must serve with the gender they were assigned at birth rather than their actual gender identity. 

The ban and subsequent Supreme Court affirmation of it have elicited a wave of public outcry against the Trump administration's treatment of transgender people. While the ban went into effect earlier this year, advocacy groups and politicians alike are working to combat it. 

The future of LGBTQ workplace discrimination currently hangs in the balance as the Supreme Court considers arguments heard in October 2019.

On October 8, 2019, the US Supreme Court heard three individual cases— one from a transgender woman and two from gay men — to determine whether or not LGBTQ people are protected from workplace discrimination under the 1964 Civil Rights Act. 

This decision will ultimately decide whether it is constitutional to discriminate and fire LGBTQ people on the basis of gender identity or sexuality, and it will affirm or undermine over 20 years of case law, according to the National Center for Transgender Equality. 

The court is expected to make its decision in 2020.

Pete Buttigieg's Pride month Out magazine cover prompts questions about the future of the fight for LGBTQ rights.

June marks LGBTQ Pride Month around the world, and in 2019 it coincided with the 50th anniversary of the Stonewall Inn riots. In honor of the half-century of activism since the rebellion, many publications, including Out magazine, featured important LGBTQ figures on their front covers.

On one of their Pride Month covers, Pete Buttigieg, an openly gay politician and a Democratic presidential candidate, appeared alongside the word's "Stonewall: Then, Now, Next. Is Pete Buttigieg what we really fought for?" 

Buttigieg is the only openly gay candidate running for president, and the question of what his candidacy means for the future LGBTQ rights has been contested by scholars and advocates alike. While some argue that the LGBTQ representation Buttigieg brings to mainstream politics is monumental, others, like Micki McElya, professor at the University of Connecticut, make the point that the activists at Stonewall did not stand for the same politics that Buttigieg represents.

"Gay liberationists didn't want what straight, middle-class white America had, they wanted a new world, one in which conventional structures of domination were abolished," McElya wrote in an article about Buttigieg's campaign for the Boston Review. 

• Tesla revealed its Cybertruck all-electric pickup on Thursday night.
• It might be the most controversial vehicle in Tesla's history.
• The out-there design is a mash-up of numerous influences, ranging from Stealth fighters to the Dream Cars of the mid-20th century.

• Sign up for Business Insider's transportation newsletter, Shifting Gears, to get more stories like this in your inbox.

• Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.

The Tesla Cybertruck isn't for anybody who doesn't like bold design. 

Some critics have already characterized it as freakish. Other adore Tesla, CEO Elon Musk, and design head Franz Von Holzhausen's daring.

If you look closely at the Cybertruck, you can see numerous car-design references, ranging from fighter planes to movie machines.

Here's a rundown:

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The DMC DeLorean. The infamous brainchild of John DeLorean, the stainless-steel-skinned car that bore his name hit the road for a brief time before a drug bust and financial shenanigans killed the brand. It was renewed by the "Back to the Future" movies.

Lockheed's F-117 Nighthawk Stealth Fighter is a clustering of radar-defeating angles and edges that clearly caught Tesla designer Franz Von Holzhausen's attention.

A Spinner from the movie "Blade Runner"— these flying car's from director Ridley Scott's 1982 sci-fi epic were cited by Musk as inspiration for the Cybertruck.

So was the Lotus Esprit S1 from the 1977 James Bond flick "The Spy Who Loved Me." That film car transformed into a submarine — and Musk actually owns the original.

The Triumph TR7 was built from 1974-1981 and was immortalized for its wedge profile by the the "shape of things to come" advertising tagline

If Elon Musk has an equal for automotive showmanship, it's Land Rover design head Gerry McGovern. He welcomed the scorn for the brand's Evoque SUV, which has gone on to be a top-seller, despite its initially polarizing styling.

In the realm of actual pickup trucks, the Cybertruck's high sides for its bed are reminiscent of the first-generation Honda Ridgeline

The now-discontinued Chevy Avalanche also made use of this design feature, as did ...

... The mechanically similar Cadillac Escalade EXT.

Sorry, but I see some Pontiac Aztek in the Cybertruck. The reviled proto-crossover perhaps deserves more respect than it usually gets.

The war horse Hummer H1 isn't made up of sharp triangles, but it shows some intimidating edges and those wheel arches are very Cybertruck-y.

The Batmobile "Tumbler" and its successors in the films that followed offered a militaristic take on the Dark Knight's ride — and further Cybertruck inspiration from Hollywood.

Harley Earl's Dream Cars remind us that it's OK to show extremely out-there designs.

And of course the Cybertruck's headlight is pure ... Cylon.

• Frugality is one of the key characteristics of wealth, according to a researcher who studied more than 600 millionaires.
• Those who commit to saving, spending less, and sticking to a budget are more likely to become millionaires, she said.
• Many of the richest people, including Warren Buffett and Richard Branson, have surprisingly frugal habits.
• Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.

Many millionaires and billionaires have something in common aside from having high net worths: They're frugal.

It's this characteristic that helped them become rich in the first place, according to Sarah Stanley Fallaw, director of research for the Affluent Market Institute. She coauthored "The Next Millionaire Next Door: Enduring Strategies for Building Wealth," in which she surveyed more than 600 millionaires in America.

To identify characteristics that are the most predictive of net worth, Stanley Fallaw conducted two studies that included a group of individuals with net worths ranging from $100,000 to $1 million and a group of high- and ultra-high-net-worth individuals.

She found that six behaviors, which she called "wealth factors," are related to net-worth potential, regardless of age or income. One of those is frugality — a commitment to saving, spending less, and sticking to a budget.

That's not surprising when you consider the habits of some of the richest people: Warren Buffett is notoriously frugal, and Richard Branson has previously said that displays of wealth embarrass him. The same extends to some A-list celebrities who rake in millions for their movies and TV appearances.

Here's a look inside the lives of some famously frugal millionaires and billionaires.

SEE ALSO: A woman who studied 600 millionaires found how rich you can get boils down to 6 'wealth factors,' no matter your age or salary

DON'T MISS: A woman who studied 600 millionaires found 5 major differences in how the superrich spend their time. Here's what that looks like.

Sarah Stanley Fallaw, director of research for the Affluent Market Institute, studied more than 600 millionaires for her book, "The Next Millionaire Next Door: Enduring Strategies for Building Wealth."

She found that six behaviors, which she called "wealth factors," are related to net-worth potential, regardless of age or income.

Source: "The Next Millionaire Next Door"

One of those factors, frugality, came up several times during Stanley Fallaw's research — many of the millionaires she interviewed stressed the freedom that comes with spending below their means.

Source: "The Next Millionaire Next Door"

"Spending above your means, spending instead of saving for retirement, spending in anticipation of becoming wealthy makes you a slave to the paycheck, even with a stellar level of income," she wrote.

Source: "The Next Millionaire Next Door"

Several of the most well-known millionaires and billionaires built wealth by living frugally — a habit they continue to practice even after becoming rich.

Source: "The Next Millionaire Next Door"

Consider the billionaire Warren Buffett, who's worth $82.8 billion and is the third-richest person. Not one for lavish purchases, he spends relatively little money.

Source: Business Insider, Bloomberg

He previously told CNBC and Yahoo Finance's "Off the Cuff" that he's "never had any great desire to have multiple houses and all kinds of things and multiple cars."

Source: Business Insider

He still lives in his modest Omaha, Nebraska, home, which he bought for $31,500 in 1958. Adjusted for inflation, it's now worth about $276,700.

Source: Business Insider

He also drives a relatively modest set of wheels — a 2014 Cadillac XTS, which had an MSRP of $44,600.

Source: GOBankingRates, US News & World Report

And instead of buying a smartphone, he uses a flip phone.

Source: Business Insider

Buffett also famously pays only $18 for a haircut.

Source: Marketwatch

And he doesn't pay much for food — he spends no more than $3.17 on his daily McDonald's breakfast and gets dinner at the modest Gorat's steak house, where the menu items range from $3 to $41.

Source: Business Insider

Then there's "Canada's Warren Buffett," the billionaire Jim Pattison, who earned his nickname from his own relatively frugal lifestyle. Pattison is worth $6.57 billion ...

Source: Business Insider, Bloomberg

... but, like Buffett, he keeps his wheels modest, driving a Dodge Ram 1500 Laramie truck around his hometown. The pricing for the 2019 model ranges from $31,695 to $56,495.

Source: Edmunds, Bloomberg

His frugality partly stems from his upbringing: Pattison was born during the Great Depression and grew up poor, wearing hand-me-downs and living in "Vancouver's gritty east side."

Source: Bloomberg

"Most of the time, I didn't have the money to buy anything that was any good, so I had to buy stuff that nobody wanted," Pattison told Bloomberg.

Source: Bloomberg

The billionaire Richard Branson — who's now worth $5.28 billion — also has modest roots. He's frugal when it comes to luxury items, largely because he grew up in a middle-class family.

Source: The Guardian, Business Insider, Bloomberg

"The idea of having a possession that is there just as pure luxury, and is not actually paying its bills is something which I'd be embarrassed about," he previously told The Guardian.

Source: The Guardian

You wouldn't find a lot of expensive artwork hanging in any of his homes — he prefers to buy watercolors at reasonable prices.

Source: The Guardian

He also doesn't spend much on clothes.

Source: The Guardian

To Branson, the biggest luxury isn't money: "If we're talking about personal luxuries — and the luxury of being your own boss — the biggest reward is the amount of time one can find for family and friends."

Source: The Guardian

Like Pattison and Branson, Charlie Ergen's frugal habits at work and home also take root in the way he was brought up. Ergen stepped down as CEO of Dish Network in December 2017 and has a net worth of $11 billion.

Source: Business Insider, Business Insider, Bloomberg

"My mom grew up in the Depression," he told the Financial Times. "I don't have a mahogany desk."

Source: The Financial Times

Every day, he brown-bags his lunch, which consists of a sandwich and Gatorade.

Source: Business Insider

Despite her $4.59 billion net worth, Judy Faulkner, the founder of Epic Systems, also resists the lavish life: "I never had any personal desire to be a wealthy billionaire living lavishly," she wrote.

Source: Business Insider, Bloomberg

She reportedly has owned only two cars in the past 15 years and has lived in the same Madison, Wisconsin, suburb for nearly three decades.

Source: Business Insider

Mark Zuckerberg — the sixth-richest person, with a net worth of $63.6 billion — also lives a relatively low-key lifestyle.

Source: Business Insider, Bloomberg

His daily uniform consists of a simple T-shirt, a hoodie, and a pair of jeans.

Source: Business Insider

Read more: 9 iconic work uniforms, from Steve Jobs' black turtleneck to Karl Lagerfeld's sunglasses and 1,000 white, high-collared shirts

And he and his wife, Priscilla Chan, famously chowed down on McDonald's shortly after their backyard wedding in 2012.

Source: Business Insider

He's also been spotted driving relatively inexpensive cars, including an Acura TSX, a Volkswagen hatchback, and a Honda Fit, all of which are valued at or under $30,000.

Sources: Business Insider, CNBC

Jeff Bezos is also known to live modestly.

Source: Business Insider

With a net worth of $136 billion, Bezos is the richest person, but he used to drive a 1987 Chevy Blazer. As of 2013, he was driving a Honda Accord.

Source: Business Insider, Bloomberg

But billionaires, CEOs, investors, and businesspeople aren't the only ones who live frugally. Some celebrities don't act like they have millions to their names.

Consider Tyra Banks, who has always been more of a saver than a spender. One estimate puts the businesswoman, model, and producer's net worth at $90 million.

Source: Business Insider, INSIDER

"While a lot of models were partying it up and going shopping and buying a closet of designer clothes or staying at the top hotels during fashion week, I was at the DoubleTree or Embassy Suites, saving my money, and bought a house at 20 years old," she once said.

Source: MONEY via Business Insider

"I was always more interested in experiences over things," she told Money magazine. "Things didn't make me happy. I saved, saved, saved. But I saved to a fault."

Source: MONEY via Business Insider

Her accountants told her she needed to spend money and had her set up a frivolous account, in which she had to budget to spend money on "stupid stuff."

Source: MONEY via Business Insider

With the exception of his well-known car collection, Jay Leno — who has an estimated net worth of $350 million — is also quite the saver.

Source: Business Insider, Money

He has always tried to hold two jobs, spending the money from one job while saving money from the other.

Source: Business Insider

Early in his comedy career, Leno also worked at a car dealership. He saved his comedy money and spent his car-dealership money.

Source: Business Insider

When he hosted the "Tonight Show," he saved all of his "Tonight Show" money — reportedly as much as $30 million per year, according to CNBC — and spent only the money he made from stand-up-comedy touring.

Source: Business Insider

Likewise, Jennifer Lawrence, who was born to a middle-class family, has always been thrifty.

Source: Business Insider

"I was raised to have value for money, to have respect for money, even though you have a lot of it," she previously said.

Source: Business Insider

Even after her rise to fame and consequently hefty payouts — she received $15 million for the 2018 film "Red Sparrow" and was one of the highest-paid actresses that same year — she lived for several years in the same three-bedroom apartment she got when she moved to Los Angeles.

Source: Business Insider, Variety, Forbes

And she's been spotted driving a Chevy Volt, which has a $39,000 price tag.

Source: Business Insider

She also loves to clip coupons. "I still look for bargains when I go to the market," she said in an interview.

Source: Business Insider

The actress and singer Kristen Bell also loves coupons — she's previously said she exclusively shops with them.

Source: Business Insider

She's particularly a fan of Bed Bath & Beyond's 20% off coupons. "I may or may not have stolen them out of my neighbors' mailboxes sometimes," she told Conan O'Brien.

Source: Business Insider

And her wedding with Dax Shepard famously cost just $142, including the gas to get to the courthouse.

Source: Business Insider

That's pretty frugal for someone who reportedly earns $125,000 per episode of the TV show "The Good Place"— and that's not counting her undisclosed earnings from the movie "Frozen," which grossed more than $1.2 billion at the box office.

Source:The Cheat Sheet

• Shopping has changed a lot in the last 10 years.
• The rise and Amazon and e-commerce are just a few factors that have forced traditional retailers to change the way they function.
• From virtual and augmented reality and technological improvements to new e-commerce channels, here are six major ways shopping has changed in the last decade. 
• Sign up for Business Insider's retail newsletter, The Drive-Thru, to get more stories like this in your inbox.
• Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.

Shopping is different today than it was 10 years ago.

In the last decade, shopping has gone through a serious evolution that was in no small way impacted by the rise of e-commerce, Amazon, and augmented and virtual reality, as well as the decline of the department store. 

"E-commerce giant Amazon got one component right of the shopping experience — they focused on access, ease and convenience when customers wanted it," Leesa Wytock, the group director of experience at global brand strategy firm Siegel+Gale, told Business Insider in an email. 

The Amazon threat is just one of the factors spurring this shopping evolution. With the retail apocalypse ripping through the US, more than 9,100 stores are expected to close in 2019. Malls across the country are dying as department stores like Macy's and Sears, once important anchors for mall foot traffic, are closing down for good.

Stores and brands are being propelled into a new era of shopping, one where brick-and-mortar stores must adapt to survive.

Business Insider consulted with Wytock and Brian Byer, the vice president and general manager of Blue Fountain Media, to find the six biggest changes to shopping in the last decade.

Here's what they said:

SEE ALSO: 6 major ways malls have changed over the last decade

1. Malls have been dying.

Mass store closures are crippling shopping centers. More than 9,100 stores are expected to close in 2019.

Source: Business Insider

Between 20% to 25% of malls will close by 2022, according to a report done by Credit Suisse in 2017.

Source: Business Insider, Business Insider

2. Online shopping has taken off.

Online shopping overtook general merchandise sales (including department store sales) for the first time ever in February, according to the US Census Bureau.

Source: Business Insider

Major companies like Target and Walmart rely on online channels in addition to in-store sales.

And companies that have failed to understand online channels for growth have suffered because of it.

Bed Bath & Beyond, for example, has been accused of failing to adapt to compete with online sellers.

3. The growth of Amazon has forced companies to adapt.

"E-commerce giant Amazon got one component right of the shopping experience — they focused on access, ease and convenience when customers wanted it," Wytock said.

Retailers have utilized different tactics to compete. Kohl's announced a partnership with Amazon in 2017 to accept returns for the e-commerce giant in its stores, a move that boosted traffic nearly 24% in the three weeks after the partnership began, data from inMarket revealed.

"The move aimed to lure more people to Kohl's locations and give Amazon a physical presence to simplify the return process," Wytock said.

Source: Business Insider

4. The shipping wars have intensified.

Amazon said in April that it would cut its Prime two-day shipping guarantee to just one day.

Source: Business Insider

Walmart said in May that it would launch free, next-day shipping on orders costing at least $35.

Source: Business Insider

Other companies like Target have instituted similar programs to cut delivery time.

Source: Target

5. Buy online, pick up in store — or BOPIS — is growing.

This option helps customers avoid shipping costs, as shoppers can order online and then pick up items from designated locations in stores. Kohl's, for example, has lockers in some of its stores designated for this program.

Source: Kohl's

"For many consumers, free same-day pickup or drive-up service is more convenient than shopping," Wytock said.

6. Experiential elements are challenging the relevancy of brick-and-mortar stores.

Virtual or augmented reality apps and dressing rooms are a recent and massive advancement in shopping.

Source: Business Insider

"The ability to see how something looks on you, be it a cashmere sweater or a shade of eye shadow, was a competitive advantage brick-and-mortars had, until improvements like VR dressing rooms and customer service chatbots started embracing those missing functions," Byer said.

• On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks refused to give up her bus seat to a white passenger in Montgomery, Alabama.
• Parks was seated in the correct section, but because the bus was crowded, she was expected to give up her seat.
• Her act launched a 13-month boycott of the Montgomery bus system, eventually leading her to be declared the "mother of the civil rights movement."

• Visit Insider's homepage for more stories.

On December 1, 1955, Rosa Parks was arrested for failing to give up her bus seat to a white passenger. Her protest that day eventually sparked a 13-month bus boycott, which culminated with the Supreme Court declaring segregation on public transit unconstitutional. Parks was an advocate for racial equality from a very young age, and continued to fight for justice until she passed away in 2005. 

While Parks is best known for her bus protest, she has shown courage and perseverance in many other, less known ways. She served on the board of Planned Parenthood and even sued hip-hop duo Outkast for using her name without permission. Her life was full of grit and hard work, and Insider has collected 15 lesser-known facts to celebrate her legacy.

Both of Rosa Parks' grandparents were former slaves and strong advocates for racial equality.

Rosa Parks grew up on her grandparents' farm in Pine Level, Alabama. She remembered seeing the Ku Klux Klan march by her street as her father stood outside with a shotgun. 

She was in the small percentage of African Americans who earned high school diplomas.

She completed high school at a time when less than 7% of African Americans were earning high school diplomas. Parks actually dropped out when she was 16 to care for her dying grandmother, but with her husband's encouragement, at age 19 she went back to school. She earned her diploma in 1933.

She became active in the civil rights movement 12 years before she refused to give up her seat.

She became active in the movement in 1943 and also joined the NAACP in Montgomery. She later served as its secretary.

Parks spent many years traveling through Alabama and interviewing victims of discrimination.

As secretary of the Alabama State Conference of the NAACP, Parks would travel throughout Alabama, speaking with victims of discrimination and those who had seen lynchings. She reported these stories and shared the personal accounts with her team at the NAACP. 

The bus driver who called the police and arrested her had actually given her a hard time more than 10 years earlier.

In 1943, Parks boarded a bus driven by James Blake. He told her she had to pay her fare at the back of the bus, and as soon as she hopped off, he drove away. Parks actively tried to avoid Blake, but on December 1, 1955, he was the driver who ended up calling the police on her. 

"If I had been paying attention," she wrote in her autobiography, "I wouldn't even have gotten on that bus."

Parks wasn't the first to refuse to give up her seat on a Montgomery bus —a 15-year-old girl was.

In March 1955, nine months before Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat, 15-year-old Claudette Colvin refused to give up hers on a Montgomery bus, and she was arrested. Before her, Aurelia Browder, Mary Louise Smith, and Susie McDonald had all challenged bus segregation laws in Alabama. 

Despite reports that Parks had not left her seat because she was tired, she disputed that account in her autobiography.

Parks explained in her autobiography that she was not physically tired that day. Instead, she emphasized,"I was not old, although some people have an image of me as being old then. I was 42. No, the only tired I was, was tired of giving in."

Her arrest inspired the Montgomery bus boycott, which lasted for 381 days.

On the day of Parks' trial, people were encouraged to walk, taxi, or share rides to work in protest of the arrest. This prompted organizers to plan a boycott, which became the Montgomery bus boycott and lasted for 381 days. It was successful: The Supreme Court declared segregation on public transit unconstitutional. 

Not giving up her seat wasn't Parks' only arrest. A year later, she was jailed once again.

On February 22, 1956, 114 protesters, including Parks, were arrested for going against the bus segregation laws during the Montgomery bus boycott. The arrest was an important opportunity to gain media attention and continue propelling the boycott forward. 

During the bus boycott, Parks and her husband lost their jobs, received death threats, and eventually moved to Detroit.

Parks worked as a seamstress in a department store but was fired after her arrest, although she was told it was not because of the boycott. She also received endless phone calls and death threats. In 1957, Parks, her husband, and her mother packed up everything and moved to Detroit.

She served on the board of the Planned Parenthood Federation of America.

Once in Detroit, Parks worked as a secretary for US Representative John Conyers' congressional office, as well as serving on the board of Planned Parenthood. 

She was named one of Time magazine's "20 Most Influential People of the 20th Century."

Bill Clinton also awarded Parks the Presidential Medal of Freedom, the highest honor given by the United States' executive branch. The next year, she was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal, the highest award given by the US legislative branch.

Rosa Parks filed a lawsuit against hip-hop group Outkast after they released a song titled "Rosa Parks."

In 1998, the hip-hop duo released a song titled "Rosa Parks," with a chorus singing "Ah-ha, hush that fuss. Everybody move to the back of the bus."

Parks filed a lawsuit against the duo the following year, arguing defamation and false advertising because the group used her name without her permission. The group fought back, claiming its song was protected by the first amendment. 

The case was eventually settled in 2005, with the group agreeing to work with Rosa Parks and the Raymond Parks Institute to help develop educational programs and inspire today's youth. 

When Parks died, 50,000 people came to Washington DC to see her casket.

Parks, who was 92 when she died, was buried between her mother and husband at Detroit's Woodlawn Cemetery. In fact, the chapel where the service was held was eventually renamed the Rosa L. Parks Freedom Chapel.

There is an iconic statue of Parks in the United States Capitol's National Statuary Hall.

The life-size statue honors Parks, who is also the first black woman to be honored with a statue in the US Capitol. 

Parks once wrote, "We are here on Earth to live, grow up, and do what we can to make this world a better place for all people to enjoy freedom."

• Read more:
• 60 years ago today, Rosa Parks refused to leave her bus seat — here's the police report
• A 2-time Super Bowl winner says Colin Kaepernick will go down in history like Muhammad Ali and Rosa Parks
• Billy Graham will be the 4th private citizen to lie in honor in the US Capitol — here's what that means
• One of America's most important civil rights laws was signed 50 years ago today

• While Amazon has Prime Day to offer great deals in the summer, it's certainly not going to hold back during Black Friday.
• Amazon's early Black Friday deals are now live and will run through November 29.  
• Of course, all of Amazon's popular devices and services (Echo, Fire TV, Ring, Whole Foods, Audible, etc.) will prominently be on sale. Right now, the best device deals are $45 off the Kindle Paperwhite and $30 off the Fire HD 8 Tablet.
• We're also keeping tabs on the best deals available online at Walmart, Best Buy, Target, Nordstrom, The Home Depot, and more stores.

Black Friday is a big time of year to shop kitchen appliances, TVs, smart home devices, and other tech. You can shop Black Friday sales at a large variety of retailers, but more likely than not, you'll find yourself lingering on one specific online shop: Amazon.

Amazon has released early deals ahead of Black Friday, including a preview of soon-to-be-released deals on many Amazon devices.

You can shop early holiday deals on its Black Friday Countdown page, which updates every day with new, limited-time deals, including Lightning Deals.

We also rounded up a list of the best early deals that Amazon is offering right now. 

The live deals below are the same ones that will be available on Black Friday — that means if you're interested now, you can take advantage of them before they sell out on the big day. 

The top 5 best early Amazon Black Friday deals

• Kindle Paperwhite, $85 (originally $130) [You save $45] + $5 ebook credit 
• Fire HD 8 Tablet, $50 (originally $80) [You save $30] 
• Amazon Music Unlimited: New members get four months for $1 (originally $32) [You save $31] 
• Ecobee Smart Thermostat, $199 (originally $249) [You save $50]
• 23andMe DNA Test - Health + Ancestry, $99 (originally $199) [You save $100]

Check out more Amazon Black Friday 2019 deals:

Live deals: Fire Tablets and Kindle ebook readers

There's a tablet for every age group and budget. Pick up a Kindle device if you need an ebook reader. 

• Fire 7 Tablet, $30 (originally $50) [You save $20] 
• Fire 7 Kids Edition, $60 (originally $100) [You save $40] 
• Fire HD 8, $50 (originally $80) [You save $30] 
• Fire HD 8 Kids Edition, $80 (originally $130) [You save $50]
• Fire HD 10 Tablet, $100 (originally $150) [You save $50] 
• Fire HD 10 Kids Edition, $150 (originally $200) [You save $50] 
• Kindle Paperwhite, $85 (originally $130) [You save $45] + $5 ebook credit 

Live deal: Ecobee Smart Thermostat

Ecobee Smart Thermostat, $199 (originally $249) [You save $50] 

The thermostat has Alexa built in, an innovative sensor that adjusts settings based on the current room occupancy and temperature, and a sleek touch display. 

Live deal: 23andMe DNA Test - Health + Ancestry

23andMe DNA Test - Health + Ancestry, $99 (originally $199) [You save $100] 

Learn all about your genes and ancestry with this convenient, at-home kit. 

Live deal: Samsung Galaxy S10 + free Galaxy Buds

Samsung Galaxy S10 Factory Unlocked Phone (512GB), $950 (originally $1,150) [You save $200] + free Galaxy Buds 

If you don't care about having the latest Galaxy model (the new S11 should come out early next year), then you'll want to take advantage of this S10 deal. It throws in a free pair of Samsung's wireless earbuds, a $120 value. 

Live deal: Philips Sonicare ProtectiveClean 5100 Electric Toothbrush

Philips Sonicare ProtectiveClean 5100 Electric Toothbrush, $60 with coupon (originally $90) [You save $30] 

Many of Philips Sonicare's electric toothbrushes cost more than $100. The 5100 is an affordable alternative that still gets the cleaning job done with three cleaning modes, a pressure sensor, and gentle bristles. 

Live deal: Quility Weighted Blanket

Quility 60" x 80" 15-Pound Weighted Blanket, $89.70 with coupon (originally $129.70) [You save $40]

The duvet cover is removable so you can enjoy the anxiety-reducing comfort of this blanket no matter the season. 

Amazon memberships

Stream music, listen to audiobooks, read ebooks, and watch your favorite shows and movies with these affordable Amazon memberships. 

• Amazon Music Unlimited: New members get four months for $1  
• Kindle Unlimited: New members get three months for free, or six months for $29.97 
• Get $10 in ebook credit when you spend $30 on ebooks
• Audible: New members receive a bonus $15 Amazon credit and their first three months of an Audible membership at $6.95 a month - available from November 25 to November 27
• Prime Video: Prime members get 50% off rentals and purchases of new release movies - available from November 29 to December 5

Echo deals

Many of Amazon's Echo smart speakers and devices will be on sale, including the all-new flagship Echo speaker. 

• Amazon Smart Plug, $5 when purchased as a bundle with Echo Dot, Echo Dot with Clock, Echo, Echo Show 5, or Echo Studio [You save $20] - available November 27
• Echo Dot with Clock, $35 (originally $60) [You save $25] - available November 28
• Echo Dot, $22 (originally $50) [You save $28] - available November 28
• Echo (3^rd gen), $60 (originally $100) [You save $40] - available November 28
• Echo Show 5, $50 (originally $90) [You save $40]  - available November 28
• Echo Show, $150 (originally $230) [You save $80] - available November 28

Security camera deals

You have two Amazon-owned security brands to choose from: Ring and Blink. 

• Ring Video Doorbell Pro + Echo Show 5 bundle, $179 (originally $339) [You save $160]
• Blink XT2 3 Camera Kit, $185 (originally $250) [You save $65] - available November 27
• Ring Indoor Cam 2 Pack, $100 (originally $140) [You save $40 off] - available November 27

Fire TV deals

Upgrade your at-home TV experience with a Fire TV streaming stick or device. 

• Fire TV Stick with Alexa Voice Remote, $20 (originally $40) [You save $20] - available November 24
• Fire TV Cube, $90 (originally $120) [You save $30] - available November 24

Upcoming deals

These deals are set to go live by November 29. Check back soon to see full details. 

• Save on Instant Pot
• SodaStream: Up to 30% off 
• Vitamix: Up to 35% off 
• Luxury beauty, skin care, hair: Up to 40% off
• Levi's: Up to 40% off 
• AmazonBasics: Up to 50% off men's and women's clothing, bed and bath, office furniture and supplies, kitchen electrics, luggage and travel 

Amazon Black Friday FAQs

When is Amazon's Black Friday Deals Week? 

This year, Amazon's Black Friday Deals Week starts a little early. Deals across a wide range of categories are already live and will be available through November 29. These include limited-time Lightning Deals. 

Additionally, there will be new, one-time-only deals on Thanksgiving, Black Friday, and Cyber Monday. 

Though Black Friday is technically on November 29, the holiday is part of a five-day period that Amazon calls "the Turkey 5." Every year, it smashes previous sales records during the Turkey 5 — last year, Amazon sold more than 180 million items and the Echo Dot was the number one bestseller globally. 

What Black Friday deals can you find on Amazon? 

In addition to deals from top brands and small businesses, Amazon is sure to offer can't-miss discounts on its own line of products and services. These include:

• Echo speakers
• Fire TV streaming devices
• Ring smart security cameras
• Whole Foods groceries
• Audible audiobook memberships

Big brands will have the same deals across all the major retailers (Target, Walmart, Best Buy), so where you shop those deals might come down to a matter of personal preference. Where Amazon sets itself apart is on the exclusive products and services above, as well as quick-moving, limited-time Lightning Deals and exclusive deals on its collection of Handmade items.

Why shop Amazon on Black Friday 2019? 

The promises of free same-day and two-day shipping for Prime members make it all too tempting to stick to shopping on Amazon this Black Friday for all your personal and gifting needs. If you need a product at your door quickly, try looking for it on Amazon first. 

See more Black Friday sales and deals

• The absolute best Black Friday deals of 2019
• The best tech deals of Black Friday 2019
• Kohl's Black Friday deals 2019
• Walmart Black Friday deals 2019
• Target Black Friday deals 2019
• The Home Depot Black Friday deals 2019
• The best mattress deals on Black Friday 2019

• Salesforce's Dreamforce is a big party. But it's also a chance for attendees to hear from business leaders on the challenges and successes their companies face in the digital era.
• Business Insider attended and spoke with executives from Salesforce, MuleSoft, BMW Group, Deloitte, and Frito-Lay, who all provided book recommendations that can help digital leaders excel in their jobs. 
• The nine picks ranged from well-known business books endorsed by the likes of Bill Gates, to a children's book that has been around for decades. 
• Click here for more BI Prime content.

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA— A lot of Salesforce's Dreamforce is a party. But it's also a chance for attendees to hear from top business leaders about the biggest technology challenges facing companies. 

At the November gathering of employees, customers, vendors, analysts, and reporters that takes over downtown San Francisco, Business Insider spoke to executives from Salesforce, MuleSoft, BMW, Deloitte, and Frito-Lay. We asked each of them about the books that provide inspiration in their day-to-day lives. For some, those were the same favorites as luminaries like Bill Gates. Others cited childhood books that continue to resonate with them decades later. 

Below is the list of nine recommendations for those digital leaders looking to get a leg up at work, or simply seeking a good book for the cold winter months. 

SEE ALSO: The top books tech chiefs recommend to help leaders influence employees and spearhead digital overhauls

"Educated: A Memoir," by Tara Westover

The 2018 best-seller endorsed by former President Barack Obama and Bill Gates tracks Westover's journey from her childhood in the mountains of Idaho with survivalist parents to Cambridge University. 

She entered college with no formal education to speak of. The story is, ultimately, about being self-aware enough to understand what education really means.

The message stuck with Irvine, who correlated it to the need for tech leaders to remember the "many different perspectives of people out there" when managing digital overhauls. 

"Surely You're Joking, Mr. Feynman!" by Richard Feynman

A Nobel Prize-winning physicist, Feynman's writing focuses on how to reduce very complex issues into uncomplicated language that is accessible to all. It's why the book had such a profound impact on Stokes when he read it in his 20s. 

"The man was an incredible teacher and he had an incredible capability to break down any problem into a really silly question that anyone can answer," Stokes told Business Insider.

"The Little Prince," by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry

A children's book published in 1943, Asorey read it as a kid and continues to read it to this day as he traverses the complicated fields of data science and management. 

He draws a distinction between the story about the young prince who travels across the solar system and Sun Tzu's "The Art of War," a book commonly cited by business leaders as an important strategy guide (but one based on militaristic approaches). 

"Both have a lot of incredible insights and incredible lessons for life that you could apply," said Asorey. But "I'm more of a little prince."  

"Homo Deus: A Brief History of Tomorrow," by Yuval Noah Harari

The follow-on from Harari's blockbuster "Sapiens," the book won acclaim from Bill Gates and earned a spot on Time's top non-fiction books in 2017. 

For Briggs, the book stood out for its examination of the need to "solve for mortality, happiness, and divinity" over the next 100 years, and the role of ethical technology in that. 

They are topics that he says have evolved past "scotch-based discussions" and are now ones that Briggs brings up when he meets with boards of directors.

"Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World," by Jack Weatherford

The book tracks Khan and the Mongol army's rise to power, and the culture that they brought along with them on the journey to conquer the bulk of the civilized world at the time. 

Lindsey, a big history buff, was most enamored with Khan's willingness to embrace the cultures — like gun powder from China and freedom of religion — of all the lands he won, and how that acceptance of innovation propelled the growth of the empire.

It also taught Lindsey that, ultimately, one's job is only a portion of their life. "What we do is just not that important. Looking back 1,000 years and realizing that the world is a very long-running place," he said. "If we sell chips, we should have fun selling chips." 

"Hit Refresh: The Quest to Rediscover Microsoft's Soul and Imagine a Better Future for Everyone," by Satya Nadella

Nadella's 2017 autobiography of sorts tells the story of the ongoing change within Microsoft amid a pivot to advanced technology like artificial intelligence and quantum computing. But it ends up being much more than that. 

The 52-year-old CEO shares his own immigration story to the US from India and the leadership lessons he learned that propelled him to leading one of the world's largest companies — and one of the few with a market cap over $1 trillion. 

For those leading digital overhauls like Lindsey, the book also pushes the powerful message of "having a growth mindset versus a restrictive mindset." 

"It's much more fun to be a company and one that embraces growth and complexity," he said. "There are certain private equity companies and such that would have a very different view, and that's a much more restrictive mindset." 

"The Big Five for Life: Leadership's Greatest Secret," by John Strelecky

The fictional story follows 55-year-old CEO Thomas Derale — known as one of the world's greatest leaders — in the final weeks of his life. The main thrust is Derale's conversations with Joe, a close friend who also serves as the book's narrator.

The title reflects Derale's belief that people should write down in explicit detail the five things that they want to achieve in their life — and use that as a roadmap. For companies, this can means writing down the five actions that could, for example, improve employee satisfaction or production, and pursue it with passion.

Ultimately, Wies says the book allows one "to reflect on what the purpose of your job is" and how it fits into other life goals. 

"21 Lessons for the 21st Century," by Yuval Noah Harari

Harari's second appearance on this list, each one of the 21 chapters in the book attempts to tackle a different global challenge, like the rise of false news stories and the ethical concerns around the use of personal data. 

Neubauer says many of the examinations rings especially true now given the ongoing debate around ethics and advanced technology, like artificial intelligence.

"Blue Ocean Strategy: How to Create Uncontested Market Space and Make Competition Irrelevant," by W. Chan Kim and Renee Mauborgne

In their best-selling book from 2005, Kim and Mauborgne argue that the most profitable and innovative companies are those that seek out the untapped market space, instead of competing in crowded markets for the highest share.

It's that "really powerful" style of thinking, Mulcahy says, that can help companies make their rivals "irrelevant." 

• Some of the most talked-about films of the year include superhero films, gripping action flicks, and compelling dramas. 
• Select films like "The Farewell,""Booksmart," and "Toy Story 4" received overwhelmingly positive reviews from critics.
• On the other hand, critics ripped apart movies like "Dumbo,""Glass," and "Dark Phoenix."
• Visit Insider's homepage for more stories. 

2019 was full of inventive horror films, poignant family dramas, and a seemingly endless parade of superhero battles.

Many of these big-name flicks received a lot of buzz, but some had far more positive reviews than others. 

Here are 30 of the most talked-about movies of the year, ranked by their critical scores on Rotten Tomatoes. 

Note: All scores were current on the date of publication and are subject to change.

"Dark Phoenix" was called a low point for the "X-Men" series.

Rotten Tomatoes score: 23%

Summary: After a mission in space goes disastrously wrong, Jean Grey (Sophie Turner) absorbs powerful cosmic energy that she struggles to control. As she starts to pose a threat to others, Charles Xavier (James McAvoy) and the other X-Men band together to save Jean before it's too late. 

Critics largely agreed that the final installment in the X-Men franchise ended the series on a low note. 

"'Dark Phoenix' is the final nail in the X-Men franchise's coffin, and it's now up to Marvel Studios to resurrect it," wrote Josh Wilding in his review for Comic Book Movie. "It has its good points and you'll find moments to enjoy, but this is ultimately too average to matter."

Critics were disappointed by the supernatural sequel "Glass."

Rotten Tomatoes score: 37%

Summary: A sequel to "Unbreakable" (2000) and "Split" (2016), "Glass" centers around three supernaturally gifted men: David Dunn (Bruce Willis), Elijah Price (Samuel L. Jackson), and Kevin Wendell Crumb (James McAvoy) as they confront each other within the confines of a mental asylum. 

Critics felt that M. Night Shyamalan's sequel missed the mark with "Glass," despite the talented cast at his disposal. 

"You have to admire Shyamalan's efforts to deconstruct a genre that he evidently loves, yet there is just so little to haunt or to fool us in the result, and a few sharp laughs might have helped his cause," wrote Anthony Lane for The New Yorker. 

Critics questioned the necessity of Disney's remake of "Dumbo."

Rotten Tomatoes score: 47%

Summary: Based on the original 1941 animated film, Tim Burton's "Dumbo" follows circus workers Max Medici (Danny DeVito) and Holt Farrier (Colin Farrell) as they turn a unique baby elephant with oversized ears into a crowd-pleasing circus performer. 

Although some reviewers found sincerity in the film, the majority of critics expressed disappointment in "Dumbo," with many questioning why it needed to be remade. 

"The refurbished story, both numbing in its predictability and painstakingly woke, is the clearest indicator that this reboot need not exist," wrote Leah Pickett for the Chicago Reader.

"The Lion King" remake earned mixed praise from critics.

Rotten Tomatoes score: 53%

Summary: "The Lion King" was another live-action remake from Disney studios, centering around young lion cub Simba (Donald Glover) as he comes of age in the savannas of Africa. Turned away by his uncle after a startling loss, Simba finds a new family with his pals Timon (Billy Eichner) and Pumba (Seth Rogen). 

Many critics felt that the charm of the original "Lion King" (1994) was lost in translation among the photorealistic CGI renderings, but most said that it was a good-natured movie all the same. 

"'The Lion King' captures just enough of the original's warmhearted excitement — and introduces enough new delights — to feel like more than a cynical Disney money grab," wrote Hannah Giorgis in her review for The Atlantic. 

Critics called "Aladdin" a serviceable re-imagining of the original film.

Rotten Tomatoes score: 57%

Summary: A re-imagining of "Aladdin" (1992), the live-action film follows the adventures of good-hearted thief Aladdin (Mena Massoud). After he comes upon a magic lamp that awakens a magical genie (Will Smith) he attempts to use his three wishes to win the heart of Princess Jasmine (Naomi Scott). 

"Aladdin" earned mixed reception from critics, with some finding fault in the movie's direction and others lending praise to its inherent charm. 

"'Aladdin' delivers the goods, especially when the music is playing, and while it may not be exactly what you wished for, it's close enough," wrote Mathew DeKinder for the Suburban Journals of St. Louis. 

Reviewers said "Alita: Battle Angel" was a fun, if lengthy, action film.

Rotten Tomatoes score: 60%

Summary: In the action-adventure film "Alita: Battle Angel," an abandoned cyborg (Rosa Salazar) attempts to make a new life in Iron City with the help of a caring doctor (Christoph Waltz). As the city turns against her, Alita realizes that dangers from her past have come back to haunt her. 

Critics generally enjoyed "Alita: Battle Angel," saying it was a bit too long, but the action was unapologetically fun. 

"'Alita: Battle Angel' is an action-packed ride that had me in tears," wrote John Nguyen for Nerd Reactor. "It's definitely one of my favorite live-action films based on the manga and anime, and Rosa Salazar as Alita brings a lot of heart to the film."

"It: Chapter Two" received a slew of positive and negative reviews.

Rotten Tomatoes score: 63%

Summary: In the stirring follow-up to "It" (2017), the sequel reconnects with the kids of the "Loser Club" decades later as they find themselves called back to the town of Derry, Maine. They soon realize that they'll never escape their past until Pennywise the clown is defeated once and for all. 

Although critics were split on their opinion of "It Chapter Two," many felt that it served as an apt companion piece to the first film. 

"If perhaps it isn't nearly as daring as King's novel, capturing the tone and emotional essence goes a long way towards making this study on fear and trembling effectively entertaining," wrote Nicholas Bell for Ion Cinema. 

Critics called "Fast & Furious Presents: Hobbs & Shaw" fast, silly, and fun.

Rotten Tomatoes score: 67%

Summary: After facing off against each other in "Furious 7" (2015), Hobbs (Dwayne Johnson) partners up with Shaw (Jason Statham) to take on genetically enhanced Brixton (Idris Elba). Hobbs and Shaw race against time to stop Brixton from getting his hands on a bio-threat that could destroy the world. 

Critics called out how silly "Fast & Furious Presents: Hobbs & Shaw" was, but many found the film to be entertaining. 

"It's a thoroughly fun action comedy that delivers exactly what it promises - and if the screening I attended is any indication, kids will love it,"Matthew Rozsa wrote for Salon.

Critics found "Pokémon Detective Pikachu" endearing and cute.

Rotten Tomatoes score: 68%

Summary: After he is told that his father has gone missing and is presumed dead, Tim Goodman (Justice Smith) partners up with his dad's Pokemon (voiced by Ryan Reynolds) to find the truth. As they piece together clues about his father's disappearance, Tim and Pikachu stumble upon a larger mystery bigger than they could have ever predicted. 

Although the film had some stumbles and missteps, most critics described the film as light and fun family entertainment. 

"Smart, imaginative and sweet, 'Detective Pikachu' offers something for everyone," wrote Katie Smith-Wong for Flick Feast.

"Joker" was called a dark and gritty character study.

Rotten Tomatoes score: 69%

Summary: Batman's infamous villain has his origin story unraveled in the dramatic thriller "Joker." Clown-for-hire Arthur Fleck (Joaquin Phoenix) aspires to be a stand-up comic but the insidious world around him, coupled with his debilitating mental health, leads him down a dark path. 

Reviews for "Joker" were largely positive, and though some critics painted it as bleak and dull, many said that Phoenix shined in the role. 

"If there is a meaningful difference between performing and acting, Joaquin Phoenix surely exemplifies the former here, creepily contorting as the Clown Prince of Crime in Todd Phillips' timely, toxic take on the Making of a Murdering Madman,"wrote Matthew Lickona for San Diego Reader. 

Critics described "Isn't It Romantic" as likable and charming.

Rotten Tomatoes score: 70%

Summary: Natalie (Rebel Wilson) has always thought romance movies were ridiculous but when she hits her head and wakes up in an alternate world, she realizes she might be in one.

Starring in her own romantic comedy, Natalie navigates her place in a shinier New York City and a cut-throat workplace, all while trying to win over heart-throb Blake (Liam Hemsworth).

Critics said that "Isn't It Romantic" played into the very tropes it tried to parody, but most came out of the theater charmed by the comedy. 

"So many charming, carefully-crafted laughs that make it worth an hour and 28 minutes of your time," wrote Hannah Chambers for Cosmopolitan. "It's like the writers forced a robot to watch years worth of rom-coms, and then scientifically created this perfect spin with all of their idiosyncrasies."

Critics said "Scary Stories to Tell in the Dark" was surprisingly imaginative.

Rotten Tomatoes score: 78%

Summary: Based on the gruesome children's series, "Scary Stories to Tell in the Dark" takes place in 1968 as a group of young teens break into a haunted mansion and mistakenly unleash a dark force upon their town of Mill Valley. As their friends start to disappear, Stella (Zoe Margaret Colletti) tries to quell a dark spirit before it takes her as well. 

Even though some reviews pointed to a weak screenplay, most critics were taken aback by the film's strong production value and inventive imagery. 

"Impressively gruesome and thematically rich, drawing on political allegory that goes far beyond the simple spooks and scares of the stories themselves,"Katie Walsh wrote for Nerdist. 

"Captain Marvel" was rescued by a strong central performance.

Rotten Tomatoes score: 78%

Summary: "Captain Marvel" traces the origin story of superhero Carol Danvers (Brie Larson) as she returns to earth in search of her past. Teaming up with Nick Fury (Samuel L. Jackson), Carol works to discover who she really is all while they face off against a planetary threat. 

Although superhero films are hardly few and far between these days, critics enjoyed the film and pointed to the unique charisma of Larson's performance as a highlight. 

"Superhero cinema has lectured us, ad infinitum, on the responsibility that is conferred by extraordinary gifts,"Anthony Lane wrote for The New Yorker. "Praise be to Larson, for reminding us that they can be bringers of fun."

"Good Boys" was praised for its good-natured humor.

Rotten Tomatoes score: 79%

Summary: Desperate to learn more about girls before they transition into middle school, Max (Jacob Tremblay) and his friends spy on their female neighbors. When the girls destroy his father's drone to teach them a lesson, Max and his pals go on a ludicrous adventure that involves skipping school, dodging the cops, and getting a jumpstart on puberty. 

Despite the movie's raunchy nature, critics doled out positive reviews for "Good Boys," calling it a surprisingly wholesome coming-of-age tale.

 "The movie's charm comes from its ability to conjure up the innocence of the twilight of childhood; its humor arises from the adult perspective of certain not-so-innocent things," wrote James Berardinelli for Reel Views. "'Good Boys' may not be for everyone but my funny bone was tickled."

Critics loved "Long Shot" because of the chemistry between its leads.

Rotten Tomatoes score: 81%

Summary: In the romantic comedy "Long Shot," Fred Flarksy (Seth Rogen) reconnects with his childhood crush Charlotte Field (Charlize Theron), who now works as a diplomat. Charmed by his self-deprecating humor, Charlotte invites him along as a speechwriter as she campaigns for president. 

Critics felt that "Long Shot" did little to break new ground in the romantic-comedy genre, but they applauded the chemistry between Rogen and Theron. 

Rhys Tarling wrote for Isolated Nation: "Even when the story is treading well-worn territory, Rogen and Theron are so authentic and lively together that you don't care [if] you know exactly where it's going, you're just happy to be along for the ride."

"Midsommar" was hailed as an inventive, thrilling horror movie.

Rotten Tomatoes score: 83%

Summary: Following a horrific family tragedy, Dani (Florence Pugh) travels to Sweden with her long-term boyfriend Christian (Jack Reynor) to attend a summer festival that only happens once every seven decades. As people begin to disappear and things go amiss, Dani suspects that the small Swedish village harbors a dark secret. 

Critics praised "Midsommar" as a successful follow-up to writer-director Ari Aster's debut film "Hereditary" (2018). 

"Even more than 'Hereditary,' 'Midsommar' lives on the edge where horror meets absurdity, prompting the kind of laughter that comes from not knowing how else to respond," wrote Jake Wilson for The Age. 

Critics called "Downton Abbey" a pleasant follow-up to a cherished series.

Rotten Tomatoes score: 84%

Summary: An extension of the much-beloved television series, "Downton Abbey" picks up where the show left off, with the high-class Crawley family anticipating the arrival of the king and queen. As the Crawley residence learns that the royal rulers travel with their own staff and servants, tension arises in the noble Abbey. 

Critics generally favored "Downton Abbey" as an enjoyable addendum to the established television series. 

"With a two-hour running time, 'Downton Abbey' can indulge itself in some of the more delicious aspects of its six-season run," wrote John Anderson in his review for the Wall Street Journal. 

"The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part" was called a fun romp for the whole family.

Rotten Tomatoes score: 85%

Summary: In the "Lego Movie" animated sequel, Emmet (Chris Pratt), Lucy (Elizabeth Banks) and their Lego friends band together to defend Bricksburg from an ominous threat that could wipe out their entire world. 

Critics called "The Lego Movie 2: The Second Part" an exhilarating ride that was sure to please kids and adults in equal measure. 

"Suffice to say that it's a hell of a ride, with poignant things to say about the earnestness of adolescence and the frustrations of sibling conflict," wrote Ed Potton for The Times UK. 

Critics said "Rocketman" was a well-crafted dive into Elton John's early years.

Rotten Tomatoes score: 89%

Summary: The musical drama "Rocketman" seeks to tell the story of Elton John's (Taron Egerton's) early life, from bright-eyed child to disillusioned rock god. As he rises to the top of the charts, Elton relies on his friend and songwriter Bernie Taupin (Jamie Bell) to keep him on the right path. 

"Rocketman" was received as a colorful and inventive biopic, as well as a delightful homage to Elton John's discography. 

"The movie not only does a fine job in finding the emotionally and narratively meaningful moments for the songs, but also reminds you what power lies in the magical combination of music and lyrics itself," wrote Zhuo-Ning Su for Awards Daily. 

"Shazam!" earned praise as a fresh and exciting take on superheroes.

Rotten Tomatoes score: 90%

Summary: After meeting an ancient wizard, down-on-his-luck foster kid Billy Baston (Asher Angel) is given the power to become a super-strong, towering superhero (Zachary Levi) named Shazam. But Billy soon realizes that his powers come with a newfound responsibility to protect his city from danger. 

In an age of superhero origin stories, a lot of critics praised "Shazam!" for delivering a fresh take on a well-worn premise. 

Matthew Norman wrote for the London Evening Standard: "After lazy reliance on phoney gravitas and blundering with its first serious stab at levity with 'Aquaman,' DC has found a comic torch-bearer of pure heart to illuminate the path of righteousness ahead."

"John Wick: Chapter 3 - Parabellum" was full of fantastic action sequences.

Rotten Tomatoes score: 90%

Summary: In the third installment of the "John Wick" franchise, John (Keanu Reeves) remains excommunicated from the illustrious guild of assassins he held dominion over.

With a $14 million bounty on his head, John lives a life on the run and leaves a bloody body count in his wake. 

Some critics said that although the sequel didn't live up the potential of the first film, "Parabellum" was unparalleled in its action choreography and stunning cinematography. 

"It's really impossible to keep track of all the rules, but you don't really care... because the action scenes are so elaborate, so well-choreographed, and so much fun," wrote film critic Wade Major in his review for Film Week. 

Critics called "Spider-Man: Far From Home" a worthy entry in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.

Rotten Tomatoes score: 90%

Summary: In the wake of the universe-altering events of "Avengers: Endgame" (2019), Peter Parker (Tom Holland) and his friends try to regain normalcy in their lives by attending a school trip to Europe. But Peter soon learns that his responsibilities as Spider-Man can never really take a vacation. 

Critics said that "Spider-Man: Far From Home" had a few flaws but as a whole it was a satisfying addition to the Marvel Cinematic Universe. 

"[T]his one is a genuine winner and never wears out its welcome, even if we've all seen far too many superhero movies this past decade,"Jeff York wrote for Creative Screenwriting. 

Critics said "How to Train Your Dragon: The Hidden World" ended on a high note.

Rotten Tomatoes score: 91%

Summary: Taking place a few years after "How to Train Your Dragon" and its sequel, "The Hidden World" picks up with Hiccup (Jay Baruchel) and Astrid (America Ferrera) ruling the small village of Berk and its citizens as they live peacefully beside dragons. When Hiccup's dragon Toothless is placed in danger, Hiccup goes to the ends of the earth for his winged friend. 

Critics felt that "How to Train Your Dragon: The Hidden World" provided a fitting end to the animated series. 

"So much of 'The Hidden World' is stuffed with filler material. But in certain wordless moments, this grand final entry really sings," wrote The Atlantic critic David Sims. 

"Fighting With My Family" was applauded as a strong sports comedy.

Rotten Tomatoes score: 92%

Summary: The sports comedy "Fighting With My Family" tells the story of British teenager Raya Knight (Florence Pugh) and her brother Zak (Jack Lowden) as they receive a rare opportunity to audition for the WWE. When Raya is accepted and her brother is left behind, she pushes herself to earn acclaim for her family in the world of wrestling. 

Critics admired the film for its earnest message, with many giving particular praise to Pugh for her electrifying performance. 

"Pugh is the film's main weapon," wrote Charlotte O'Sullivan for the London Evening Standard. "Hauntingly intense in 'The Falling' and 'Lady Macbeth,' the 23-year-old turns out to be an effortlessly nuanced comedian."

"Us" was hailed as an intriguing, original horror film.

Rotten Tomatoes score: 93%

Summary: In the horror thriller"Us," a paranoid Adelaide (Lupita Nyong'o) is already reluctant to visit her family's vacation home with her husband (Winston Duke) and children. But as sinister signs crop around them, Adelaide grows more assured that something dangerous is stalking their family. 

Film critics received "Us" as a riveting follow-up to Jordan Peele's debut horror film "Get Out," with some even saying that it expanded his scope as a director. 

"As 'Get Out' made evident, [Jordan] Peele can be regarded as an attentive filmmaker with the mind of an anthropologist," wrote critic Poulomi Das for Qrius. "'Us' doesn't just further that reputation, but also cements the expansive scope of his ambitions."

Critics called "Avengers: Endgame" a landmark film in the Marvel Cinematic Universe.

Rotten Tomatoes score: 94%

Summary: Following the universe-shattering events of "Avengers: Infinity War," Captain America (Chris Evans), Iron Man (Robert Downey Jr.), and the rest of the Avengers attempt to turn back time and save half of humanity from being wiped away for good. 

Critics called "Avengers: Endgame" a masterful conclusion to a long-running arc in the Marvel Cinematic Universe. 

As Oliver Jones wrote for the Observer: "What you will be getting when you walk into an inevitably overstuffed movie theater is something singular that reflects our age in a way that none of the MCU films that preceded it have-indeed, very few Hollywood spectacles ever have."

"The Peanut Butter Falcon" was received as a warm and emotional drama.

Rotten Tomatoes score: 95%

Summary: In "The Peanut Butter Falcon," ambitious Zak (Zack Gottsagen) runs away from his life in a nursing home in the hopes of meeting his wrestling idol (Thomas Haden Church).

Along the way, Zak connects with an outsider named Tyler (Shia LaBeouf) and they form a fast friendship during their misadventures. 

Reviewers had little to criticize about "The Peanut Butter Falcon," hailing it as an affecting drama with well-earned high points from the cast. 

"'The Peanut Butter Falcon' isn't shy of pushing your buttons, but the overall effect has an innocent charm and frankness, and LaBeouf brings a winning combination of toughness and soul," wrote The Guardian critic Peter Bradshaw. 

Critics adored "Toy Story 4" for its thoughtful themes and dazzling animation.

Rotten Tomatoes score: 97%

Summary: The last installment in Pixar's "Toy Story" series follows Woody (Tom Hanks) and Buzz (Tim Allen) as they accompany their new child Bonnie on a road trip with her family. When the group gets separated, Woody does his best to get home before he's left behind. 

Even though this is the fourth film in a series, "Toy Story 4" still impressed critics with its thoughtful story.

"It doesn't put you through the emotional wringer the way its predecessor did, but it's consistently inventive, funny, witty, and heartfelt,"Peter Rainer wrote for Christian Science Monitor. "In other words, it's a lot better than it has any right to be."

"Booksmart" was commended for its smart script and modern feel.

Rotten Tomatoes score: 97%

Summary: Upon realizing that their party-hard classmates have gotten into the same elite colleges they studied so hard to attend, Molly (Beanie Feldstein) and Amy (Kaitlyn Dever) decide to go all out before they graduate with a night of partying and irresponsible behavior. 

Critics lauded "Booksmart" for breathing new life into the coming-of-age comedy genre, with some likening director Olivia Wilde to John Hughes. 

"It's raunchy and kind of gross at times, but there is such heart, sweetness, and honesty about high school," wrote Christy Lemire for Film Week. 

Critics praised "The Farewell" as one of the most compelling dramas of the year.

Rotten Tomatoes score: 99%

Summary: Upon hearing that her grandmother has been diagnosed with a terminal illness, Billi (Awkwafina) is told by her parents to keep quiet about it on their trip to China.

Torn by her love for her grandmother and her promise to her parents, Billi grapples with the secret in a world away from home. 

"The Farewell" earned acclaim for its subtle, emotional script and the groundbreaking talents of its cast. 

"Immigrants, for whom such experiences often overlap in intimate ways, can tell some of the most compelling stories about the human condition and the dislocating shocks of modernity," wrote Zoë Hu for the New Republic. 

Read More:

13 of the best and 13 of the worst movies of the decade, according to audiences

13 horror films coming out in 2020 that scary-movie buffs can look forward to

10 of the best and 10 of the worst Netflix original movies of the year, so far

• Some popular trends of the 2010s are predicted to fall out of fashion in the 2020s. 
• Neon colors, skinny jeans, patterned leggings, and chunky sneakers are on their way out. 
• Professionals told Insider that cold-shoulder tops and garments with lace accents won't be as popular next year.
• Visit Insider's homepage for more stories.

Although some fashions are timeless, a few major trends from the 2010s are predicted to fade in the next decade in order to make way for fresh new looks. 

To figure out what's here to stay and what's on its way out, Insider spoke to a range of style experts.

Here are some fashions from the past decade that experts predict will be out of favor in the 2020s. 

Skinny jeans will be ousted in favor of looser styles.

Skinny jeans may have been a staple in your closet for the past decade, but professional fashion-trend analyst and forecaster Marie-Michèle Larivée told Insider that they are on their way out. 

"The skinny shape took over the jeans market in early 2010; It was the key shape to wear. However, fashion is a cycle and the pendulum is slowly swinging to the other extreme. Skinny jeans will be replaced by a looser fit of jeans and a flared leg," said Larivée. 

Boot-cut and relaxed, boyfriend-style jeans are poised to become the standard jean silhouette of the 2020s, she explained. Culottes, palazzo pants, and even bell-bottoms will also likely be hot items in the coming decade.

Ultra-high heels will be swapped out for lower, trendier footwear.

Although 4-, 5-, and 6-inch heels were considered de rigueur for evening wear in the 2010s, television fashion stylist Cindy Conroy told Insider that lower heels and dressy flats will rule the 2020s. 

"I'm happy to say stilt-like heels are taking a major fashion nap. Likely because no one can comfortably walk in them for extended periods of time," said Conroy.

Ankle-breaking stilettos may be out, but fancy footwear is still in vogue. Conroy told Insider that ultra-high heels will be replaced with comfort-driven shoes like slides, flats, sandals, and exaggerated chunky heels. 

Ripped jeans are on their way out.

Fashion publicist Isoke Salaam told Insider that the days of sorting through racks of ripped jeans may soon be over. 

"Ripped jeans popped back up about seven years ago and they have been hanging on. However, they're on their way out," said Salaam. "Though they work for concerts and maybe festivals, ripped jeans don't work for most restaurants or first impressions. Instead, polished and classic styles are here to stay."

To keep up with changing trends, Salaam suggests wearing a slim pair of black, cropped jeans instead of shredded denim.

You likely won't spot cold-shoulder tops in the 2020s.

Stylist and fashion expert Suzanne Wexler told Insider shoulder-highlighting tops gained a boost of popularity in early 2010, even though the trend began decades earlier. 

Despite its recent upswing in commercial success, stylists and designers seem to be united in their dislike of this chilly look. 

"Cold-shoulder tops are a bizarre mash-up of styles, giving a peekaboo sexy look that is anything but. Unlike off-the-shoulder tops and one-shoulder looks, which are still going strong today, I suspect cold-shoulder tops won't return to the fashion circuit," said Wexler. 

Celebrity stylist and designer Crystal Cave also told Insider that she hopes the next decade sees the end of the cold-shoulder trend. 

"Not every top needs shoulder cutouts," said Cave.

Chunky "dad" sneakers could be a passing fad.

After first emerging in the 1980s, oversized "dad" sneakers made a comeback in the latter half of the 2010s. And even though chunky kicks had a major moment in 2019, they might not be populating shelves for much longer. 

"'Dad' sneakers are on the way out. Yes, they are an orthopedic dream, but they look horrendous and are far from eye-catching. I just loathe the trend," Conroy said.

Although "dad" sneakers may just be a passing trend, Conroy told Insider that stylish and comfortable shoes, such as flats and loafers, will take over. 

The neon trend will potentially fade to black.

If you're looking to turn heads, there's no easier way to do it than with a splash of neon. However, the electrifying color trend is probably on its way out. 

"Neon was seen on the runway in 2019. However, the 2020 collections are without. When I think of neon, I automatically think of reflective cycling vests. So not fashion," said Salaam. 

So how will trendsetters make a statement in the new decade? Salaam said they think bright neon hues will be replaced with eye-catching black-on-black ensembles and more subdued pieces.

The mustard craze of the late 2010s is over.

There was a time when it seemed like mustard was the unlikely color hero of every fashion-conscious wardrobe. However, designers are now sending this yellowish hue packing.

"Mustard catapulted onto every 2018 runway and was stocked by every retailer. It's a more exciting alternative to neutral tones, but it leaves something to be desired," said Conroy. 

Instead of the muted yellow of mustard, Conroy told Insider that they expect designers will swap out the condiment-inspired color for lighter and more saturated saffron shades.

The jeggings trend may not survive into the next decade.

These stretchy leggings masquerading as jeans surged in popularity during the mid-2010s, but many stylists are thankful the trend has seemingly run its course. 

"The trend of pretending your exercise pants are actually real pants is over," said Wexler. "Denim has become stretchy enough that there's no need to go as far as making jeans the same density as leggings." 

So instead of wearing faux jeans because you want the comfort level, Wexler said you might just want to wear leggings "now that athleisure has become a head-to-toe look."

Say goodbye to panels of lace on clothes.

If you hate the unpleasant surprise of trying on a seemingly cozy sweater only to discover the back is made is flimsy lace, you'll be happy to know that lace inserts and accents likely won't be trending in the 2020s. 

"For a while, these femme details were on all women's dresses and tops. This trend resulted in too many visible bra straps and unsupported busts. Thank goodness consumers have moved on," wardrobe stylist Amanda Massi told Insider. 

Fortunately, if you're looking to add a touch of classic femininity to your look, maxi skirts and floral prints are still going strong into the next decade.

Don't expect to see bike shorts outside of the gym in the 2020s.

Although it seems that 1990s trendsetters first embraced the cycling garment as streetwear, bike shorts gained tremendous popularity in 2019 after celebrities like the Kardashians sported them on a regular basis.

However, cycling shorts just don't have high-fashion staying power. 

"This athleisure trend is so done for a variety of reasons. Bike shorts are unpolished and, more importantly, aren't functional for every body type. If you were curvy and have zero thigh gap, bike shorts ride up your thighs every minute," said Conroy. 

Conroy predicts style influencers will be donning vinyl and leather pants in 2020 instead of squirming into a pair of tight shorts.

Pajama-like looks will probably be replaced with more comfortable, polished ensembles.

If you've been guilty of wearing your fanciest silk pajama set outside of your house with heels, you're not alone – the pajama dressing trend gained a lot of traction between 2017 and 2018.

However, Cave told Insider that pajama dressing won't have a place on the catwalks of the next decade. 

"With the rise of athleisure, this trend picked up steam in the last two years and it started to become less shocking to wear pajamas outside of your house," said Cave. "The fact is, you're still wearing pajamas in public."

Instead of seeing people roll into work the same way they rolled out of bed, she predicts a rise in the popularity of jumpsuits or interchangeable separates made with comfortable knit fabrics. 

Patterned leggings will soon be a fashion faux pas.

With the ongoing dominance of the athleisure trend, brightly patterned leggings became a big part of many people's wardrobes in the 2010s.

Unfortunately, those psychedelic leggings may not be very on-trend in the next decade.  

"With the low quality of many of these leggings combined with the bold, bizarre, and sometimes tacky patterns they proliferated, I hope to see pattern leggings done with in the 2020s," said Cave. 

Instead, Cave told Insider she envisions high-quality leggings with more timeless, fashionable patterns and textures becoming popular. 

"I'm still a fan of comfort, but see the 2020s as the time we take the comfort we've demanded in the 2010s to the next level, making comfortable look more chic," she added. 

Read More:

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27 incredible places you couldn't visit a decade ago

Stylists and designers reveal the 11 trends we'll be seeing everywhere in 2020

• Winter is the harbinger of snow, bitter winds, freezing temperatures, and plenty of darkness.
• In the US, the intensity of the season varies across the country.
• While many Americans complain about winter, some cities and states have more reason to whine than others.
• Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.

Northern cities like Anchorage, Buffalo, and Minneapolis are known for their punishing winters. But the US has dozens of cities and many more small towns where the season is just as bad — or worse.

Some experience plunging temperatures far below freezing, or hundreds of inches of snowfall, or months with barely any sunshine. Others have ice-storms that coat entire cities in inches of slippery ice.

Here are 28 places with some of the harshest winters in America.

SEE ALSO: Scientists say these 11 major cities could become unlivable within 80 years

DON'T MISS: The 50 most miserable cities in America, based on census data

Anchorage, Alaska, gets 74.5 inches of snow per year on average. The record fall was 133 inches in 2012. It remains below freezing for most of winter, and on top of that, it gets about 20 days where temperatures fall below 0 degrees Fahrenheit.

Sources: Current Results, CNN

Fairbanks, Alaska, is known for dog sledding and the Northern Lights, which prompted the town to create a fifth season, known as the Aurora Season. It gets brutally cold. In 2017, temperatures dropped to -50 degrees Fahrenheit.

Source: Washington Post, USA Today

Utqiaġvik, formerly Barrow, Alaska, is the most northern town in the US, and is plunged into darkness from November to January. The darkness is so off-putting people sometimes call the police station to find out what day or time it is. Temperatures also remain on average below zero from December to March, and can often fall to -27 degrees Fahrenheit.

Source: Business Insider

Flagstaff, Arizona, made the list because of its snow-heavy winters. It usually gets 100 inches of snow a year. In 2018, 3 feet of snow fell in a single day, its snowiest day in history, causing highways to close, and flights to be grounded.

Sources: Washington Post, CNN, AccuWeather

Chicago, Illinois, "the windy city," is well-versed in cold winters. On average, it gets 36.7 inches of snow, and has an average temperature of 26.7 degrees Fahrenheit. But because it sits beside Lake Michigan, the city experiences cruel winds that feel colder — in early 2019, the air temperature was minus 24 degrees Fahrenheit, but the wind felt like minus 54 degrees Fahrenheit.

Sources: NBC Chicago, Economist, Business Insider

Indianapolis, Indiana, can get bitterly cold. On January 29, 2019, the air temperature was -10 degrees Fahrenheit, but the windchill made it feel like -30. One of the big problems for Indianapolis is winter ice storms, which can coat buildings, roads, and trees in inches of slippery ice, leading to traffic pileups, collapsed power lines, and heavily damaged trees,

Sources: Fox 59, NOAA, Indy Star

Caribou, Maine, known as the coldest town in New England, and one of its northernmost cities, broke a record for the most consecutive days with at least an inch of snowfall last winter, with 157 days in a row. The coldest recorded temperature is -41 degrees Fahrenheit, and the wind can blow so hard that 3 inches of snow can turn into 4-foot snow drift, dense enough to stop traffic.

Sources: The Weather Channel, Yankee Magazine, WeatherBase

Baltimore, Maryland, experiences cold, wet, and windy winters. The coldest days typically get down to 30 degrees Fahrenheit. To make things worse, it was also rated the worst city for driving in snow and rain in America for 2018.

Sources: WeatherSpark, Fox 45 News

The average high in Boston, Massachusetts, is only 38 degrees Fahrenheit in the winter months. Usually it has 22 days that never get above freezing. In 2015, four blizzards in three weeks caused so much snowfall that the city had to spend $35 million to remove it. That winter clocked in 108.6 inches of snow. Harsh winters have also damaged public utilities like ferry docks and gas lines.

Sources: Boston Magazine, Boston Magazine, The New York Times, Wbur News

Detroit, Michigan, gets about 43 inches of snow each winter, and temperatures usually sit between 20 and 35 degrees Fahrenheit. But its winters are truly tough because of the lack of sunshine. It averages 59 days of heavy cloud every winter.

Sources: Fox2, Current Results

Ironwood, Michigan, was once a mining town, and is now known for its downhill skiing. It had its worst winter in 2014, when plunging temperatures caused $3 million worth of damage to ruptured pipes and water-mains. But things weren't much better in 2019, when it had 69 days that dropped below zero — the most ever recorded.

Sources: Your Daily Globe, Michigan Live

Marquette, Michigan, gets an impressive 119 inches of snow on average. In 2019, it had so much snowfall that the roofs of a bus garage and furniture collapsed. It also set a record going 198 days without temperatures getting over 60 degrees Fahrenheit.

Sources: US Climate Data, Detroit Free Press, Michigan Live, The Weather Channel

Duluth, Minnesota, gets an average of 85 inches of snowfall every year, which usually lasts until April or May. In 2014, so much snow fell over the winter that 35,000 fish were killed, due to the snow piling up and blocking light into Grand Lake. It also has to deal with biting winds off Lake Superior. In May this year, they reached 70 mph.

Sources: US Climate Data,Washington Post, Star Tribune, MPR News

Minneapolis, and St. Paul, Minnesota, collectively known as the Twin Cities, get bone-chillingly cold. The worst windchill ever recorded was -67 degrees Fahrenheit on January 22, 1936, when the air temperature was -34 degrees Fahrenheit and the wind speed was 20 mph. If you think that's a fluke, the air temperature was -28 degrees Fahrenheit on January 30, 2019.

Sources: DNR, DNR

St Cloud, Minnesota, gets 47 inches of snow every year. During winter, the city operates "business as usual," when temperatures sit at -30 degrees Fahrenheit. It had a grueling winter in 2013-14, when temperatures fell to -20 degrees Fahrenheit or below on 14 days that winter.

Source: US Climate Data, Saint Cloud Times

Buffalo, New York, is legendary for its snowfall. By February this year, it had already had 100 inches of it, and it was the 12th year out of the last 19 that had so much. The thing about Buffalo is that the lake effect off the Great Lakes dumps snow in huge quantities at one time. In November 2014, over 5 feet of snow fell just east of the city in 48 hours.

Sources: The Weather Channel, NWS

Winter lasts a long time in Syracuse, New York, which gets more than 120 inches of snow on average per year. And it's usually cloudy. In December, sunshine only breaks through the clouds 23% of the time.

Sources: The Weather Channel, Farmers Almanac, Syracuse.com

Fargo, North Dakota, gets blanketed with 50 inches of snow every year, and its average low in January is 0 degrees Fahrenheit. In 2019, it endured four blizzards, but that didn't even place in its top 10 worst winters. Its worst ever winter was in 1996-97, with 117 inches of snow.

Sources: US Climate Data, Inforum

Bismark, North Dakota, gets so cold that many people are willing to flout a law that makes it illegal to heat up their cars without anyone in them, and pay a potential $1,500 fine, or spend 30 days in jail if they're caught. It had a record cold winter in February 1996, when the windchill was -86 degrees Fahrenheit.

Sources: Washington Post, ABC3340

Grand Forks, North Dakota, which is on the Canadian border, gets brutally cold, with an average January low of -1 degrees Fahrenheit. During the polar vortex in January 2019, temperatures were expected to drop to -38 degrees Fahrenheit.

Source: LiveScience, US Climate Data

The average low in Williston, North Dakota, all year is 28 degrees Fahrenheit. It had its coldest winter in 1983, when the air temperature dropped to -40 degrees Fahrenheit. On average, it gets 46 inches of snow every year.

Sources: US Climate Data, Only In Your State

Cleveland, Ohio, gets about 60 inches of snow every year. According to meteorologist Kelly Reardon, if you live in Cleveland, you expect snow all winter. It also gets bitter winds off Lake Erie.

Sources: Cleveland.com, US Climate Data

Columbus, Ohio, can have bitterly cold winters. Most winter nights fall below freezing. Its coldest recorded temperature was -22 degrees Fahrenheit in January 1994.

Sources: Weather Atlas, The Columbus Dispatch

Erie, Pennsylvania, gets a lot of snowfall — during one record-breaking blizzard on Christmas in 2017, 53 inches fell in 30 hours, and it was so cold, authorities warned residents to be vigilant for hypothermia and frostbite from the arctic air. Typically, the city gets an average of 100 inches of snow a year.

Sources: Washington Post, CBS News

Aberdeen, South Dakota, can get "life-threatening" arctic winds. Its record low temperature was set in 1916, at -32 degrees Fahrenheit. In January 2019, it was expected to get at least as cold as -35 degrees Fahrenheit. The area can also get "white out" from high winds blowing snow around.

Source: Government Technology

Seattle, Washington, might not be as cold or snowy as others on this list, but it's one of America's darkest cities. It only has clear skies 28% of the time between November and February. Its coldest recorded temperature was 0 degrees Fahrenheit in 1950.

Sources: Seattle PI, Smart Asset

Milwaukee, Wisconsin, gets its fair share of snowfall, and is below freezing on an average winter's day. But people living there get used to to it. When temperatures in February 1996 reached -26 degrees Fahrenheit, locals still lined up outside for Rod Stewart concert tickets, while boy scouts camped for two nights and cooked outside to earn badges.

Source: Milwaukee Journal Sentinel

Casper, Wyoming, made the list because of its harsh winter winds. February 2019 broke records, with an air temperature of -20 degrees Fahrenheit, and a windchill of -40 degrees Fahrenheit. In those conditions, it only takes 10 minutes to get frostbite.

Source: Casper Star Tribunal, Billings Gazette

• Many jobs that require a college degree or higher are set to grow rapidly in the next decade.
• Using employment projections from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, we found the 20 jobs that typically require at least a bachelor's degree that are expected to have the highest employment growth rates between 2018 and 2028.
• Physician assistants and information security analysts top the list.
• Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.

Nurse practitioners, information security analysts, and actuaries all require specialized education at a college or graduate level, and the US economy is set to add thousands of new jobs in these and other fields over the next decade or so. 

Every two years, the Bureau of Labor Statistics releases employment projections for the United States. These estimate how many people are likely to be employed in various jobs over the next decade.

The most recently released projections cover how employment is expected to change between 2018 and 2028. The projections also include typical educational requirements for each job. Using those projections, we found the 20 jobs that require a bachelor's degree or higher that the BLS projects will have the fastest employment percent growth rates over the decade.

Here are the jobs, along with their median annual salaries as of May 2018, the most recently available data:

SEE ALSO: 14 jobs requiring a bachelor's degree that might not be around in 10 years

20. Veterinarians: Employment is projected to rise from 84,500 in 2018 to 100,100 in 2028, an 18.4% increase.

Median annual salary in 2018: $93,830

Typical educational requirement: Doctoral or professional degree

19. Athletic trainers: Employment is projected to rise from 31,100 in 2018 to 37,000 in 2028, an 18.8% increase.

Median annual salary in 2018: $47,510

Typical educational requirement: Bachelor's degree

18. Interpreters and translators: Employment is projected to rise from 76,100 in 2018 to 90,700 in 2028, a 19.2% increase.

Median annual salary in 2018: $49,930

Typical educational requirement: Bachelor's degree

17. Orthotists and prosthetists: Employment is projected to rise from 9,100 in 2018 to 10,900 in 2028, a 19.8% increase.

Median annual salary in 2018: $69,120

Typical educational requirement: Master's degree

16. Postsecondary nursing instructors and teachers: Employment is projected to rise from 69,000 in 2018 to 82,800 in 2028, a 20.0% increase.

Median annual salary in 2018: $73,490

Typical educational requirement: Doctoral or professional degree

15. Actuaries: Employment is projected to rise from 25,000 in 2018 to 30,000 in 2028, a 20.1% increase.

Median annual salary in 2018: $102,880

Typical educational requirement: Bachelor's degree

14. Market research analysts and marketing specialists: Employment is projected to rise from 681,900 in 2018 to 821,100 in 2028, a 20.4% increase.

Median annual salary in 2018: $63,120

Typical educational requirement: Bachelor's degree

13. Physical therapists: Employment is projected to rise from 247,700 in 2018 to 301,900 in 2028, a 21.9% increase.

Median annual salary in 2018: $87,930

Typical educational requirement: Doctoral or professional degree

12. Marriage and family therapists: Employment is projected to rise from 55,300 in 2018 to 67,700 in 2028, a 22.3% increase.

Median annual salary in 2018: $50,090

Typical educational requirement: Master's degree

11. Substance abuse, behavioral disorder, and mental health counselors: Employment is projected to rise from 304,500 in 2018 to 373,100 in 2028, a 22.5% increase.

Median annual salary in 2018: $44,630

Typical educational requirement: Bachelor's degree

10. Postsecondary health specialties teachers: Employment is projected to rise from 254,800 in 2018 to 313,900 in 2028, a 23.2% increase.

Median annual salary in 2018: $97,370

Typical educational requirement: Doctoral or professional degree

T-8. Operations research analysts: Employment is projected to rise from 109,700 in 2018 to 137,900 in 2028, a 25.6% increase.

Median annual salary in 2018: $83,390

Typical educational requirement: Bachelor's degree

T-8. Applications software developers: Employment is projected to rise from 944,200 in 2018 to 1,185,700 in 2028, a 25.6% increase.

Median annual salary in 2018: $103,620

Typical educational requirement: Bachelor's degree

7. Mathematicians: Employment is projected to rise from 2,900 in 2018 to 3,600 in 2028, a 26.0% increase.

Median annual salary in 2018: $101,900

Typical educational requirement: Master's degree

6. Genetic counselors: Employment is projected to rise from 3,000 in 2018 to 3,800 in 2028, a 27.0% increase.

Median annual salary in 2018: $80,370

Typical educational requirement: Master's degree

According to the Labor Department's O*NET occupational database, genetic counselors assess patients' risks of genetic conditions and disorders.

5. Speech-language pathologists: Employment is projected to rise from 153,700 in 2018 to 195,600 in 2028, a 27.3% increase.

Median annual salary in 2018: $77,510

Typical educational requirement: Master's degree

4. Nurse practitioners: Employment is projected to rise from 189,100 in 2018 to 242,400 in 2028, a 28.2% increase.

Median annual salary in 2018: $107,030

Typical educational requirement: Master's degree

3. Statisticians: Employment is projected to rise from 44,400 in 2018 to 58,000 in 2028, a 30.7% increase.

Median annual salary in 2018: $87,780

Typical educational requirement: Master's degree

2. Physician assistants: Employment is projected to rise from 118,800 in 2018 to 155,700 in 2028, a 31.1% increase.

Median annual salary in 2018: $108,610

Typical educational requirement: Master's degree

1. Information security analysts: Employment is projected to rise from 112,300 in 2018 to 147,700 in 2028, a 31.6% increase.

Median annual salary in 2018: $98,350

Typical educational requirement: Bachelor's degree