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Amazon's Black Friday 2019 sale is live with a bunch of early deals — plus, see the best deals to expect later this week

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Black Friday Amazon Deals  4x3

Black Friday is a big time of year to shop kitchen appliances, TVs, smart home devices, and other tech. You can shop Black Friday sales at a large variety of retailers, but more likely than not, you'll find yourself lingering on one specific online shop: Amazon.

Amazon has released early deals ahead of Black Friday, including a preview of soon-to-be-released deals on many Amazon devices.

You can shop early holiday deals on its Black Friday Countdown page, which updates every day with new, limited-time deals, including Lightning Deals.

We also rounded up a list of the best early deals that Amazon is offering right now. 

The live deals below are the same ones that will be available on Black Friday — that means if you're interested now, you can take advantage of them before they sell out on the big day. 

The 8 best early Amazon Black Friday deals

Check out more Amazon Black Friday 2019 deals:

Live deals: Fire Tablets and Kindle ebook readers

There's a tablet for every age group and budget. Pick up a Kindle device if you need an ebook reader. 



Live deals: Fire TV

Upgrade your at-home TV experience with a Fire TV streaming stick or device. 



Amazon memberships

Stream music, listen to audiobooks, read ebooks, and watch your favorite shows and movies with these affordable Amazon memberships. 

  • Amazon Music Unlimited: New members get four months for $1  
  • Kindle Unlimited: New members get three months for free, or six months for $29.97 
  • Get $10 in ebook credit when you spend $30 on ebooks
  • Audible: New members receive a bonus $15 Amazon credit and their first three months of an Audible membership at $6.95 a month, available through November 27
  • Prime Video: Prime members get 50% off rentals and purchases of new release movies - available from November 29 to December 5


Live deal: Ecobee Smart Thermostat

Ecobee Smart Thermostat, $199 (originally $249) [You save $50] 

The thermostat has Alexa built in, an innovative sensor that adjusts settings based on the current room occupancy and temperature, and a sleek touch display. 

 



Live deal: 23andMe DNA Test - Health + Ancestry

23andMe DNA Test - Health + Ancestry, $99 (originally $199) [You save $100] 

Learn all about your genes and ancestry with this convenient, at-home kit. 



Live deal: Sony WH1000XM3 Noise Cancelling Headphones

Sony WH1000XM3 Noise Cancelling Headphones, $278 (originally $350) [You save $72] 

These over-the-ear headphones won't only cancel out surrounding noise — they also feature "smart listening" that actively adjusts ambient sound based on where you wear them. 



Live deal: Jabra Elite 65T Earbuds

Jabra Elite 65T Earbuds, $100 (originally $170) [You save $70] 

The truly wireless earbuds are perfect for listening to music and since they're equipped with four mics, you can also have crystal-clear phone conversations. 



Live deal: Fitbit Versa 2

Fitbit Versa 2, $149 (originally $200) [You save $51]

The 24/7 heart rate monitoring fitness tracker has Alexa built in, so you can do things like set a timer or check the weather without missing a beat of your walk, run, or workout. 



Live deal: Samsung Galaxy S10 + free Galaxy Buds

Samsung Galaxy S10 Factory Unlocked Phone (512GB), $950 (originally $1,150) [You save $200] + free Galaxy Buds 

If you don't care about having the latest Galaxy model (the new S11 should come out early next year), then you'll want to take advantage of this S10 deal. It throws in a free pair of Samsung's wireless earbuds, a $120 value. 



Live deal: Philips Sonicare ProtectiveClean 5100 Electric Toothbrush

Philips Sonicare ProtectiveClean 5100 Electric Toothbrush, $60 with coupon (originally $90) [You save $30] 

Many of Philips Sonicare's electric toothbrushes cost more than $100. The 5100 is an affordable alternative that still gets the cleaning job done with three cleaning modes, a pressure sensor, and gentle bristles. 



Live deal: Quility Weighted Blanket

Quility 60" x 80" 15-Pound Weighted Blanket, $89.70 with coupon (originally $129.70) [You save $40]

The duvet cover is removable so you can enjoy the anxiety-reducing comfort of this blanket no matter the season. 



Echo deals

Many of Amazon's Echo smart speakers and devices will be on sale, including the all-new flagship Echo speaker. 



Security camera deals

You have two Amazon-owned security brands to choose from: Ring and Blink. 



Upcoming deals

These deals are set to go live by November 29. Check back soon to see the full details. 



Amazon Black Friday FAQs

When is Amazon's Black Friday Deals Week? 

This year, Amazon's Black Friday Deals Week starts a little early. Deals across a wide range of categories are already live and will be available through November 29. These include limited-time Lightning Deals

Additionally, there will be new, one-time-only deals on Thanksgiving, Black Friday, and Cyber Monday. 

Though Black Friday is technically on November 29, the holiday is part of a five-day period that Amazon calls "the Turkey 5." Every year, it smashes previous sales records during the Turkey 5 — last year, Amazon sold more than 180 million items and the Echo Dot was the number one bestseller globally. 

What Black Friday deals can you find on Amazon? 

In addition to deals from top brands and small businesses, Amazon is sure to offer can't-miss discounts on its own line of products and services. These include:

Big brands will have the same deals across all the major retailers (Target, Walmart, Best Buy), so where you shop those deals might come down to a matter of personal preference. Where Amazon sets itself apart is on the exclusive products and services above, as well as quick-moving, limited-time Lightning Deals and exclusive deals on its collection of Handmade items.

Why shop Amazon on Black Friday 2019? 

The promises of free same-day and two-day shipping for Prime members make it all too tempting to stick to shopping on Amazon this Black Friday for all your personal and gifting needs. If you need a product at your door quickly, try looking for it on Amazon first. 



See more Black Friday sales and deals




Only 19 TV shows received a perfect score on Rotten Tomatoes this year — here they are

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The Good Place season four NBC

Rotten Tomatoes keeps a running list of the top television shows of all time based on critics' scores. Eighteen of the "Certified Fresh" series with 100% ratings premiered in 2019. From NBC sitcoms like "The Good Place" and "Brooklyn Nine-Nine" to the final season of "Jane the Virgin," we've rounded up all the best shows of the year according to critics.

Keep scrolling to see the 19 shows that received a perfect score on Rotten Tomatoes this year.

"Dark" (season two)

Synopsis: "'Dark' is set in a German town in present day where the disappearance of two young children exposes the double lives and fractured relationships among four families."

Number of reviews: 28

Critics' Consensus: "Dark's" sumptuous second season descends deeper into the show's meticulously-crafted mythos and cements the series as one of streaming's strongest and strangest science fiction stories.

Where to watch it: Netflix



"Better Things" (season three)

Synopsis: "A single mom struggles to raise three girls while trying to maintain her career as an actor."

Number of reviews: 31

Critics' Consensus: Pamela Adlon fully asserts her authorial voice over "Better Things" in a triumphant third season that examines the exhaustion of motherhood with exhilarating artistry.

Where to watch it: HuluFX

 

 

 



"Big Mouth" (season three)

Synopsis:"Growth spurts, or the lack of it, add to the usual tensions faced daily by the middle schoolers of 'Big Mouth.'" 

Number of reviews: 24

Critics' Consensus: Like the characters at its center, "Big Mouth's" third season continues to grow, taking on complicated new issues with the same gross-but-utterly-empathetic eye that made it so lovable in the first place.

Where to watch it: Netflix

 

 



"A Black Lady Sketch Show" (season one)

Synopsis: "'A Black Lady Sketch Show' is a narrative series set in a limitless magical reality full of dynamic, hilarious characters and celebrity guests. The show presents sketches performed by a core cast of black women, including Robin Thede, Ashley Nicole Black, Gabrielle Dennis and Quinta Brunson."

Number of reviews: 20

Critics' Consensus: Singular, subversive, and simply hilarious, "A Black Lady Sketch Show" finds universal humor in specific spaces to craft quick-witted sketches that perfectly showcase Robin Thede and her talented cast.

Where to watch it: HBO Now

 



"BoJack Horseman" (season six)

Synopsis: "Will Arnett voices BoJack, the failed legendary 90's sitcom star from the favorite family sitcom Horsin? Around, who has been trying to find his way through a muddle of self-loathing, whisky and failed relationships. Now, in the presence of his human sidekick Todd (Aaron Paul) and his feline agent and ex-paramour Princess Carolyn (Amy Sedaris), BoJack is primed for his comeback..."

Number of reviews: 28

Critics' Consensus:Bittersweet and brilliant to the very end, "BoJack Horseman's" final season manages to keep surprising viewers with its empathy and depth, solidifying its place as one of TV's greatest offerings.

Where to watch it:Netflix

 



"Broad City" (season five)

Synopsis:"The cult hit web series Broad City comes compliments of the collective brains of Abbi Jacobson + Ilana Glazer (both UCB alum). Called "sneak attack feminism" by the Wall Street Journal, the series follows two friends in New York City navigating their way though the minutiae that is life."

Number of reviews: 25

Critics' Consensus: Glazer and Jacobson give the people exactly what they want in Broad City's final season - relatable content, questionable intimacy, and ingenious escapades through the glorious squalor of IRL NYC.

Where to watch it: Hulu, Comedy Central

 

 



"Brooklyn Nine-Nine" (season six)

Synopsis: "A sitcom following the lives of a group of detectives in a New York precinct, including one slacker who is forced to shape up when he gets a new boss."

Number of reviews: 26

Critics' Consensus:"Following a period of uncertainty and a shift to NBC, 'Brooklyn Nine-Nine' reemerges with its cast and tone wholly intact."

Where to watch it: NBC, Hulu

 



"David Makes Man" (season one)

Synopsis: "Centering on a 14-year-old prodigy from the projects who is haunted by the death of his friend and relied on by his hardworking mother to find a way out of poverty. He must choose between the streets that raised him or the higher education that may offer him a way out."

Number of reviews: 20

Critics' Consensus: Powerful, beautiful, and like nothing else on TV, "David Makes Man" blends dreamy aesthetics with an empathetically crafted story to create a truly unique viewing experience.

Where to watch it: OWN

 



"A Discovery of Witches" (season one)

Synopsis: "A contemporary love story that begins against the backdrop of Oxford academic life, in a world where small numbers of witches, vampires and daemons live and work, unseen amongst humans, hiding in plain sight. Teresa Palmer is the brilliant historian Diana Bishop, a reluctant witch denying her heritage. The discovery of a bewitched manuscript in Oxford's Bodleian Library throws her into the heart of a dangerous mystery — and into the path of the enigmatic vampire and geneticist, Matthew Clairmont (Matthew Goode), who hides a dark family secret."

Number of reviews: 27

Critics' Consensus:"A Discovery of Witches" smartly grounds its flights of fancy with a lived-in authenticity and harnesses the chemistry between its two star-crossed leads to make for a promising foray into the occult.

Where to watch it: AMC, Sundance Now

 

 



"Documentary Now!" (season three)

Synopsis: "Featuring mockumentaries about faux people and events."

Number of reviews: 21

Critics' Consensus:Incisively critical of the genre and equally delighted by its subjects, "Documentary Now!" nails mockumentary under the deft direction of Rhys Thomas and Alex Buono.

Where to watch it: IFC, Netflix

 



"Fleabag" (season two)

Synopsis: "A sexually-liberated, irritable woman navigates modern life in London in this comedy. Based on Phoebe Waller-Bridge's play of the same name."

Number of reviews: 82

Critics' Consensus:"Fleabag" jumps back into the fray with a bracing second season that upholds its predecessor's frenzied wit and delicate heart, replete with Phoebe Waller-Bridge's indefatigable charisma.

Where to watch it: Amazon Prime Video



"The Good Place" (season four)

Synopsis: "Follows Eleanor Shellstrop, an ordinary woman who enters the afterlife, and thanks to some kind of error, is sent to the Good Place instead of the Bad Place (which is definitely where she belongs). While hiding in plain sight from Good Place Architect Michael, she's determined to shed her old way of living and earn her spot."

Number of reviews: 21

Critics' Consensus:A wild philosophical ride to the very end, "The Good Place" brings it home with a forking good final season.

Where to watch it:NBC

 

 

 



"Jane the Virgin" (season five)

Synopsis: "A comedy-drama following a chaste young woman who is accidentally impregnated via artificial insemination as she struggles to inform her devoutly religious family and make the right choices concerning the child. Based on the telenovela 'Juana la virgen.'"

Number of reviews: 21

Critics' Consensus: Gina Rodriguez delivers a stellar performance in "Jane the Virgin's" final season, grounding the series in humanity amidst all its quirky telenovela humor.

Where to watch it: Netflix

 



"Los Espookys" (season one)

Synopsis: "From Julio Torres and Ana Fabrega, alongside Fred Armisen and Lorne Michaels of 'Saturday Night Live,' the primarily Spanish-language show follows a group of friends who turn their love for horror into a peculiar business, providing horror to those who need it, in a dreamy Latin American country where the strange and eerie are just part of daily life."

Number of reviews: 25

Critics' Consensus:Igualmente hilarante y horripilante, "Los Espookys" is an espooky good time.

Where to watch it: HBO Now

 

 



"One Day at a Time" (season three)

Synopsis: "A remake of Norman Lear's classic 1975 sitcom revolves around a Cuban-American family headed by a recently separated military mom who's navigating a new single life while raising two children with the 'help' of her own mother and a building manager named Schneider."

Number of reviews: 29

Critics' Consensus:As timely and tender as ever, "One Day at a Time's" third season manages to up to comedy ante without losing the intimate family moments that help it hit so close to home.

Where to watch it: Netflix

 



"Sherman's Showcase" (season one)

Synopsis: "A sketch variety show like none before, 'Sherman's Showcase' travels through time via music and clips drawn from the forty-year library of a legendary (fictional) musical variety show."

Number of reviews: 20

Critics' Consensus: Bold, brisk, and beautiful, "Sherman's Showcase" is a delightful and stylish sketch show that moves to its own groove and invites everyone to laugh along.

Where to watch it:IFC 

 



"South Side" (season one)

Synopsis: "Two friends just graduated community college and are now ready to take over the world! But until they do they're stuck at Rent-T-Own, a retail-rental crossroads where the South Side's vast ensemble of characters come together."

Number of reviews: 21

Critics' Consensus: Absurdly funny and fearless, "South Side" successfully captures the spirit of a community and confronts tough social constructs with smart writing, a spectacular cast, and just the right amount of silliness.

Where to watch it: Comedy Central

 

 



"Tuca and Bertie" (season one)

Synopsis: "Free-spirited toucan Tuca and self-doubting song thrush Bertie are best friends -- and birds — who guide each other through life's ups and downs."

Number of reviews: 31

Critics' Consensus:"Tuca & Bertie" skips right past "Bojack Horseman's" shadow with its chipper sensibility and madcap sight gags, bringing plenty of laughs as it addresses adulting anxiety and exalts the joys of friendship.

Where to watch it: Netflix

 



"Undone" (season one)

Synopsis: "From acclaimed creators Kate Purdy and Raphael Bob-Waksberg (BoJack Horseman) comes 'Undone,' a groundbreaking and genre bending animated series about a young woman's complex journey to unlock her past and solve the mystery of her father's death."

Number of reviews: 42

Critics' Consensus: A kaleidoscopic existential crisis, "Undone" bends the rules of space, time, and rotoscoping to weave a beautifully surreal tapestry that is at once fantastical and utterly relatable.

Where to watch it: Amazon Prime

You can find the complete list of all 104 TV shows with a perfect score on Rotten Tomatoes here.



I'm a bartender — here are 11 things bartenders do that most people don't realize

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emma witman

  • Being a bartender involves a whole lot more than just making drinks and taking people's money.
  • Bartenders like me have to do hours of prep work and cleaning while memorizing people's orders, keeping an eye on unruly customers, and honing their knowledge of cocktails, to name a few.
  • Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.

Like ballerinas, bartenders have a way of making the job look effortless.

We spin the tin in our hands with ease. We nod when you ask for a classic cocktail like a Last Word. And we never break a sweat — it's just another one of the hundreds of cocktail recipes we can instantly summon. We're human databases of hundreds of recipes.

But there's a lot more that bartenders have to do besides make drinks. A lot of customers probably aren't aware of all that goes on from our perspective, from the inexhaustible cleaning and prep work to keeping an eye on customers who are getting a bit too rowdy.

Here are 11 of the things bartenders do behind the scenes that you may not realize.

SEE ALSO: I'm a bartender, and these are the drinks that we secretly judge you for ordering

DON'T MISS: I'm a bartender, and these are the drinks that we secretly judge you for ordering

Before the bar even opens, we have to do a marathon of prep work.

There's a reason we don't like you to show up right when the doors open.

I remember once when a friend of mine remarked on all the work one of the DJs we had hired did to set up and break down their equipment.

It was substantial, sure, but nothing compared to all the prep we do, I thought.

Prep is the reason I roll my eyes when people line up outside the door waiting to burst in the moment we're open for business. 

The bar prep process is a lengthy marathon that includes juicing countless amounts of citrus; peeling fruit after fruity deftly, but carefully, so that you don't flay yourself; and heaving mountains of ice from an ice machine to the bar.

Every break to check a text, make coffee, or touch up makeup is a calculated decision. Because ultimately, anything that takes away from prep can be costly once we're working.

Some times I have to decide whether I'd rather run down the street to grab a sandwich or fold paper planes for the sake of having them ready for when somebody orders a Paper Plane cocktail. 

And that's just the bar.

There's also all the things beyond the bar, like arranging and retrieving furniture, washing and polishing the dishes that your coworkers neglected the night before — the list goes on. 



In some states, we need to sweet-talk liquor reps so we can get the best bottles on the shelves.

Liquor reps are often the gatekeepers to which bars get the small allocation of their product. 

Being in an ABC state, where the government controls hard liquor sales, means bartenders need to do a lot of behind-the-scenes sweet-talking so that we can get the best bottles of booze on our shelves. 

When reps from liquor companies drop in our bars, we literally bat our eyes and beg the reps to help us get more than one bottle on the next order — especially if they rep a high-demand bottle like Blanton's. 

Of course, if we do get additional bottles, it would likely come at the expense of another bar, who wouldn't get their second bottle or any bottles at all, due to the low allocations of Blanton's in ABC-controlled states. 



We spend hours (and hours) refining cocktails for the menu — even the classics.

People often don't realize that just because a menu cocktail only contains the "classic" drinks — cocktails with familiar names like a mojito, Manhattan or gimlet— it doesn't mean we didn't labor and anguish over how exactly it would be made and presented to you.  

You have to factor in so many elements, like the brand you'll be using for the base spirit, how you make your syrups, the tools of the bar and the way it's set up, and the glassware you have available.

A gimlet is quite simple on the surface. But the way we end up serving our house gimlet to you required quite a bit of thought and consideration.



Bartenders need to keep an eye on and wrangle rowdy customers who are on the cusp of being over-served.

One thing people often don't realize about their bartender: just how incredibly liable we are for your actions if you do something dumb after we've served you alcohol.

The prospect of you getting into trouble after leaving our bar is terrifying, and not just because we're thoughtful humanitarians. 

It's in our enlightened self-interest to make sure you're drinking safely, because in most states, we're on the hook legally and financially in a lawsuit if something bad happens when you leave. 

Something to keep in mind if you want to balk about being cut off. 



We clean. And clean some more.

Sometimes being a bartender feels like being a healthcare practitioner — more on that later — but unlike a doctor in a clinic, we don't go home after we see our last patient.

We're still closing down the bar long after the last patron has left. The cleaning process is about as lengthy as the prep process, if not lengthier.

We wipe down every bottle of syrup, citrus, booze, and bitters. There's an endless supply of stickiness to subdue on every surface. You have to pump and date wines. Restock everything. Run dishes. The list feels endless.

For this reason, you don't have to feel totally guilty as a customer about lingering after last call.

But you absolutely should leave if the bartenders are no longer doing much cleaning, and instead are staring at you, waiting for you to get out so that they can clean the last bits of the bar, like the floors or the bar top. 



We continue our bartending education, which can include immersive travel experiences or attending cocktail week events.

Summer camp for bartenders is as ridiculously fun as it sounds, and I was lucky to go myself this past summer. Experiences like that are part of a large effort many bartenders make to be students of the craft outside of work hours. 

Similarly, many cities host cocktail weeks that help mixologists continue their education.

Portland Cocktail Week, which just wrapped up its 10th year, is one of the most well known, and literally features "majors" for bartenders who are selected to be "students" in topics like Applied Science, Anti-Waste, and Consulting.



We give you therapy.

I think the most entrepreneurial idea that ever came to me when bartending was to open a bar where all the bartenders would be licensed therapists. 

After all, we do it for free already. Even though we're totally unqualified, we end up giving a lot of advice about your woes and heartbreak.

This is an aspect that I don't mind at all.

What I do mind is when the next person to saddle up at the bar expects a smiling, light-hearted bartender when we're fresh from being in the thick of another person's heaviness. 



We're constantly memorizing — not just how to build cocktails, but your names and drink orders.

There are hundreds of cocktails to memorize. And I won't lie — I usually end up having to look up at least one recipe on a busy night. 

But one thing you can't Google is a returning customer's name and drink order, and that kind of recall can really build up your reputation with guests.

Customers can meet us halfway in this regard. A little congeniality can go a long way: At my bar, we practically compete with one another to make our favorite regular's drink first — Roku gin, splash of Elderflower tonic, with a lime — even if there's a line of people waiting. 



We often have to train support staff in the middle of busy shifts.

Because of the high turnover in the service industry, on any given night, there's a decent chance that we're training a new bartender or barback. 

The divided attention can be a real challenge at times. It's hard enough to answer a guest's question when we're making four different cocktails, much less when a training barback is asking questions at the same time.

It's so challenging that more than once I've sent training barbacks on a wild goose chase of sorts — like finding a lesser-used type of fruit that required descending two flights of stairs to retrieve from cold storage — just to have a question-free period of laser-focused bartending.



We constantly have to answer a lot of idiotic — and insulting — questions from customers.

Even though trainees can be distracting at times, I wouldn't consider any of their questions stupid, because they have so much to learn.

Guests, on the other hand, ask downright insulting questions all the time, like what our "real" jobs are, and if we know how to make an old fashioned (spoiler alert: we do).

Those questions and comments are pretty emotionally draining. And they can have an impact on my work — like when I'm not able to give glowing treatment to the truly lovely customers who deserve it because of the bad ones who came before them.



And we pay taxes, despite what some people may think.

Bartenders pay a lot of taxes.

This feels weird to clarify, and yet there seems to be some confusion on this issue. 

But unless you earned too little to owe federal income tax, I can say that each one of us paid more in income tax than FedEx in 2018.  

Credit card tips are automatically taxed in most systems, and the vast, vast majority of workplaces report and tax cash accurately.

So please, don't feel like you get a pass to tip less when you're tipping in cash



The most mind-boggling scientific discoveries of 2019 include the first image of a black hole, a giant squid sighting, and an exoplanet with water vapor

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event horizon telescope black hole simulated picture image accretion disk top 1

In 2019, scientists around the world pulled off some impressive feats: They imaged a supermassive black hole for the first time, debuted two treatments for the Ebola virus, and launched a spacecraft into orbit that's powered by sunlight alone. 

Over the past year, researchers have also discovered a hidden continent, captured video of a giant squid in its deep-sea habitat, and sent a probe to an asteroid 5.5 million miles from Earth.

These and other accomplishments are improving scientists' understanding of our planet and the surrounding cosmos.

As a new year — and a new decade — approaches, here's a look back at some of the most mind-boggling scientific discoveries from 2019.

SEE ALSO: The most mind-blowing, life-altering scientific discoveries of 2018

On New Year's Day, NASA's nuclear-powered New Horizons spacecraft flew past a mysterious, mountain-sized object 4 billion miles from Earth.

The object, called MU69, is nicknamed Arrokoth, which means "sky" in the Powhatan/Algonquian language (it was previously nicknamed Ultima Thule). It's the most distant object humanity has ever visited.

The New Horizons probe took hundreds of photographs as it flew by the space rock at 32,200 miles per hour.

Images revealed that Arrokoth is flat like a pancake, rather than spherical in shape. The unprecedented data will likely reveal new clues about the solar system's evolution and how planets like Earth formed, though scientists are still receiving and processing the information from the distant probe.



Just days after New Horizons' fly-by, China's Chang'e-4 mission put a rover and lander on the far side of the moon — the part we can't see from Earth.

Before Chang'e-4's success, no country or space agency had ever touched the far side of the moon.

The name "Chang'e" is that of a mythical lunar goddess, and the "4" indicates that this is the fourth robotic mission in China's decade-long lunar exploration program.

The rover landed in the moon's South Pole-Aitken Basin, which is the site of a cataclysmic collision that occurred about 3.9 billion years ago. The celestial smash-up left a 1,550-mile-wide impact site that likely punched all the way through the moon's crust. Landing the spacecraft in this crater could therefore enable scientists to study some of the moon's most ancient rocks.



Elsewhere in the solar system, NASA scientists also learned about Mars quakes, the red planet's version of earthquakes.

NASA's InSight lander, which touched down on Mars in November 2018, has given scientists the unprecedented ability to detect and monitor Mars quakes.

The lander's built-in seismometer detected its first Mars quake in April. Since then, researchers have recorded more than 100 seismic events, about 21 of which were likely quakes. Reading the seismic waves on Mars, scientists hope, will reveal clues about what the planet's inside looks like. 



Over 5.5 million miles from Earth, a Japanese spacecraft landed on the surface of an asteroid called Ryugu in July.

The Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) launched its Hayabusa-2 probe in December 2014. Hayabusa-2 arrived at Ryugu in June 2018, but didn't land on the asteroid's surface until this year.

In order to collect samples from deep within the space rock, Hayabusa-2 blasted a hole in the asteroid before landing. The mission plan calls for it to bring those samples back to Earth. By studying Ryugu's innermost rocks and debris — which have been sheltered from the wear and tear of space — scientists hope to learn how asteroids like this may have seeded Earth with key ingredients for life billions of years ago.



NASA's Voyager 2 spacecraft left our solar system this year and entered the depths of interstellar space.

The probe beamed back unprecedented data about previously unknown boundary layers at the far edge of our solar system— an area known as the heliopause.

The discovery of these boundary layers suggests there are stages in the transition from our solar bubble to the interstellar space beyond that scientists did not know about until now.



Scientists also discovered a planet outside our solar system that could be our best bet for finding alien life.

In September, scientists announced they'd detected water vapor on a potentially habitable planet for the first time. The planet, named K2-18b, is a super-Earth that orbits a red dwarf star 110 light-years away.

K2-18b is the only known planet outside our solar system with water, an atmosphere, and a temperature range that could support liquid water on its surface. That makes it our "best candidate for habitability," one researcher said.



This was also a watershed year for the study of black holes. In April, the Event Horizon Telescope team published the first-ever image of a black hole.

The unprecedented photo shows the supermassive black hole at the center of the Messier 87 galaxy, which is about 54 million light-years away from Earth. The black hole's mass is equivalent to 6.5 billion suns. 

Though the image is somewhat fuzzy, it showed that, as predicted, black holes look like dark spheres surrounded by a glowing ring of light.

Scientists struggled for decades to capture a black hole on camera, since black holes distort space-time, ensuring that nothing can break free of their gravitational pull — even light. That's why the image shows a unique shadow in the form of a perfect circle at the center.

 



That wasn't the only black hole breakthrough this year: For the first time, scientists detected a black hole devouring a nearby neutron star.

In August, astrophysicists detected the aftermath of a collision between a black hole and a neutron star (the super-dense remnant of a dead star).

The catastrophic collision nearly a billion years ago created ripples in space-time, also known as gravitational waves. They passed through Earth this year.

This was the third event scientists observed using gravitational-wave detectors. In 2015, researchers detected waves from the collision of two black holes, and in 2017 they observed two neutron stars merging.

Einstein predicted the existence of gravitational waves in 1915, but thought they'd be too weak to ever pick up on Earth. New tools have proved otherwise.



This year saw many innovations in space-travel technology, too. In March, SpaceX launched Crew Dragon, a commercial spaceship designed for NASA astronauts, into orbit for the first time.

The maiden flight of Crew Dragon marked the first time that a commercial spaceship designed for humans has left Earth.

It was also the first time in eight years that any American spaceship made for people launched into orbit. Crew Dragon's successful test flight was a critical milestone for the US. Since NASA retired its fleet of space shuttles in 2011, the US has relied on Russian rockets and ships to taxi astronauts to and from the ISS.



Scientists also successfully harnessed the power of sunlight to power a spacecraft.

This summer, the Planetary Society — led by science communicator Bill Nye — launched a satellite called LightSail 2 into orbit, where it then unfurled a 344-square-foot solar sail.

As light particles reflect off that sail, they transfers momentum to the spacecraft.

A spacecraft that utilizes a solar sail in this way has an almost unlimited supply of energy. Advancing this type of propulsion technology could one day help spacecraft reach nearby star systems that aren't currently accessible due to the finite amounts of fuel we can launch off the planet.



On Earth, scientists have also made monumental — though often troubling — discoveries. Climate researchers found that the Antarctic and Greenland ice sheets are melting at unprecedented rates.

In April, a study revealed that the Greenland ice sheet is sloughing off an average of 286 billion tons of ice per year. Two decades ago, the annual average was just 50 billion.

In 2012, Greenland lost more than 400 billion tons of ice

Antarctica, meanwhile, lost an average of 252 billion tons of ice per year in the last decade. In the 1980s, by comparison, Antarctica lost 40 billion tons of ice annually.

What's more, parts of Thwaites Glacier in western Antarctica are retreating by up to 2,625 feet per year, contributing to 4% of sea-level rise worldwide. A study published in July suggested that Thwaites' melting is a time bomb that is likely approaching an irreversible point after which the entire glacier could collapse into the ocean. If that happened, global sea levels would rise by more than 1.5 feet.



Researchers' predictions about coming sea-level rise are getting more accurate — and scarier. Estimates suggest the world's oceans could rise 3 feet by 2100.

A September report from the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change projected that sea levels could rise by more than 3 feet by the end of the century. The rising water could affect hundreds of millions of people who live on small islands and in coastal regions.

Another study suggested that the number of people displaced by sea-level rise could reach 630 million if greenhouse-gas emissions continue to rise through 2100.



Another landmark UN report revealed that between 500,000 and 1 million plant and animals species face extinction, many within decades.

The report, published in April, estimated that 40% of amphibian species, more than 33% of all marine mammals and reef-forming corals, and at least 10% of insect species are threatened, largely as a result of human actions. Researchers also found that more than 500,000 land species already don't have enough natural habitat left to ensure their long-term survival.

This finding contributes to a rapidly growing body of evidence that suggests Earth is the midst of a sixth mass extinction— the sixth time in the planet's history that species are experiencing a major global collapse in numbers.



One nearly long-lost species, however, emerged from the wilderness this year. In June, scientists spotted a giant squid in its deep-sea habitat in the Gulf of Mexico.

The giant squid, which inspired the legend of the Kraken monster, has only been caught on video one other time. The creatures almost never leave the icy depths of their habitat, up to 3,300 feet (about 1,000 meters) beneath the waves.

In 2012, scientists from Japan's National Museum of Nature and Science filmed a giant squid in its natural habitat in the Ogasawara archipelago.



Another hidden part of nature — a lost continent — was found to be hiding under Europe.

Hundreds of millions of years ago, Earth had one giant supercontinent named Pangea, which eventually broke up into our modern-day continents. A recent study showed that in that process, an eighth continent slid under what is now southern Europe about 120 million years ago.

It's still hidden deep within the Earth.

The researchers named this continent Greater Adria. Its uppermost regions formed mountain ranges across Europe, like the Alps.



Anthropologists dug deep into the Earth to make incredible discoveries in 2019. In August, researchers announced they'd uncovered the oldest skull from a type of human ancestor ever found.

The skull, which belonged to the species Australopithecus anamensis, is 3.8 million years old. The fossil, nicknamed "MRD," revealed that these ancient people had protruding faces with prominent foreheads and cheek bones, much like other australopithecus species in the fossil record.

MRD's age also suggested that these human ancestors coexisted with another species of human ancestor, Australopithecus afarensis, for at least 100,000 years. The nearly complete skeleton "Lucy" was a member of that latter group, which roamed Africa between 3.9 million and 3 million years ago.

 



In April, anthropologists discovered teeth and a finger bone from a new species of human ancestor.

The new species, named Homo luzonensis after the Philippine island on which it was discovered, lived between 50,000 and 67,000 years ago.

A study described how this human ancestor shared traits with older human ancestors like Australopithecus and Homo erectus, as well as with modern-day humans. 



Researchers may have also discovered where anatomically modern humans originated from: modern-day Botswana.

An October study suggested that every person alive today descended from a woman who lived in an area of modern-day Botswana south of the Zambezi River about 200,000 years ago. Researchers narrowed in on that area using genetic analysis of DNA that gets passed down the female line.

This finding supports the theory that modern human ancestors migrated out of Africa then populated the world, rather than evolving in different pockets around the globe simultaneously.



In October, archaeologists in Egypt uncovered the biggest coffin find in a century.

At a site in Egypt's Asasif necropolis, where the ancient city of Thebes once stood, diggers uncovered 30 ancient wooden sarcophagi with perfectly preserved mummies inside. 

The coffins are about 3,000 years old and were probably for priests and children. 



Physicists and biologists made big breakthroughs this year, too. This summer, researchers captured quantum entanglement on camera for the first time.

According to quantum mechanics, two particles can be paired and separated, yet remain intimately and instantly connected across vast distances. One particle will affect the other no matter how far apart they are.

This is "quantum entanglement," and the strange phenomenon rattled Albert Einstein so much that he died disbelieving it could exist.



Researchers at the World Health Organization garnered a big win in the fight against Ebola in the Democratic Republic of Congo with two new treatments.

In July 2019, the World Health Organization declared the Ebola outbreak in Africa a global health emergency. Fortunately, two experimental treatments proved to dramatically boost survival rates. 

The two treatments, called REGN-EB3 and mAb-114, are cocktails of antibodies injected into people's bloodstreams. These therapies saved about 90% of new infected patients in the Congo.

"From now on, we will no longer say that Ebola is incurable," Jean-Jacques Muyembe, director general of the Institut National de Recherche Biomedicale in Republic of Congo, told Wired.



Researchers at St. Jude's hospital also found a cure to a severe genetic disease called "bubble boy" syndrome.

Babies who are born with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (XSCID) don't have disease-fighting immune cells. For them, the outside world is an intensely dangerous place. 

XSCID was nicknamed "bubble-boy" disease because of a young boy named David Vetter, who famously lived his entire life in a protective plastic bubble. Vetter died more than 30 years ago at age 12 after a failed treatment. 

In April, St. Jude scientists announced that they had successfully cured babies with XSCID using a new experimental gene therapy. 



These are the 10 'worst toys' you can buy this holiday season, a toy safety group says

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Bunchems! Toy

'Tis the season for toy and game shopping. But experts are warning against some products that might be more harmful than they appear. 

Toy safety advocacy group World Against Toys Causing Harm (WATCH) puts together an annual list of the 10 "worst toys" every year, highlighting potential hazards that come with different products on the market.

The 2019 list includes toys like a Nerf gun and a stuffed Yeti doll. The list details the hazards associated with each toy as well as the retailers that carry them.

"The reality, well known to the toy industry, is that parents and caregivers do not have laboratories for testing toys," James Swartz, director of WATCH, said in a statement to Business Insider. "We shop for toys, the same way parents and caregivers do, to survey the marketplace."

The Toy Association, a nonprofit trade association that represents toymakers, told Business Insider in a statement: "Toymakers and The Toy Association are committed to toy safety year-round. These efforts include providing useful tips for families and caregivers to help them choose age-appropriate toys and ensure safe play. The Association reminds parents and caregivers to always purchase toys from reputable stores and online sellers they know and trust. Toys sold by legitimate and known sellers are tested for compliance with the U.S.'s strict toy safety standard, which includes stringent limits for lead and other chemicals, a highly effective small parts regulation developed with the help of pediatricians, as well as requirements to ensure sturdiness and reliability of toys, among many other requirements."

Here are the 10 items on WATCH's list of the "worst toys" for the 2019 holiday season.

SEE ALSO: A popular liquid-filled toy is bursting in Target and Walmart stores after the toy company produced a batch with a quality issue

SEE ALSO: From Rubik's Cubes to Furby, here are 22 of the most iconic, best-selling toys of all time

Nerf Ultra One

Price: $49.99

Manufacturer or distributor: Hasbro

Retailers: Target.com, Walmart.com, Hasbro.com

Hazards: WATCH warns of a potential for eye injuries with this dart blaster that boasts a powerful firing speed that can reach a distance of up to 120 feet.



Spike the Fine Motor Hedgehog

Price: $17.99

Manufacturer or distributor: Learning Resources, Inc

Retailers: Magic Beans, Kohls.com, Amazon.com, eBay.com, Target.com, Walmart.com

Hazards: WATCH warns of a potential for ingestion and choking injuries, as the toy comes with removable pieces that can block a child's airway. 



Bunchems! Bunch 'n Build

Price: $16.58

Manufacturer or distributor: Spin Master LTD

Retailers: Amazon.com, Michael's, Michaels.com, Walmart.com, Nordstromrack.com, Lightinthebox.com

Hazards: WATCH warns of a potential for hair entanglement and choking, as the toy comes with many small balls that can get stuck in a child's hair. The manufacturer provides a warning for these hazards as well.



Yeti

Price: $21.24

Manufacturer or distributor: Douglas Company, Inc.

Retailers: Wellesley Toy Shop, Target.com, eBay.com, Walmart.com, Douglascuddletoy.com, Amazon.com

Hazards: WATCH warns of a potential for ingestion as well as aspiration — or lung-related — injuries that can result from pulling the hair out of the doll.



Nickelodeon Frozen Treats Slime

Price: $9.99

Manufacturer or distributor: LaRose Industries, LLC, d/b/a Cra-Z-Art

Retailers: Target, Target.com, Walmart.com

Hazards: The manufacturer warns buyers against ingesting harmful chemicals in the product, but WATCH warns that people should be extra wary of the toy, which looks like real food, and further warns of a potential for chemical ingestion and irritation injuries.



Anstoy Electronic Toy Gun

Price: $59.99

Manufacturer or distributor: Anstoy

Retailers: Amazon.com, PETXT

Hazards:"Detailed replicas mistaken for lethal weaponry have resulted in numerous deaths over the years, and should never be sold as toys," reads the hazard description on WATCH's list.

WATCH warns against toy weapons, which can lead to injury and death. The manufacturer warns against shooting at close range and advises that users wear goggles and not shoot at fragile targets.



Diecast School Bus

Price: $14.99

Manufacturer or distributor: Schylling

Retailer: Magic Beans

Hazards: The manufacturer warns about a choking hazard on a removable label. WATCH says that the removable wheels on the bus make for a serious choking hazard for young children.



Pogo Trick Board

Price: $29.99

Manufacturer or distributor: Flybar, Inc.

Retailers: Learning Express, Target.com, Walmart.com, Amazon.com, Flybar.com, Kohls.com

Hazards: WATCH warns of a potential for head and impact injuries. The manufacturer advises users to wear a helmet and protective gear.



Power Rangers Electronic Cheetah Claw

Price: $19.99

Manufacturer or distributor: Hasbro

Retailers: Target, Target.com, Amazon.com, Hasbrotoyshop.com, Bestbuy.com, Walmart.com, Galactictoys.com, Toywiz.com

Hazards: WATCH warns of a potential for eye and facial injuries from this plastic claw. The manufacturer warns against hitting people and mentions that the toy contains small parts.



Viga Pull Along Caterpillar

Price: $20.54

Manufacturer or distributor: VIGA; Belvedere

Retailers: Amazon.com, Toptoyusa.com

Hazards: WATCH warns of a potential for strangulation and entanglement injuries with this toy that has a string cord of approximately 24 inches in length. 



The best espresso machines

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  • True espresso only comes from high-end machines, but now you can have your very own espresso machine at home.
  • The semi-automatic Breville Barista Express Espresso Machine is the best one you can buy.
  • Black Friday and Cyber Monday are fast approaching, and many products in this guide will likely be on sale. You can check out our Black Friday and Cyber Monday deal coverage on Insider Picks here.

Coffee lovers start out innocently enough with drip filters, French presses, milk frothers, and stovetop espresso makers; but then next thing you know, they're browsing Amazon for full-on espresso machines with all the bells and whistles. If you've reached that stage of coffee addiction, don't worry, we're here for you.

We've researched everything you need to know about buying a shiny new espresso machine for your home and we've combed through the details and reviews for dozens of machines so you don't have to. Before we get into the best espresso machines you can buy for your home, let's take a look at all the key terms and information that you need to know to make an informed purchase.

What makes a true espresso?

The Italian Espresso National Institute has very strict standards as to what can be called a true espresso. However, the basic idea is this: Espresso machines force a small amount of nearly boiling water under at least 9 bars of pressure through finely ground coffee to make true espresso.

The result is a thicker, creamier coffee with more caffeine inside. Pressure seems to be the key defining metric of making real espresso, and that's why stovetop espresso machines don't produce "real" espresso, according to the experts (but we still highly recommend them for anyone on a budget).

What kind of espresso machines are there?

There are two kinds of espresso machines in this world: steam-driven and pump-driven. Steam-driven machines come in two types: stovetop espresso makers like the Bialetti Moka Express and pump-less electric machines. Neither are featured in this buying guide, but you can read all about our favorite stovetop espresso makers here.

Pump-driven machines are much more common and there are more varieties that fall under that umbrella, according to CoffeLounge.

  • Manual Lever Pump: It works just like you'd imagine it would — you manually pump the espresso out by hand with no help from electricity.
  • Electronic Pump: With this kind of machine, you set the right temperature and electricity pumps the espresso out for you.
  • Semi-Automatic Pump: Here, you'll grind the beans and tamp them into the filter before turning on the machine. Then, you pump the button to turn it on until the water turns black, at which point you turn it off.
  • Automatic Pump: This machine also makes you grind the beans and tamp them into the portafilter. The machine will automatically turn on to brew the espresso and go off again when it's done.
  • Super Automatic Pump: Finally, a super automatic machine takes everything out of your hands. It grinds the beans, tamps the grounds into the filter, boils the water, pushes it with lots of pressure, and takes care of the waste for you. It's very easy, but it'll cost you a pretty penny.

There are also fully automatic pod machines like the Nespresso, which require zero assistance from you beyond popping in a pod and pressing a button. All of the machines in this buying guide are either semi-automatic or pod machines.

Here are our top picks for the best espresso machines:

Updated on 11/25/19 by Caitlin Petreycik: Updated links and pricing. 

SEE ALSO: The best stovetop espresso makers and moka pots you can buy

The best espresso machine overall

The semi-automatic Breville BES870XL Barista Express Espresso Machine makes top-notch espresso and it includes a burr grinder, tamper, and frothing pitcher.

Most espresso machines don't come with everything you need, so you end up buying a bunch of accessories to actually make your coffee. Not so with the Breville BES870XL Barista Express Espresso Machine

It comes with a stainless steel conical burr grinder, a 1/2 pound sealed bean hopper, a 54mm tamper, a steaming wand for frothing your milk, and a frothing pitcher. The only thing you need to buy is the espresso beans. The user manual is very detailed, so you should be able to follow its instructions without too much trouble.

Based on our testing, learning how to use the machine is well worth the effort, and the result is absolutely beautiful tasting coffee. It's actually really easy to use, and you'll have the process down after two or three attempts.

The Barista Express espresso machine uses a 15 Bar Italian Pump and a 1600W Thermocoil heating system to make rich espresso. Since it's a semi-automatic machine, the Breville automatically adjusts water temperature after steam to extract the most flavor out of your beans. The machine also has a 67 fl.oz (2L) water tank with a nice handle for easy removal, and it comes with a replaceable water filter.

The built-in burr grinder is high quality, and you can easily adjust the grind size and amount with a dial on the front of the machine. You can choose to use either a single- or double-wall filter basket, and the grinder will automatically adjust to give you the right amount of coffee grounds for your brew. Reviewers love that it comes with the grinder and praise its quality.

If you push the 54mm stainless steel portafilter into the hands-free grinding cradle, the grounds will go right into the filter. The grinder shuts off when it's done, too, so you don't have to worry about figuring out if you've got the right amount. Finally, the included 54mm tamper ensures that your grounds are evenly pressed, so you get the most out of your beans.

When it comes to deciding how much espresso you want to make, you can choose between two presets for 1 and 2 cup volumes. Alternatively, you can manually override the settings and choose your own amount of espresso.

The Thermocoil heating system controls the water temperature, and you can watch the espresso machine's pressure gauge. If you want frothy milk on top of your espresso, you can use the 360-degree swivel steam wand to whip up some foam in the included milk pitcher. 

A removable drip tray catches any excess, so you don't end up with a huge mess on your hands. You do have to clean that part every day. Breville's machine will also tell you when it needs a thorough cleaning, and it comes with a special cleaning kit. Follow Breville's very detailed care and maintenance guide to keep your machine in working order.

The machine comes with a one-year warranty in case of issues. User reviews on Amazon are very positive, and most people had a very easy time making high-end espresso with the machine. 

Across the web, expert reviewers from Best Products, Digital Trends, Coffee Lounge, Coffee Maker Picks, and Espresso Perfecto all highly recommend this machine.

If you're inexperienced, it's a good machine to learn with, and if you're interested in fiddling around with settings, you can do that, too. It's an all-around great espresso machine, according to several reviews by experts and everyday users. 

The best part about this machine is that it comes with everything you need (except the beans). You don't have to spend an extra $100+ on a good grinder or $25-$100 on a milk frothing pitcher and tamper. You will pay a bit more for it than some other machines on this list, but it's well worth it.

Pros: Built-in burr grinder and frother, makes great crema on your espresso, it's relatively easy to use, lovely design, and a one-year warranty

Cons: Not cheap



The best espresso machine for less than $100

The De'Longhi EC155 15 BAR Pump Espresso and Cappuccino Maker is affordable, but it still makes strong espresso.

Not everyone can afford a top-of-the-line espresso machine, but there are some good options out there for less than $100. The De'Longhi EC155 15 BAR Pump Espresso and Cappuccino Maker is the best of the sub-$100 category with its easy-to-use design and tasty espresso.

It's a basic machine that gets the job done, but it has great Italian design and it's made by a brand that's a household name in Italy.

You get a manual milk frother and a built-in tamper along with the machine, so you do have to buy your own grinder and milk frothing pitcher if you want foam on top. Many reviewers and users complain that the tamper and milk frother aren't that great, though, so you may end up buying those, too.

You can check out our best milk frothers here. Some of you will stick with the machine's frothing wand, but you'll still need a milk frothing pitcher, so we recommend this one from Rattleware. Should you want a better tamper, we recommend this one from Rattleware. To save money on the coffee grinder, you can try this manual Hario Skerton Ceramic Coffee Mill, but if you want a high-end one, you may pay more than $200 for it.

Regardless of whether you buy extra accessories, it's still very affordable, and you're really buying this machine for the espresso. The De'Longhi delivers in that regard. It's a 15 bar machine with a self-priming function, so you don't have to go through the hassle of prepping the machine. The 35oz water tank is removable for cleaning and it has a drip tray to catch spills. and a durable, high-quality stainless steel boiler to ensure many years of delicious espresso.

Although the machine may not be entirely stainless steel like the high-end machines on this list, it does have stainless steel where it counts: the boiler. The 3-in-1 filter holder lets you choose between has a holder for one espresso shot, a holder for two shots, or one for an espresso pod.

De'Longhi offers a one-year limited warranty and you can check the user manual for extra details.

User reviews on Amazon are mostly positive and it's the number one best-seller on the site for semi-automatic espresso machines. Experts from Best Products, Coffee Lounge, Fresh Presso, and Coffee Maker Picks all recommend the De'Longhi EC 155 Espresso and Cappuccino Maker as a great budget option.

Even if you end up buying everything we recommend for the De'Longhi, you'd still pay a mere $168.47, which is very affordable for an espresso machine.

Pros: Affordable, relatively easy to use, offers real espresso machine performance for less than $100, and it makes good espresso

Cons: No built-in grinder, tricky to clean, built-in milk frother and tamper aren't the best

Buy the Hario Skerton Ceramic Coffee Mill on Amazon for $41.24

Buy the Rattleware 20-Ounce Latte Art Milk Frothing Pitcher on Amazon for $18.75

Buy the Rattleware 53-Millimeter Aluminum Tamper on Amazon for $30.85



The best pod espresso machine

The Nespresso VertuoPlus Coffee and Espresso Maker by De'Longhitakes all the work out of making espresso at home, and you can get tons of differently flavored pods.

True espresso purists may shudder at the thought of popping coffee in a pod and pressing a button to extract espresso from it, but convenience is king these days. Nespresso made espresso pods popular, and now they're everywhere. If you want to go that route, the Nespresso VertuoPlus Coffee and Espresso Maker by De'Longhi is the best one.

The first thing you need to know is that the pods are expensive. If you buy 30 pods, you'll pay nearly $40 — That's a lot more than a bag of good espresso beans. However, if ease-of-use and convenience are more important to you than money, the Nespresso VertuoPlus espresso machine will be worth its weight in gold. Just don't forget to recycle!

The Nespresso machine takes all the grinding, tamping, and measuring out of the equation. You just turn it on, pop some pods in, and press the button to make espresso. It has a fast pre-heating time, and the pump offers 19 bar of pressure. The water tank has a 40-ounce capacity. 

It's very easy to clean and reviewers on Amazon just love the simplicity of the Nespresso. Espresso experts are less enthused, but they'll still recommend Nespresso as a good capsule machine. Trusted Reviews gave it a good score as did TechRadar

Amazon lists it as the number one best-seller in espresso machines, and it is a good deal. However, you can probably do better with the other options on our list if you're willing to put in a bit of effort for better espresso, and the De'Longhi EC 155 Espresso and Cappuccino Maker is actually cheaper.

Pros: You don't have to do anything, pods are easy to buy online, fun flavors, easy to use, and it's inexpensive

Cons: You have to recycle the pods, pods are expensive, and it's not the best espresso you can make at home



The best espresso machine if money is no object

The Breville Barista Touch takes the great design and high-quality espresso of the Barista Express and adds the tech to help you create and save your favorite drinks.

Looking for an awesome espresso machine that leverages the latest and greatest tech to provide an excellent user experience? The Breville Barista Touch takes the Barista Express to the next level, giving you the ability to create and save drinks, and use the touchscreen to control the various aspects of the machine.

The machine comes with a built-in grinder that delivers the right amount of ground coffee for any recipe. It has a super short three-second heat up time, which means you get your shot of espresso that much faster.

Perhaps the best thing about the Barista Touch is how easy it is to use. You can make drinks from a list on the machine or you can create and save your own favorite recipes. The machine does most of the work for you so you get the perfect drink every time.

Breville's beautiful sense of style is evident in the espresso machine's design. The brushed metal look should fit in any home and add a bit of glamour to your countertop.

Expert reviewers and buyers alike love this espresso machine. BravoTV wrote a review explaining why it's worth the money even though it's pricey. Indeed, when you do the math to calculate just how much money you spend over the course of a year on espresso, cappuccinos, and other high-end coffee drinks, you'll see just how much money this admittedly expensive machine will save you in the long run.

And at least it's less expensive than the $2,500 Oracle Touch. — Christian de Looper

Pros: Beautiful design, all-in-one style, excellent quality drinks

Cons: Expensive



The best manual espresso machine

The Flair Espresso machine is the best shot of espresso you're going to pull at home, and you can get the machine for less than $200.

Being a full-blown espresso fiend, my quest for the perfect espresso is never-ending. I've generally been pleased with the $5,000+ machines from which my café shots come, but getting anywhere near that quality at home has been a constant challenge. Sure, I am, on occasion, impressed with my successes while working with my simple stovetop Bialetti Mokka Pot or GROSCHE stovetop espresso machine.

I originally liked the Flair as a potential portable espresso maker for camping, and perhaps for a camper van, but it quickly found a home on my kitchen counter and hasn't left since.

Pulling a shot of espresso with the Flair is something of a chore in the beginning, but it really only takes somewhere between three and five minutes. If you're used to using any type of espresso machine or pot, you'll pick it up quickly. The first piece of advice I'll give you is that an investment in a burr grinder is going to make your life with the Flair a lot better, and your grounds more consistent.

I started out with a regular blade grinder, ground my beans a little too finely after a few shots, and found that I couldn't get it to operate as easily. I pulled a little harder, and then harder still, thinking I might unclog it. At some point I decided, out of curiosity, to put the balance of my bodyweight down on the thing, at which point the copper-colored part of the stand snapped. If I had read the instruction manual or even the little warning sticker on the machine, I would have realized that half of my bodyweight was easily the contraption's limit and well above the pressure required to pull a good shot anyhow.

Since receiving a replacement part, I've been a little more cautious, and ultimately, the issue was that sometimes I was grinding my beans too finely, preventing me from pulling a shot at all. Suffice it to say that investing in a burr grinder was the best move.

The most unique thing about the Flair is that it comes with a detachable brewing head, which you can also buy separately so if you're pulling shots for a few people, you can stack them up and not have to clean and tamp shots between pulling each one. — Owen Burke

Pros: Affordable, produces thick and cream-rich shots, easy to clean, looks beautiful on the counter

Cons: It can be a bit of a pain to reload it if you're making espresso for more than just yourself (but this will more or less be the case with any single-cup espresso machine)



The best lever espresso machine

La Pavoni's Europiccola is a timeless machine that looks great and pulls a perfect shot.

You might be a little intimidated at first: This is your step up from the Flair, but keep in mind that operating this machine and its attached boiler and steamer still requires a bit of work. Your tamping and grinding skills are still at play, and only practice will get you to the point of being able to pull a good shot more often than not.

There are several companies making lever espresso machines, but La Pavoni has been making them for more than a hundred years, and we like to think the company knows what it's doing. La Pavoni lever machines are built like tanks, using hardly any plastic, save for the boiler cap, handle, and steam knob, which can be swapped out for wood. This makes cleaning a cinch, and it also means that these things are built to last. So long as you don't do anything catastrophic, you'll most likely be passing it on to future generations.

But, until you pass your La Pavoni on down the line, it probably won't be doing much moving. At 14 pounds, the best thing to do is pick a convenient, aesthetically-pleasing perch atop a kitchen counter and never really move it. This is not a portable machine by any stretch, and if you're looking for something you can tuck away, this is not it.

In short, take even moderately good care of your La Pavoni and it will likely take excellent care of you and yours for decades to come. — Owen Burke

Pros: A classic design that'll look good in any kitchen, few plastic parts

Cons: Not cheap, takes a little time to perfect pulling a shot

Buy wooden handle, cap, and knob kit on Amazon for $275.00



How to clean your espresso machine

Espresso machines aren't the easiest things to clean. Every machine is different, but CoffeeLounge has some great basic tips for beginners that should apply to most machines.

  • Clean the outside regularly. It's best if you do this before and after each use so that you avoid germs, dust, and other particles interfering with your machine.
  • Clean the inside of your machine by running water through it. Each machine will have a slightly different process, and some manufacturers provide tips and suggestions in user manuals. CoffeeLounge and other suggest mixing 2 oz. of vinegar in 20 oz. of water every now and then to clean out the machine even more thoroughly. After you use vinegar, though, be sure to rinse it three times with water to avoid any lingering vinegar taste in your next espresso.
  • Clean the frothing wand and grinder. You can dust off extra grounds with a brush. Clean both after each use.
  • Disassemble and wash any removable parts and pop them in your dishwasher or sink for a good soap and water scrub. You don't have to do this part every day, but try to do it more than once a month.
  • Follow your machine's instructions. You can also use special espresso cleaners, but be sure to follow all these steps and check the special instructions your machine has in the manual.


Everything you need to make espresso

Some machines come with all the accessories you need to make espresso, but others don't. Check to see if your machine includes any accessories before you buy them. You will need a grinder to have freshly ground espresso, a milk frother or a milk frothing pitcher if you like foamy milk for cappuccinos or lattes, and a tamper to press down the coffee grounds before you make espresso. We explain why you need each one and recommend which ones to buy below.


The best coffee grinder you can buy

If your machine doesn't have a grinder built-in and it doesn't use pods, you'll need to buy a grinder. Burr grinders are best, and you should try to get the most powerful one you can find. It's key to have evenly ground coffee that's meant for an espresso machine. You'll get the most flavor and crema out of perfectly ground beans.

Here's a budget option: Buy the Hario Skerton Ceramic Coffee Mill on Amazon for $41.24 

Here's a top-of-the-line option: Buy the Baratza Encore Conical Burr Coffee Grinder on Amazon for $139.00


The best milk frother you can buy

You'll need a milk frothing pitcher for most of these machines and a milk frother for others on this list.

If your machine doesn't have a steam frothing wand, you can read our full guide on the best milk frothers here

If your machine has a steam frothing wand but no frothing pitcher, you can buy the Rattleware 20-Ounce Latte Art Milk Frothing Pitcher on Amazon for $18.75


The best tamper you can buy

The tamper is a nifty tool that evenly presses your grounds so you can make the most out of your coffee beans while making espresso.

Here's an affordable option: Buy the Rattleware 53-Millimeter Aluminum Tamper on Amazon for $30.85



Check out our other great coffee gear guides

The best coffee makers you can buy whether you want drip coffee or espresso

A great coffee maker can make or break your brew — and your morning. These are the best coffee makers you can buy, whether you want a drip coffee, French Press, espresso, pour-over, or cold brew coffee maker.

Here are the best coffee makers you can buy:


The best French Presses you can buy

You can brew coffee in a number of ways, but many caffeine addicts swear by the French Press method. Of all the French Presses we researched, these are our favorites:


The best stovetop espresso makers you can buy

After hours and hours of research, testing, and countless ensuing caffeine overloads, these are the best stovetop espresso makers we've found to make strong, delicious coffee right at home:


The best coffee grinders you can buy

Freshly ground coffee is addictive and delicious. If you want to make the perfect brew each morning, you need a coffee grinder. After much research and some testing, we found that these to be the best coffee grinders you can buy:


The best milk frothers you can buy

If you love cappuccinos, you need a great milk frother. After much research and testing, here are the best we've found:


The best tampers you can buy for your espresso machine

If you love to make espresso at home, you need a high-quality tamper to ensure that your grounds are ready to make the best shot of espresso possible.

Here are the best espresso tampers you can buy:



Your ultimate guide to holiday gift ideas for 2019 — from gifts under $100, $50, and $25, to the coolest tech gifts out there

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IP Holiday Gift Guides Landing Page 4x3

Despite all the festive cheer and time with loved ones that come with the holiday season, it can also be a stressful time if you plan on buying gifts for everyone in your life.

Every year, Insider Picks creates dozens of gift guides to help you find the best Christmas gifts out there — for any budget, hobby or interest, and person. You can find all our holiday gift guides on this page, but to make it even easier on you, we've also rounded up and categorized them below. 

Consider this your ultimate cheat sheet to knocking out your gift shopping for the year. Click on a link below to jump directly to all the gift guides in that category. 

Black Friday is this week. If you're looking to save on gifts, you may find some of the gift ideas below on sale during Black Friday and Cyber Monday. Some of our favorite Black Friday deals to gift include Amazon Black Friday deals on Echo and Kindle devices, Best Buy Black Friday deals on electronics of all sorts, Brooklinen Black Friday deals on sheets and bedding bundles, and Mejuri Black Friday deals on everyday fine jewelry.

Here's a master list of all our holiday gift guides: 



The elements of a good present — thoughtful, useful, or novel — aren't restricted to a big budget.

It's tough to be a tech enthusiast when the market is full of expensive gadgets. Some of the best tech gifts, however, won't cost more than $25. 

Stocking stuffers have a reputation for being cute but useless. These small gifts challenge that perception.

Surprise your friendly neighborhood mailman or the cousin you only ever see at the big family holiday gathering with a thoughtful stocking stuffer. 

Grab these beauty stocking stuffers from brands like Charlotte Tilbury, Guerlain, and Givenchy. 





Whether you're searching for practical, nostalgic, quirky, or sentimental, there's an under-$50 gift from brands big and small in this guide. 

Not only are all these gifts affordable, but they're also available on a shopping site you know well. 

When it comes to gifting your own mother, the saying "it's the thought that counts" has never been more appropriate. 

Kitchen gifts don't have to be expensive. Even a simple and practical accessory like a ramekin or avocado slicer will make them happy. 

A good manager isn't easy to come by. Show your appreciation with a useful, thoughtful, and work-appropriate gift.

Gift the coworker who you Slack incessantly and is your go-to partner at office happy hours. 

Gift swaps reward the niche, novel, and irreverent, with bonus points going to those who can check the boxes of funny and useful.

Whether you're looking for the perfect gift for your sister, mom, partner, or otherwise, we've put together a list of over 50 great gifts under $50 that we think she'll love. 

The unique selection of gifts includes picks for every sort of dad, from the hapless car-key-losing fool to the history buff and the masterful (and not-so-masterful) home chef. 





With a $100 budget, you can buy anything from a smart speaker to an educational cooking class

Most people automatically think cool tech has to be expensive. Wireless earbuds, fitness trackers, and smart lights prove the assumption wrong. 

Here's a double whammy: fast Prime shipping and under $100. 

If you're not already one of their favorite students, you surely will be after they receive something from this list. 



Gift swaps reward the niche, novel, and irreverent, with bonus points going to those who can check the boxes of funny and useful.

Stocking stuffers have a reputation for being cute but useless. These small gifts challenge that perception.

Surprise your friendly neighborhood mailman or the cousin you only ever see at the big family holiday gathering with a thoughtful stocking stuffer. 



When it comes to gifting your own mother, the saying "it's the thought that counts" has never been more appropriate.

From classic cashmere sweaters to monthly wine subscriptions, you'll be able to find something no matter your budget.

Whether you're looking for the perfect gift for your sister, mom, partner, or otherwise, we've put together a list of over 50 great gifts under $50 that we think she'll love. 

You won't find bedazzled, dumbed down, and all-pink tech gadgets here. These gifts are both stylish and powerful. 

Grandma is another important woman in your life who you know always has your back. Show her the love and appreciation she deserves with these gifts. 

We give you more than three dozen gift ideas that make gifting your partner infinitely easier this year. 

You don't need to spend a crazy amount of money or plan an extravagant gesture to show your wife you appreciate her. 

Nordstrom carries some of the best brands in beauty and skin care, like everyday makeup from Anastasia Beverly Hills and luxurious creams from La Mer. 

Sephora, of course, features no shortage of cool beauty and skin-care gifts. We look forward to shopping its beauty exclusives every year. 

Beauty sets are pre-curated, gift-ready, and more affordable than if you bought all the products individually. 

Grab these beauty stocking stuffers from brands like Charlotte Tilbury, Guerlain, and Givenchy. 

Not only are you reminding them to take care of themselves, but good skin lasts way longer than a box of chocolates. 

This guide's author has a teen sister herself and has many fun ideas as a result. 

Any mom, tech-savvy or no, can appreciate a good gadget that makes her life easier and happier.



Find the perfect gift for the man in your life — boyfriend, husband, fiancé, or otherwise. 

Every gift he could ever want, from a fidget toy to luxury sheets, can be found on Amazon. 

Dads always say they never want anything, but we came up with 50 gift ideas for you anyways. 

Some of these gifts for your husband might even benefit the entire family, so it's a cost-efficient, win-win situation. 

If you have a specific budget you're working with, you'll find affordable yet useful gifts in this guide. 

Here's a double whammy: fast Prime shipping and under $100. 

Make his travels more enjoyable, restful, and convenient with gifts like comfortable shoes and a streaming service subscription.

The unapologetic Disney dad in your life might love a Disney Plus subscription, retro Magic Kingdom sweatshirt, and Mickey Mouse watch. 

 



Most people automatically think cool tech has to be expensive. Wireless earbuds, fitness trackers, and smart lights prove the assumption wrong. 

You won't find bedazzled, dumbed down, and all-pink tech gadgets here. These gifts are both stylish and powerful. 

Whether they have the newest iPhone or are still hanging on to their iPhone 6, they'll love these small upgrades to their phone. 

"Alexa..." Listen to music, call a friend, and change the room's temperatures with these smart home products. 

It's tough to be a tech enthusiast when the market is full of expensive gadgets. Some of the best tech gifts, however, won't cost more than $25. 

In an iPhone-driven world, it's actually not as difficult as you think to gift an Android owner. 

Any mom, tech-savvy or no, can appreciate a good gadget that makes her life easier and happier.

It can be hard to figure out which tech gifts teens are actually excited about. 



The best subscription services help your recipient discover something new or make their everyday life a little easier. 

Etsy is a treasure trove for handmade goods. Even better, these ones ship for free. 

Using the Amazon Gift Finder tool, we found some cool gifts that makes shopping on the site feel less impersonal. 

As its name suggests, UncommonGoods is filled with non-generic and memorable gifts. You're guaranteed to find something truly unique here. 

The TV show "Shark Tank" never ceases to entertain and inspire us with its innovative products and hardworking entrepreneurs. 

In the place known as "the everything store," we show you the most interesting gift finds. 

Shopping sustainably and responsibly doesn't have to stop during the holidays.

A gift isn't truly unique until it has a personalized mark on it — like a monogram, their favorite song, or their specific flavor preferences. 

Make your memories official with a photo book, calendar, canvas print, and more. 

While the eight-day celebration of Hanukkah isn't rooted in gifting, it's become commonplace to give gifts over the course of the holiday.

This underrated section of Amazon combines the unique product selection of sites like Etsy and UncommonGoods with the convenience of the Amazon shopping experience. 

Beyond the usual fart jokes and political gags, there are gifts that are actually funny and memorable. 

The special animal in your life — be it a dog, cat, lizard, or fish — deserves a gift, too. 

The guide includes helpful labels for which age group each gift is appropriate. 



Carrying legacies like KitchenAid and Le Creuset to modern classics like Instant Pot, specialty shop Williams Sonoma proves it's serious about cooking. 

Sur La Table has a great selection of gifts for cooks of all levels. Or, if your recipient would rather eat than cook, it has gifts for foodies, too. 

In addition to devising creative and delicious recipes, Food52 sells kitchen products, including ones from its own in-house brand. 

They'll always have a meal, dessert, or drink ready on the table with one of these cookbooks in hand.

Kitchen gifts don't have to be expensive. Even a simple and practical accessory like a ramekin or avocado slicer will make them happy. 

Host gifts are never really necessary, but they are a nice way to show your appreciation that someone invited you over, be it for holidays or casual hangouts. 

The pros tell us what to give someone who loves being in the kitchen.  They personally use these tools and appliances in their professional or home kitchens. 

In order to create its candles, Homesick Candles polled people from different states and cities to find out what home smells like to them. 

 



If they have a sweet tooth, they won't be disappointed by the delectable cookies, truffles, and cake from the New York City-based Milk Bar.

Goldbelly makes it possible to satisfy their most specific cravings wherever they live in the US — a cheesecake from Junior's, deep dish pizza from Lou Malnati, and more. 

There's no such thing as too much tea or teapots, at least according to this guide written by our editor and self-professed tea lady. 

They include the usual (chocolate, cheese, wine) and the unusual (Japanese snacks, tea "drops"). 



Fuel their passion for songs, bands, instruments, and genres of all types.

Whether they're climbing, fly fishing, camping, surfing, or just hanging out at the beach, there are certain pieces of equipment that are plainly and simply essential.

Arm them with the gear that they can wear to The Wizarding World of Harry Potter or decor that shows off their Gryffindor pride. 

This guide is filled with hands-on gift options, including a lightsaber, huge Lego set, or a slime kit.

The top toys of 2019 from ShopDisney and the Disney Store make great gifts for every kid on your list. 

Mickey Mouse is 91 years old this year and we have 30 gifts that pay homage to this iconic Disney mascot. 

The unapologetic Disney dad in your life might love a Disney Plus subscription, retro Magic Kingdom sweatshirt, and Mickey Mouse watch. 

While Marvel primarily exists in comic book and movie form, there is a thriving market of Marvel-inspired goods and merchandise.

The binge-worthy show has spawned plenty of fun gift ideas.  

Most golfers love trying out new equipment, which means a golf gift is always appreciated and almost certainly will be used, no matter the outdoor conditions. 

Make his travels more enjoyable, restful, and convenient with gifts like comfortable shoes and a streaming service subscription.

Jumpstart their fitness goals for the new year with the appropriate gear or memberships. 



Procrastinators, this is the guide for you. As long as you're a Prime member, you can get any of these cool gifts in two days. 

Using the Amazon Gift Finder tool, we found some cool gifts that makes shopping on the site feel less impersonal. 

Not only are all these gifts affordable, but they're also available on a shopping site you know well. 

In the place known as "the everything store," we show you the most interesting gift finds. 

Teenagers are notoriously difficult to find gifts for, so skip the headache and read this guide. 

This guide's author has a teen sister herself and has many fun ideas as a result. 

Every gift he could ever want, from a fidget toy to luxury sheets, can be found on Amazon. 

Beyond the usual fart jokes and political gags, there are gifts that are actually funny and memorable. 

Here's a double whammy: fast Prime shipping and under $100. 

Walk into a Nordstrom and you're bound to run into something worth gifting. Shop our picks for the best clothing, accessory, and home gifts. 

Nordstrom carries some of the best brands in beauty and skin care, like everyday makeup from Anastasia Beverly Hills and luxurious creams from La Mer. 

Sephora, of course, features no shortage of cool beauty and skin care gifts. We look forward to shopping its beauty exclusives every year. 

Carrying legacies like KitchenAid and Le Creuset to modern classics like Instant Pot, specialty shop Williams Sonoma proves it's serious about cooking. 

Sur La Table has a great selection of gifts for cooks of all levels. Or, if your recipient would rather eat than cook, it has gifts for foodies, too. 

In addition to devising creative and delicious recipes, Food52 sells kitchen products, including ones from its own in-house brand. 

Etsy is a treasure trove for handmade goods. Even better, these ones ship for free.

As its name suggests, UncommonGoods is filled with non-generic and memorable gifts. You're guaranteed to find something truly unique here. 

The TV show "Shark Tank" never ceases to entertain and inspire us with its innovative products and hardworking entrepreneurs. 

Urban Outfitters is known for its slightly kitschy but interesting accessories, home products, and tech gadgets.  



Nordstrom carries some of the best brands in beauty and skin care, like everyday makeup from Anastasia Beverly Hills and luxurious creams from La Mer. 

Sephora, of course, features no shortage of cool beauty and skin-care gifts. We look forward to shopping its beauty exclusives every year. 



A pilot and Instagram influencer with 500,000 followers shares her 8 best travel tips

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Swedish influencer and pilot Maria Fagerström uses Instagram to share her life as a pilot, her travels, and the home she shares with her boyfriend with her nearly 500,000 followers.

In some posts, she answers questions that followers have about her unusual and glamorous life, from what flight school is like to things people don't know about being a pilot.

As a short haul pilot, Fagerström usually gets back to Spain to sleep in her own bed, but during her time off, she travels frequently. Here are some of her best tips for traveling. 

SEE ALSO: Stop charging your phone like this at the airport, it's not safe

1. "I always bring an empty water bottle with me to refill once you go air side whenever I travel as a passenger," Fagerström told Business Insider.



2. Bring extra socks in your carry-on to wear if you want to take off your shoes, especially for going to the bathroom.



3. Tag your checked luggage, and add an extra label saying "fragile," which "may increase the chances of airport staff handling your stuff with more care" according to Fagerström.



4. Always bring a fully charged power bank for when your batteries run low.



5. Fagerström also said she always brings her "precious noise-cancelling headset."



6. Board early, so that overhead bins don't fill up, or you might have to check bags at the gate. In the rush, your bag could get tagged incorrectly and be lost when you arrive. "Happened to me more than once so I always try to board first," Fagerström said.



7. Never exchange currency at the airport if you can help it — ATMs are usually faster and cheaper.



8. Finally, a tip from Fagerström's father, a long-haul pilot, on fighting jetlag: "Listen to your body and get some sleep whenever you can, even if it's only a 15-minute power nap in the middle of the day." She also advises staying away from sugar.

You can follow along with Fagerström's travels on Instagram right here.




Taylor Swift just broke Michael Jackson's record at the AMAs. From bicoastal mansions to lavish vacations, see how the superstar spends her $360 million-plus fortune.

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Taylor Swift American Music Awards 2019

Taylor Swift was honored with "Artist of the Decade" at the 2019 American Music Awards.

She's now earned 29 AMAs throughout her career, beating Michael Jackson's all-time record of 24 AMAs, reported Zach Seemayer for Entertainment Tonight. That makes her the artist with the most AMA wins ever.

At 15 years old, Swift was the youngest songwriter to ever sign with Sony. She now has 10 Grammys on her shelf, several tours under her belt (including one that generated a staggering quarter of a billion dollars), an endless list of chart-topping songs and albums, and a beloved fan base who dub themselves "Swifties."

Such success makes Swift one of the world's highest-paid celebrities and one of the richest female singers. According to Forbes, she has an estimated net worth of $360 million — and that's not including the final earnings from her 2018 Reputation Stadium Tour, which was the highest-grossing tour in US history.

Swift has been strategic and generous with her money, investing in a sprawling $84 million real estate portfolio and often donating it to causes she supports and people in need.

Below, see how Swift earns and spends her fortune.

SEE ALSO: Taylor Swift owns at least $84 million in real estate across four states — and she's not even 30

DON'T MISS: 5 Hollywood celebrities who became billionaires and are vastly more rich than their peers

In June, Taylor Swift had an estimated net worth of $360 million, which has likely grown due to her music, merchandise, and endorsements.

Source: Forbes



Ever the superstar, Swift's endorsement deals and partnerships are with high-profile brands, including Keds, Diet Coke, CoverGirl, Capital One, and Apple, which bring in a lot of income.

Source:Money



Swift has had a long-term partnership with Diet Coke since 2013, which has involved her chatting about her love for the drink in a "Bon Appetit" interview and holding the drink while on camera.

Source:Hollywood Reporter, Variety



Adele and Madonna, who have comparable fan bases to Swift, didn't put as much effort into brand partnerships and touring as Swift did in 2016 — and only made half of her paycheck, at $80.5 million and $76.5 million respectively, according to Quartz.

Source:Quartz



In fact, aside from brand partnerships and endorsements, touring is Swift's biggest money maker. Her 1989 tour grossed more than $250 million in 2015.

Source: Forbes



She earned even more than that during her Reputation Stadium Tour in 2018. Five shows in, Swift had already earned $54 million in sales — that's $10.8 million per show.

Source: Forbes, Refinery29



The Reputation Stadium Tour ended up being the highest grossing tour in US history — it grossed $266.1 million on more than 2 million ticket sales.

Source:Forbes



But her tours don't just bring in ticket sales. Billboard estimated that Swift sells $17 of merchandise per ticket at her shows.

Source: Billboard



Swift was the world's top-earning musician in June 2016, bringing home a record $170 million between June 2015 and June 2016, according to Forbes. The same year, it was estimated that Swift makes $1 million a day.

Source:Forbes, Express 



Swift had a more "quiet year" in 2017, according to Forbes, bringing in $44 million and ranking ninth on Forbes' list of the world's highest-paid celebrities.

Source:Forbes



By July 2018, not including touring revenues, Swift had earned an estimated $5 million in record sales, $2.4 million through streaming, and $2 million in publishing royalties, according to Billboard.

Source:Billboard



A few years ago, it was estimated that Swift could become a billionaire by the time she turns 30 — which will happen this December. Here's how she spends her fortune ...

Source: Express



Swift is a real-estate mogul, with a sprawling $84 million real estate portfolio that consists of eight properties in four different states, according to property values estimated by Trulia.

Source: Business Insider, Trulia



In Nashville, she owns a 3,240-square-foot condo worth an estimated $3 million and a 5,600-square-foot Greek Revival estate worth an estimated $2.5 million. The latter is the cheapest property she owns.

Source: Business Insider, Trulia



In LA, Swift currently has a Beverly Hills home on the market for $2.85 million. She also owns a 10,982 square-foot Beverly Hills mansion worth nearly $30 million. She plans to turn it into a historic landmark.

Source: Business Insider, Trulia



Across the coast, Swift owns an estate with seaside views in Watch Hill, Rhode Island, valued at $6.65 million. With 12,000 square feet, it has plenty of room for parties with her squad.

Source: Business Insider, Trulia



But that's nothing compared to the estimated $40 million worth of property Swift owns in New York City on the same block in Tribeca. That includes a 8,309-square-foot large duplex penthouse and a four-story townhouse.

Source: Business Insider, Trulia



Swift needs a way to travel among all these homes, and she's rumored to own two Dassault private jets. There's no word on how much she paid for them, but depending on the model, they can be worth up to $58 million each.

Source: Forbes, GOBankingRates



Swift can also use her jet to head out of the country for vacation. She recently spent the Fourth of July in Turks and Caicos with her boyfriend Joe Alwyn and previously took a trip to an undisclosed tropical island with former boyfriend Calvin Harris.

Source:Elle, Travel + Leisure



At the end of her 1989 World Tour, Swift took her 125-person band and crew on a vacation in Australia.

Source: Vanity Fair



But Swift has always been generous with her money, supporting causes and helping those in need. On her 24th birthday, she donated $100,000 to the Nashville Symphony.

Source: People



She's provided supported during natural disasters, donating $1 million to the victims of Louisiana floods and $500,000 to the Nashville flood relief, and raising $750,000 through a Speak Now Help Now benefit concert for victims of tornadoes in the southern US in 2011.

Source: People



Swift is also supportive of education — she pledged $4 million to the Country Music Hall of Fame to fund the Taylor Swift Education Center and donated $50,000 to NYC public schools.

Source: People



She's also donated to various GoFundMe campaigns, including $10,000 toward a service dog for an autistic boy and $50,000 to her backup dancer's nephew, who was battling cancer.

Source: People



And then there are the two famous checks she wrote for $1,989 — an ode to her best-selling album — sent to two fans to pay a student loan and to donate to a dance marathon benefit.

Source:People



She also helps out her fellow pop stars, giving Kesha $250,000 to help with legal fees during her lawsuit against a music producer.

Source: People



But her thoughtfulness doesn't end there. When she once went out to dinner with pals Ed Sheeran and Austin Mahone in Philadelphia, she reportedly left a generous $500 tip.

Source:E! News



Swift often spends money dining out with her squad and boyfriends, especially when in New York City, where she's been spotted at The Fat Radish, The Spotted Pig, Sarabeth's, and L'Asso, where onlookers say she had a glass of wine and a gluten-free pizza.

Source:People



But Swift also saves money dining in. She reportedly loves to cook and bake and has hosted several elaborate dinner parties with her squad.

Source:Glamour, InStyle



Swift also has a fur squad. She has two Scottish Fold cats, Meredith Grey and Olivia Benson. The breed costs around $1,000 to $1,500. Her cats even have their own line of merchandise at her store.

Source:Refinery 29, Cat Breeds List



When she's not chilling at home, Swift is usually rocking designer duds during appearances or some serious street style in New York City, often mixing high-end and fast fashion. She's been spotted wearing Saint Laurent sneakers, A Christian Louboutin backpack for $1,237, and an Elie Saab gown.

Source:Who What Wear



But Swift's also sported more affordable pieces, such as $60 Steve Madden sandals and Gen Z-obsession Brandy Melville. She seems to have an affinity for Madewell, whose clothes range around $72 for a pair of shorts or $62 for a denim crop top.

Source:Who What Wear, Who What Wear, People



But for all the generous giving and strategic investments Swift has made with her money, she has reportedly used it in one rumored indulgence: $40 million to insure her famous legs.

Source:New York Post



Inside Shaq's stunning California home that just hit the market

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shaq house

Shaq's beautiful California home just hit the market.



Located in the Los Angeles-adjacent gated community of Bell Canyon, the 5,217 square-foot home has a number of features fit for NBA royalty.



The foyer is large, elegant, and open. It's safe to say the 7-foot-1 center-turned-TV analyst would have no issue feeling comfortable with the home's tall ceilings.



The stunning kitchen is similarly bright and airy.



And there's a breakfast nook off to the side that overlooks the yard.



On the other side, there's a small family room with a flat-screen TV and fireplace.



And, yeah, the fridge looks like it holds enough food to feed Shaq.



The dining room has enough seating for a small team.



As does this living room, which is one of many throughout the home.



Here's another that's located just off of the foyer.



Shaq's home office is located just around the corner.



If the big man needs some inspiration, all he has to do is look up at his giant portrait.



As you head up the stairs, you'll find more Shaq iconography.



There are five bedrooms at Shaq's place.



This master bedroom has a comfortable-looking sitting area off to the side.



And the en suite bathroom is humungous.



The double vanities provide lots of extra space and a TV ensures you won't miss your favorite shows during a bathroom break.



The outside of the house is similarly impressive.



The luxurious heated pool and jacuzzi are perfect for entertaining.



And the manicured lawn completes a picture-perfect Southern Californian yard. A community center, state-of-the-art gym, and tennis courts are located a short walk away.



The home is listed for $2.5 million.

Check out the full listing here.



But it's one of multiple Shaq has to his name. Earlier this year, he put his Florida mansion on the market for a whopping $22 million.

Read more: Shaq is selling his lakeside Florida mansion for $22 million, and it comes with a 17-car garage and a 6,000-square-foot basketball court — here's a look inside



But he purchased an eight-bedroom compound in the greater Atlanta area back in 2016.



Now check out Derek Jeter's lakeside castle that's been on sale for more than a year:

Take a tour of Derek Jeter's incredible $14.75-million lakeside castle in New York that he bought for $425,000 and has been on the market for well over a year



How the battle between Popeyes and Chick-fil-A turned sandwich fans against each other in a tense civil war

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Life was simpler in the early days of the Chicken Sandwich Wars.

The choice, though divisive, was clear. You were either for Chick-fil-A or Popeyes. And though still a war in the most basic sense, most of the battles were confined to snarky tweets and comments on social media. It was a simpler time, for the most part.

The war started when Popeyes added a chicken sandwich to its menu in August. Chick-fil-A, the self-proclaimed inventor of the chicken sandwich, had built an entire empire around poultry, sandwiched and otherwise, for years.

Popeyes was the underdog in this battle. Still, the chain's move threatened Chick-fil-A's dominance on the chicken sandwich scene. Business Insider's Irene Jiang even proclaimed the Popeyes sandwich the superior option before it went viral.

But then, some Popeyes fans began to turn on each other, and tensions escalated. 

Here's how a spat between two fast-food chains devolved into a civil war among sandwich-crazed customers.

SEE ALSO: Popeyes' chicken sandwich has been linked to a deadly stabbing and reports of assault and physical violence. Here are the harrowing incidents related to the coveted menu item.

The battle begins

The tension between Popeyes and Chick-fil-A hit Twitter on August 19, when a spat between the two chains turned Popeyes' menu item into a national icon, forcing fast-food consumers to pick a side in what became the Chicken Sandwich War of 2019. 

Despite the popularity of the Popeyes sandwich, Chick-fil-A devotees still pledged their allegiance to the chain. 

But Popeyes was still gaining ground. And the divisions between the two chains were growing wider.



The tension escalates

What began as an inter-chain fast-food frenzy started to escalate as the sandwich got more popular. Sandwich-crazed fans went to extraordinary lengths to get a chance to taste the item that was poised to take down Chick-fil-A. The lines were massive, the demand almost insatiable.

In the first iteration of the sandwich, Popeyes employees across the nation were sent into overdrive, as many worked nearly 60-hour weeks to fulfill orders.

Around this time, things started to get violent. 

"I had customers nearly fight some of my coworkers because they were told that we were not serving the sandwich because we had ran out," a manager at an East Coast Popeyes told Business Insider in August.



The war turns civil

After the item sold out in August, the madness compounded. 

An angry customer pulled out a gun at a Popeyes in Houston, Texas, apparently after hearing that the sandwich was sold out in early September, local news reported.

"He could have shot someone behind a chicken sandwich," Fredrick Taylor, a resident who lives near the Houston Popeyes, told local news. "Somebody could have lost their life because they ran out of chicken sandwiches."

By the time the sandwich relaunched in November, the players in the war between Popeyes and Chick-fil-A had gone rogue. Popeyes fans turned against their neighbors, and the violence mushroomed into a full-out civil war.



And then it got deadly

Since the sandwich's relaunch, the violent incidents have continued. Many have resulted from agitated customers wanting to get their hands on the coveted menu item.

Perhaps the worst altercation linked to the sandwich happened the day after its official re-release, when an altercation between two men in line at a Popeyes in Oxon Hill, Maryland, ended in a fatal stabbing. Police confirmed that the incident was related to the release of the sandwich at the restaurant.

"For you to get that angry over anything, for that type of anger to develop into this type of violence, is a very sad and tragic day,"said Jennifer Donelan, a spokeswoman for the Prince George's County Police Department.

"There is no reason for someone to lose their life on a Monday night in a parking lot," Popeyes said in a statement. "Our thoughts are with the victim's family and friends and we are fully cooperating with local authorities."



All this for a sandwich?

At this point, Chick-fil-A is but a distant memory in the the Chicken Sandwich War of 2019, a supporting character that served its purpose in the first act of the drama.

Now, the battle pits Popeyes fans against their peers.

The sandwich hype has yet to fully die down. But amid a fatal stabbing and multiple reports of physical brawls and assault, one can only wonder if the sandwich is more than just a case of viral mania gone wrong. 



The 10 best and 10 worst one-hit wonders of the 2010s

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somebody that i used to know gotye kimbra

  • There were plenty of one-hit wonders over the course of the past 10 years. 
  • Some of those songs — including Gotye and Kimbra's "Somebody That I Used to Know" and Icona Pop's "I Love It" deserved the attention they received. 
  • But other tracks, like Omi's "Cheerleader" and Ylvis' "The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)" shouldn't have become as popular as they were. 
  • Insider rounded up the 10 best and 10 worst one-hit wonders of the decade. 
  • Visit Insider's homepage for more stories.

"I Love It" by Icona Pop featuring Charli XCX was an absolute banger.

While Charli XCX would go on to have hits like 2014's "Boom Clap" and appear on other big songs like Iggy Azalea's "Fancy," her Swedish collaborators, Icona Pop, didn't keep up the same momentum after dropping this epic electropop breakup bop in May 2012.

But the song itself rightfully deserved its four-time platinum RIAA certification and No. 7 peak on the Billboard Hot 100 because, as Amy Phillips wrote for Pitchfork, the track "isn't just a glorious dance floor f--- you to an ex-boyfriend. It's also a celebration of the liberating power of female friendship and 2012's answer to 'Since U Been Gone.'"



"Safe and Sound" by Capital Cities was a breakout hit for a reason.

While the indie pop duo haven't released another song that charted anywhere near as high as "Safe and Sound" (which peaked at No. 8 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart), it's easy to see why this 2011 synth-pop track had such an immense reach. 

Sonically, the track is "propelled by New Wave-y '80s synth sounds paired with state of the art, 21st-century EDM beats,"Adam R. Holz wrote for Plugged In, adding, "Lyrically, it's as buoyantly upbeat as the catchy beats backing the words."



"Somebody That I Used to Know" by Gotye and Kimbra might be the most quintessential one-hit wonder of the 2010s.

Belgian-Australian singer-songwriter Gotye has become synonymous with this mid-tempo art pop single. The song was beloved by critics, and even went on to win two Grammy awards for best pop duo/group performance and record of the year in 2013.

"It's built around a quartet of elements: sampled acoustic guitar, a xylophone hook, a murmured vocal and a wobbly electronic sound that freshman dudes will pluck out on acoustic guitars and dress up with a mimed lack of confidence ('You can be addicted to a certain kind of sadness') for half a decade, at least,"Jacob Ganz wrote for NPR in September 2012. 



"Feel It Still" earned Portugal. The Man a Grammy award in 2018.

The Alaskan alternative rock band found mainstream success when the lead single for their eighth studio album, "Woodstock," became the group's first entry on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, peaking at No. 4.   

The track, which won the Grammy for best pop duo/group performance, is "a shimmying throwback built from borrowed pieces of the Marvelettes' 'Please Mr. Postman,' with more than a little inspiration from Pharrell's 'Happy,'"Evan Rytlewski wrote for Pitchfork



"Fight Song" by Rachel Platten fought its way up the Billboard Hot 100 chart — and rightfully so.

Rachel Platten may not have delivered on her promise of having "a lot of fight left in me," when her album "Wildfire" was met with mixed reviews in 2016, but her debut single did"make an explosion" on the chart. It peaked at No. 6 and sold over 6 million copies in the United States.

The song's success can be attributed both to Platten's strong vocals, and her "captivating" lyrics, according to Digital Journal's Markos Papadatos

"Platten's vocals are crisp and impressive, where the listener can recall such songstresses as Taylor Swift and Tristan Prettyman. Her lyrics are powerful and they paint a vivid picture in the minds of her listeners," Papadatos wrote in 2015.



Even The Neighbourhood thinks "Sweater Weather" is possibly "the best song we'd ever written."

While frontman Jesse Rutherford said he "didn't think it was going to be the best song we'd ever write," the lead single from the alternative pop band's 2013 debut studio album, "I Love You," remains their most memorable work to date. 

"It was a bummer summer jam that balanced the attraction of beautifully doomed California stereotypes with an anti-California message that the rest of the country could get behind,"Ian Cohen wrote about the track for Pitchfork



"Gangnam Style" by PSY foreshadowed the success of K-pop in the United States.

In 2012, "Gangnam Style" went viral seemingly overnight, but its impact is more important than the fact that it surpassed Justin Bieber's "Baby" music video as the most viewed on YouTube in November 2012. (It has since been eclipsed by Luis Fonsi and Daddy Yankee's "Despacito" and six other videos.) 

The song gave the Western world a glimpse into K-pop as a genre— one that has found massive success in the United States over the past few years, thanks to groups like BTS and EXO. 



"Barbra Streisand" by Duck Sauce is a fun dance track that even earned a Grammy nomination.

As far as one-off dance tracks go, "Barbra Streisand" is a solid one. Not only did critics love it, but it even received a Grammy nomination for best dance recording in 2011.

"'Barbra Streisand' actually kinda suits the track, a sassy no-messin' disco-house dazzler which tips its trilby in the direction of Studio 54 circa 1979,"Nick Levine wrote of the song for Digital Spy, adding, "Lack of lyrics notwithstanding, it's deliriously catchy [and] endlessly danceable."



"Let Her Go" by Passenger feels warm and intimate from start to finish.

While toying with the idea that you "only know you love her when you let her go" isn't groundbreaking in any way, "Let Her Go" at least grapples with the concept beautifully, thanks to an emotional vocal performance and a soft arrangement.  

"The track itself is a slice of gentle folk-pop whose joy lies in its simplicity,"Robert Copsey wrote for Digital Spy. Meanwhile, Live About's Bill Lamb said it "sounds like classic 1970s singer-songwriter pop, perhaps most notably the work of Cat Stevens."

Lamb added, "For younger pop fans it will feel like an intimate surprise sandwiched between heavily produced uptempo dance-pop on the radio. The warm sound will charm most listeners."

 



There remains something infectious about "Like a G6" by Far East Movement featuring The Cataracs and DEV.

While there's nothing inventive about "Like a G6," this 2010 electropop hit "inadvertently defined a mood and era," according to Vice's Phil Witmer

Whitmer also noted that, "listening to it now is to know what partying truly is." Even though we've left behind the endless party that was 2010, no one in 2019 will get mad at you for adding "Like a G6" to a workout or house-party playlist



Rebecca Black's "Friday" received almost universally negative reviews from critics.

In hindsight, it was incredibly cruel how society collectively came together to hate on 13-year-old Black for this autotuned ode to weekend's eve — but that doesn't mean it doesn't deserve a spot on this list as one of the worst one-hit wonders of the 2010s. 

From ridiculous lyrics like "Tomorrow is Saturday/And Sunday comes afterwards" to the overuse of autotune that warps Black's voice into something distinctively not-human, this song is so shockingly awful that it's almost hilarious how bad it managed to be — it's even become a bit of a cult classic in its own right, essentially making it "The Room" of music. 



"The Fox (What Does the Fox Say?)" started off as a joke, but it's not funny how much we all had to listen to it.

Ylvis released the song with the intention for it to be bad, and weren't at all expecting it to go anywhere. But sure enough, it went viral overnight — forcing all of us to watch them sing random animal noises to a thumping beat on late night talk shows. 

In an interview with the New York Times, the brothers behind the track, Vegard and Bard Ylvisaker, explained that they didn't even bother practicing the song before performing it on "The Tonight Show Starring Jimmy Fallon" in 2013. 

"We never rehearsed it, because it was never supposed to be a live thing," Bard said, with Vegard adding, "It's not like a story; it's just a bunch of animal sounds." At least they knew it was silly. 



"Rude" by Magic! should be considered a low point not only for 2014, but in the history of music.

This reggae-infused pop song is so terrible that the New York Post ran an article on July 22, 2014, with the headline, "Is 'Rude' by Magic! the worst No. 1 song ever?" 

"'Rude' is just awful, a flaccid, boring slice of lightweight reggae that sounds like it was written to be heard in a dentist's waiting room," Hardeep Phull wrote for the Post.

Phull added: "The similarly banal lyrics concern a guy who seeks his girlfriend's dad's permission to marry her, only to be turned down. Pops did the right thing, because no self-respecting parent would want their child associating with the singer of a tepid reggae-fusion band. What would the neighbors say?"



"Too Close" by Alex Clare is too dubstep-heavy to withstand the test of time.

Pop music warmly embraced dubstep at the start of the decade, which is probably why this electronic rock song had appeal then. But by 2016, the music industry — especially in the United States — had largely moved on from the subgenre.

Listening to "Too Close" now only reinforces how far removed we are from enjoying this style of music — and reminds us why Clare didn't find much success beyond this track. 



Baauer's "Harlem Shake" sounds like what a headache feels like.

Any song that inspires a widespread meme will eventually become grating, but "Harlem Shake" may have been annoying even before everyone on the internet started dancing to it for likes on YouTube.

This repetitive club track is only listenable for the first 30 seconds, at which point you begin to realize there's no substance beyond the mechanical bass line and synth riffs. As Jon Caramanica wrote for the New York Times, the song "felt more like a novelty than like part of a strategy."



"Best Day of My Life" by American Authors is a cheap Imagine Dragons imitation.

While "Best Day of My Life" maintains a breezy, upbeat tempo throughout that is just cheerful enough to convince you this isn't a bad song, when you put this 2013 track up against Imagine Dragons' hit from the year before, "It's Time," you realize just how unimaginative this ripoff really is. 



"Tongue Tied" by Grouplove relies too heavily on synthesizers.

"'Tongue Tied' shows no restraint whatsoever,"Robert Cooke wrote for Drowned in Sound. "Its bloated synth sounds like the soundtrack to an advert for some E number-riddled sweets written by Katy Perry, while the almost-rapping in the middle-eight sounds like a Pussycat Dolls pastiche."



"Cheerleader" by Omi lacks originality and depth.

Omi's reggae track went viral after Felix Jaehn put an EDM twist on it, and upon first listen, it's a pretty upbeat bop — but it quickly becomes apparent that it doesn't have much substance to it. 

The track is centered around superficial lyrics that tell a story about a man who has been tempted to cheat on other women, but didn't because his girlfriend is his own personal cheerleader. While Slate's Chris Molanphy didn't mind the song overall, even he admitted the songwriting is "laughably retrograde... (I'd be a total player and step out on you, if you weren't so servile and totally hot!)"



Cali Swag District's "Teach Me How to Dougie" would be fun if it didn't refer to women exclusively as "bitches."

There's only so many times you can listen to the casually sexist line"All my bitches love me," before the infectious beat stops being enough to prevent a listener from rolling their eyes and skipping the song. 

But beyond the lyrics, the song is, as the New York Times' Jon Carmonica wrote,"carpetbagging incarnate" thanks to the "Inglewood, California, rappers appropriating a Dallas dance move borrowed in part from a Harlem rapper-beatboxer."



"Billionaire" by Travie McCoy featuring Bruno Mars is disappointing in that it's about men who have tons of money... fantasizing about having even more money.

First of all, centering a song around wishing you were richer isn't novel in any way, but in 2019 when many people have become disillusioned with the idea of having a billion dollars, this song just feels completely out of touch — although, that's not entirely its fault considering it came out almost 10 years ago. 

But also, it's just not that good of a song! As Mike Diver wrote for the BBC in 2010, the production is "horribly dated" (now even more so) and the lyrics are "both borish and boring." Even Bruno Mars, who made some of the biggest hits this decade, couldn't save this track. 



These are the top 10 stocks that hedge funds are betting the most against

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Specialist Dilip Patel, left, and trader Ashley Lara work on the floor of the New York Stock Exchange, Friday, Nov. 15, 2019. Stocks are opening broadly higher on Wall Street as hopes continued to grow that the U.S. and China were moving closer to a deal on trade. (AP Photo/Richard Drew)

  • In its November Hedge Fund Trend Monitor report, Goldman Sachs released a list of the top stocks shorted by hedge funds. 
  • Goldman uses the total dollar value of short interest outstanding to estimate hedge fund short portfolio holdings, according to the report. 
  • "Short positions continue to contribute alpha, lifting the average equity hedge fund to a 10% YTD return," Goldman analysts wrote in the report.
  • Here are the top 10 stocks that firms are betting against. 
  • Read more on Business Insider. 

In the first weeks of November, hedge funds revealed the stocks they're betting on, and data also showed the ones they're betting against. 

Goldman Sachs analyzed 833 hedge funds with $2.1 trillion in gross equity positions — including $700 billion short positions — for its Hedge Fund Trend Monitor report released November 18. 

From the analysis, Goldman compiled its "Very Important Short Position List" as a short hedge against the most-loved stocks firms own.

The list contains 50 S&P 500 companies with the highest dollar value of short interest outstanding, excluding companies on the long list and stocks with more than 10% of float-adjusted shares held short. The total dollar value of short interest outstanding is used as an estimate of hedge fund short portfolio holdings, according to the report. 

"Short positions continue to contribute alpha, lifting the average equity hedge fund to a 10% YTD return," Goldman analysts wrote in the report. That still lagged the S&P 500 index return of 27% for the same period.

After a few "sluggish" months, hedge fund performance is sharply rebounding in the fourth quarter, according to Goldman. The "Very Important Short" basket has lagged the S&P 500 by 6 percentage points this year, and stocks with the highest short interest as a share of market cap have returned a median of -5% year-to-date, according to the report. 

Here are the top 10 stocks that represent the largest short positions, ranked in order of increasing value of short interest. 

10. Chevron

Ticker:CVX

Short interest as % of float cap: 1%

Year-to-date return: 15%

Number of hedge funds with stock as a top 10 holding: 2

Value of short interest: $2.4 billion 

 

Source: Goldman Sachs 



9. UnitedHealth Group

Ticker:UNH

Short interest as % of float cap: 1%

Year-to-date return: 10%

Number of hedge funds with stock as a top 10 holding: 11

Value of short interest: $2.6 billion 

 

Source: Goldman Sachs 



8. BB&T Corp.

Ticker:BBT

Short interest as % of float cap: 6%

Year-to-date return: 30%

Number of hedge funds with stock as a top 10 holding: 1

Value of short interest: $2.6 billion

 

Source: Goldman Sachs 



7. Home Depot

Ticker:HD

Short interest as % of float cap: 1%

Year-to-date return: 41%

Number of hedge funds with stock as a top 10 holding: 10

Value of short interest: $2.6 billion 

 

Source: Goldman Sachs 

 



6. Procter & Gamble

Ticker:PG

Short interest as % of float cap: 1%

Year-to-date return: 35%

Number of hedge funds with stock as a top 10 holding: 3

Value of short interest: $2.8 billion 

 

Source: Goldman Sachs 



5. Exxon Mobil

Ticker:XOM

Short interest as % of float cap: 1%

Year-to-date return: 6%

Number of hedge funds with stock as a top 10 holding: 1

Value of short interest: $2.9 billion 

 

Source: Goldman Sachs 



4. Intel Corp.

Ticker:INTC

Short interest as % of float cap: 1%

Year-to-date return: 27%

Number of hedge funds with stock as a top 10 holding: 3

Value of short interest: $3.2 billion 

 

Source: Goldman Sachs 



3. AT&T Inc.

Ticker:T

Short interest as % of float cap: 1%

Year-to-date return: 47% 

Number of hedge funds with stock as a top 10 holding: 3

Value of short interest: $4 billion 

 

Source: Goldman Sachs 



2. AbbVie Inc.

Ticker:ABBV

Short interest as % of float cap: 4%

Year-to-date return: 2%

Number of hedge funds with stock as a top 10 holding: 8

Value of short interest: $5.2 billion 

 

Source: Goldman Sachs 



1. Bristol-Myers Squibb

Ticker: BMY

Short interest as % of float cap: 9%

Year-to-date return: 17%

Number of hedge funds with stock as a top 10 holding: 11

Value of short interest: $8.5 billion 

 

Source: Goldman Sachs 



The life and rise of Emma Chamberlain, the 18-year-old YouTuber who has become one of Gen Z's most beloved celebrities

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SEE ALSO: I brought Snapchat's new $380 smart glasses on a trip to London, and their biggest selling point was a major letdown

Chamberlain was born on May 22, 2001. She grew up in San Bruno, California, a suburb just south of San Francisco where — coincidentally — YouTube's headquarters are located.

Source: The New York Times



Her parents divorced when Chamberlain, an only child, was 5 years old. She found YouTube at an early age "to connect with other people and see what they were up to," she told The New York Times.

Source: The New York Times, Forbes



Growing up, Chamberlain's family struggled financially. "There were times when we couldn't even go to the movies, when I was a kid, because there wasn't enough money," Chamberlain told Forbes in 2018.

Source: Forbes



But even as a kid, Chamberlain loved making videos for her friends. "I always had an outgoing personality. That was the one thing that I was known for," Chamberlain said. "When I was younger I had a gut feeling that I was going to use my personality in some way, but I didn't know how."

Source: Forbes



Chamberlain taught herself how to edit videos, and started posting to her self-titled YouTube channel in 2017, the summer before her junior year of high school. She filled her channel with vlogs and DIY content, much of which her dad, an artist and photographer, would help her film.

Source: Forbes, Business Insider



Her first video to go viral came in July 2017 when she did a "haul"— a popular YouTube trend where you show off items from a shopping spree — from the dollar store. "That was apparently a YouTube trend at the time, and it ended up working in my favor," Chamberlain told W Magazine.

Source: Forbes, W Magazine



After that first viral video, success seemingly happened "overnight," Chamberlain told Forbes. She got an agent, and dropped out of high school right before her junior year to do YouTube full-time.

Source: Forbes, Business Insider



By the next year, Chamberlain and her parents decided that it would be best for her career to move from the San Francisco area to Los Angeles. She moved into her own apartment there in June 2018.

Source: The New York Times



Shortly after moving, Chamberlain teamed up with a group of three other young YouTubers: James Charles, and Ethan and Grayson Dolan. Dubbed the "Sister Squad," the crew often collaborated on videos across their YouTube channels through 2018. However, it seems the group's friendship frayed in early 2019, and they've since stopped recording content together.

Source: Elite Daily



Chamberlain's rapid rise to success has not come without criticism and hate. In mid-2018, Chamberlain almost quit because of the drama and rumors spread about her online. "It's really uninspiring when you post a video and everyone says, 'Go kill yourself,'" she told Forbes.

Source: Forbes



But in times of stress and difficulty, Chamberlain has credited her friends and family for helping her get through to the other side. "Spending time with them is super important to me because, at the end of the day, you need a support system," Chamberlain said.

Source: Forbes



As a YouTuber, Chamberlain has also learned that there are certain things she has to keep private. "I don't know if I would ever have a public relationship, ever," she said in a 2019 interview. "And this is not coming from experience in any way ... Breakups alone are absolutely the most f---ing awful thing that exist. Why would you want other people to be heartbroken with you?"

Source: W Magazine



Chamberlain has been grouped in with the onslaught of VSCO girls, the uber-trendy teens sporting scrunchies, Hydro Flask water bottles, and reusable metal straws. Chamberlain — who often does clothing hauls from places like Brandy Melville and Urban Outfitters — fits the bill.

Source: BuzzFeed News



Chamberlain has been credited with popularizing an entire counterculture subgenre of YouTube, where creators are seen as authentic and relatable to their teen fans. Her vlogs are funny, coffee-addled, and showcase her outgoing personality.

Source: The Atlantic



Chamberlain's editing style is just as distinct, full of meme-y quick cuts, zooming, and text commentary. She told W Magazine it takes her 20 to 30 hours to edit a YouTube video.

Source: The Atlantic, W Magazine



Chamberlain has skyrocketed to such an iconic status, it earned her high-profile invites Paris Fashion Week twice this year, including a video partnership with supermodel Karlie Kloss.

Source: Vogue



The 18-year-old Chamberlain is now worth an estimated $3 million. She has more than 8 million followers on both YouTube and Instagram. She launched a podcast this year called "Stupid Genius," and sells a line of popular merchandise for fans.

Source: Celebrity Net Worth



Chamberlain was named to Time Magazine's list of "100 Most Influential People in the World" in November 2019. "Showing off acne and highlighting mundane moments like badly needing an iced coffee are hallmarks of vlogs by Chamberlain, whose editing style spawned a subgenre of young creators following her lead," Time wrote.

Source: Time



People have been ridiculing Tesla's new Cybertruck for its unusual design — but some big names in Silicon Valley say they love the pickup (TSLA)

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  • Tesla's new Cybertruck drew criticism following its unveiling last Thursday, but several prominent figures in the technology industry have come forward in praise of the company's first pickup truck.
  • Executives from Twitter and Facebook, as well as a longtime former Microsoft executive, all had positive things to say about the Cybertruck.
  • Musk also said on Sunday that Tesla has received 200,000 pre-orders for the Cybertruck so far, which cost $100 to reserve.
  • Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.

Tesla CEO Elon Musk's Cybertruck unveil drew a strong reaction last Thursday for several reasons. There's the wild theatrics Musk employed to introduce the vehicle — which included a "cybergirl" and flames — as well as a demo that took an unexpected turn when the truck's windows cracked.

But it's the Cybertruck's unconventional appearance that earned it the most attention in the days following Musk's announcement. Some spectators roasted the Cybertruck's design on Twitter, comparing the truck's sharp angles and offbeat look to poorly rendered video game graphics and cartoons.

Although the Cybertruck has been at the center of many jokes in recent days, not everyone had negative things to say about it. Several prominent figures in the technology industry, including executives from Twitter and Facebook,  have come forward with compliments about Tesla's first pickup truck.

SEE ALSO: Teens love Apple's AirPods, and they're putting them on their holiday wish lists more than ever before

Twitter CEO Jack Dorsey tweeted that he thought the Cybertruck was "incredible" on November 23 in response to a tweet from the company's vice president of design and research.

 



Steven Sinofsky, a former Microsoft executive that previously served as president of the company's Windows division, said on Twitter that he felt for Musk after the demo went awry, adding that he thought the Cybertruck was "amazing."

 



Facebook executive David Marcus, who oversees the company's cryptocurrency efforts through a subsidiary called Calibra, tweeted that he loved "the audacity and courage" it took to create a vehicle that looks like the Cybertruck.

 



Tech entrepreneur and angel investor Jason Calacanis also praised the launch...

 



...as did Basecamp CEO and co-founder Jason Fried.

 



Outside of the technology landscape, Blade Runner artistic director Syd Mead thinks highly of Tesla's Cybertruck, telling Business Insider's Aaron Holmes in an emailed statement that it "has completely changed the vocabulary of the personal truck market design."

The Cybertruck starts at $39,900 and features an exterior made of stainless steel and armored glass, six passenger seats, and an adjustable air suspension. Tesla is offering three configuration options: a single-motor rear-wheel drive version, a dual-motor all-wheel drive edition, and a tri-motor all-wheel-drive variant. Production of the vehicle is scheduled to begin in 2021. 

Despite the truck's mixed reception, Tesla is already racking up preorders for the Cybertruck. Musk revealed in a tweet on Sunday that 200,000 pre-orders had been placed for the Cybertruck so far.




Inside Shaolin Monastery, the home of kung fu and Zen Buddhism, where thousands of boys as young as 5 train to be martial arts masters

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Boys from Shaolin Kung Fu Training Base practice Kung Fu movements at the Shaolin Temple on the Songshan Mountain on October 30, 2009 in Dengfeng of Henan Province, China.

  • The Shaolin Temple in central China was built in the Fifth Century, and is the original home of Kung Fu and Zen Buddhism.
  • It's nearly been destroyed many times by Chinese warlords, and more recently Chairman Mao's Cultural Revolution.
  • It's a mecca for young boys (and some girls) who dream of escaping poverty, becoming warrior monks, or film stars.
  • Since the boom of Hollywood martial arts films and an ambitious abbot started monetizing the temple and its cultural capital, Shaolin has experienced a renaissance.
  • But now it's greatest threat might be its own commercialization.
  • Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.

Kung Fu's first home is hard to kill.

Since it was built in 495 AD, Shaolin Temple, the original home of kung fu and Zen Buddhism, has been attacked and nearly destroyed multiple times. It's survived, with a motto: "In defense like a virgin; in attack like a tiger."

Its recent boom is partly due to kung fu film stars like Jet Li who made it popular, and an influx of martial art film classics like "The Matrix,""House of Flying Daggers," and "Kill Bill."

The other reason is an ambitious abbot named Shi Yongxin, dubbed "China's CEO monk," who's turning the temple into a global brand.

Today, it's a training ground for thousands of young boys as young as five, who dream of becoming warrior monks, or martial arts film stars.

Here's what the home of kung fu is like.

SEE ALSO: Jailing Muslims, burning Bibles, and forcing monks to wave the national flag: How Xi Jinping is attacking religion in China

DON'T MISS: A day in the life of a 9-year-old student in China’s biggest Kung Fu school

Welcome to the Shaolin Temple, the original home to Kung Fu, an ancient Buddhist complex that's survived attacks from warlords and the government.



It's nestled in forests at the base of a misty, holy mountain in the province of Henan, one of China's poorest areas.

Source: The Guardian



Within these walls, first erected in 495 AD to teach Buddhism, thousands of eager students have come to learn kung fu, hoping to become warrior monks. Because of all the attacks over the years, most of the temple buildings standing today were built in the last 100 years.

Sources: China Daily, South China Morning Post Magazine



From as young as five, students join the temple, and follow a regimented life of rigorous strength and flexibility training. But it's more than just a physical education.

Source: The Guardian



For 1,500 years, monks have sought enlightenment, through meditation, or by studying ancient Buddhist scriptures. As Shaolin Temple's foreign liaison officer told The Guardian, Shaolin represents "justice, uprightness, sympathy, and love."

Source: The Guardian



Kung fu can be traced back to 527 AD, when the temple was taken over by Bodhidharma, an Indian Buddhist. The story goes that he sat in a cave nearby, meditating for nine years. It was such intense meditation that an imprint of his shadow was left on the wall after he'd finished. The image here is that shadow cut out and preserved.

Source: The New York Times



It was while Bodhidharma was stretching out during the nine years of meditation that he began to do the movements that would become kung fu. According to local guidebooks, his disciples also copied animal movements to relax between meditations, which would become kung fu techniques.

Sources: The New York Times, The Guardian



What happened after that isn't so clear. At some point, the movements were refined into combat techniques that monks could use to either rob the rich to give to the poor, or to defend their own wealth from bandits.

Source: The New York Times



The "golden age" of the Shaolin Temple was from 618 to 1644 AD, spanning the Tang and Ming Dynasties. In 621, the temple gained some favor, the story goes, when a band of 13 Shaolin monks kept a Chinese prince in power by fighting off an enemy warlord for him.

Source: The New York Times



In 1553, Shaolin monks left the temple again. This time 30 monks headed to the Chinese coast to fight off Japanese pirates.

Sources: The Guardian, Telegraph, Vice



When the temples were attacked in the 17th Century, legend has it that five fugitive warrior monks made it out and spread kung fu across China, eventually resulting in the creation of karate, as well. Scholars dismiss much of this as exaggerated tales.

Sources: The Guardian, Telegraph, Vice, National Geographic



In 1928, General Shi Yousan, a warlord, tried to burn the temple down, because his enemy had used it as a base of command. After covering the buildings in kerosene, he shot most of the buildings to scorched rubble. Importantly, he destroyed the temple's library, which was filled with Shaolin theory and history, and was the "soul" of the temple according to National Geographic. It meant teachings and the temple's legacy had to be passed down from master to student.

Sources: South China Morning Post Magazine, National Geographic



In the 1960s, during China's Cultural Revolution, Chairman Mao's Red Guards also attacked the temple, destroying buildings and religious items. Monks were told they could no longer live there. And the guards forced them to eat meat and drink alcohol, which resulted in the saying: "Alcohol and meat only pass through your digestive system, but Buddha is within."

Sources: The Guardian, South China Morning Post Magazine, Independent



In 1979, when the temple officially reopened, only 11 old monks were left. They started teaching again. But the temple couldn't quickly shake off the stigma that had settled on it after the Cultural Revolution.

Sources: The Guardian



In 1982, kung fu master Jet Li helped bring on the temple's renaissance, when he starred in the local martial arts film "Shaolin Temple." It was based on the legend behind the temple. He was paid $750 for two years' work. While filming at the temple, the crew was shocked to the find so few monks.

Sources: South China Morning Post, South China Morning Post



Li broke into Hollywood in 1991, in the film "Once Upon a Time in China." From there his reputation grew. He was soon known as "The king of kung fu," and with him, the temple's reputation grew, too.

Sources: The Guardian, Business Insider, The New York Times



Along with Hollywood popularizing the temple, one other factor propelled the temple's resurgence — Shi Yongxin, who became the temple's abbot in 1999. Shi would bring about massive changes to the way the temple was run, and not all of them have been praised.

Sources: CNN, The Guardian



As a young monk he'd already shown his ambitions for the temple when he organized a celebration for the temple's 1,500-year anniversary to bolster attention. He also successfully sued a sausage company that used the temple's name for advertising. He was outraged the symbol was being used to sell meat. These two victories, honing attention to the temple and defending the brand, would become a key part of Shi's strategy.

Source: Caixin Global



He's repeatedly said Zen Buddhism is the temple's priority above martial arts. In 2005, he explained his monk's lifestyle to The New York Times, and in doing so, didn't even mention kung fu, instead focusing on meals and lessons.

Sources: The New York Times, The Guardian



Kung fu is meant to be the physical way to express Zen.

Sources: The New York Times, Post Magazine



Despite Shi's adamance, kung fu is the temple's real drawcard. As Jonathan Watts wrote for The Guardian, "Kung fu devotees are drawn to Shaolin in the same way that budding actors are drawn to Hollywood."

Source: The Guardian



It's especially the case for children from poor backgrounds. The opportunity to train as a martial artist could lead to a job as a guard, a position on a national kung fu team, or international fame. It's a way to for them to kick and punch their way out of a normal life.

Source: The New York Times



But becoming a warrior monk is no minor feat. Their day-to-day life shows the dedication that's needed. It's intense and rigorous, but it's also predictable and cyclical.

Sources: The Guardian, The Guardian, Medium



In the Shaolin Temple, a typical day begins at 5.30 a.m. when a young monk walks through the temple beating a wooden board to wake his peers. The monks sleep six to a room.

Sources: The Guardian, The Guardian, Medium



Before dawn, monks say their morning prayers and chants.



After that it's breakfast at 6 a.m. Shaolin Monks don't eat meat, so it's vegetables and porridge for everyone, except the warrior monks who also eat two eggs.

Sources: The Guardian, Huff Post



In the morning, monks spend two hours in kung fu training. Every 10 minutes the monks switch the style they're practicing. The monks train with 36 different types of weapons and each choose two animal styles — either tiger, leopard, snake, dragon, or crane — to focus their trainings on. They have another two-hour session in the afternoon.

Sources: Huff Post, Independent



Monks practice thousands of different martial art movements, with names like "sweeping an army of thousands," or "flowers hidden among the leaves."

Source: The New York Times



Practice continues in the snow.



In recent years, the movements that are taught in the temple are more like acrobatics than proper combat.

Source: The New York Times



Although some monks continue with traditional methods, like hanging by their necks from trees, or licking hot shovels.

Source: The New York Times



There's also a kung fu practice where monks lift 50-pound weights with their testicles, which is called "iron crotch kung fu."



The temple's 400 students also learn math and how to read. Here, a student studies. On the wall to the left is a painting by Da Mo, the father of zen Buddhism and kung fu.

Sources: The New York Times



The temple's philosophy for punishment is physical rather than verbal. According to Bo, a former student who spoke to Huff Post, "harsh words can scar a person for life. Physical punishment is usually forgotten within a few days."

Sources: The New York Times, Huff Post



There are also about 20 girls in the temple. Shi told Huff Post that there has been an unbroken line of female nuns since the beginning of the temple. "The nunnery is not a large part of the Shaolin Temple, but I want to empathize that it has always been there," he said.

Source: The New York Times, Huff Post



It also has its own hospital that students visit regularly. Shi told Huff Post that disease was a part of life, but they did classify diseases in its clinic, and tried to find remedies for different ailments. For six years the temple tried to get the Chinese trademark office to register "Shaolin medicine" so that others couldn't profit off their name.

Sources: Huff Post, Huff Post, The Guardian,



When former monk Bo was asked why students weren't tired from the training, he said it was because their heads weren't filled with meaningless thoughts.

Source: Huff Post



But these meaningless thoughts could be seeping in. Monks now use mobile phones between training and mediation. According to Bo, the electrical signals from television, radio, and wi-fi, have weakened kung fu masters. "As a result masters are 15% less powerful than in ancient times," he said.

Sources: The Guardian, Huff Post



Shi, who is now called "China's CEO Monk," is largely responsible for changes in the temple. He wants to bring Shaolin to the world, but his attempts to blend commercialization and Buddhism have been controversial.

Sources: The New York Times, CNN



Tourism is one of his focuses. Now, millions of tourists visit the temple every year, paying about $14 to enter. But he's not sheepish about it. He told The Guardian, "Our life before was very tough. And different monks have always done different things. Some focus on meditation, some on acquiring knowledge, others on gaining followers. But it doesn't mean everyone has to take the same path. There are those who want to be managers. And that is OK, too."

Source: The Guardian



Throughout the day, tourists can watch hourly kung fu shows. The Guardian reported that some tourists found the experience to be too commercial, while others grew bored with the shows, becoming interested only when a wooden stave was broken across the back of one of the warrior monks.

Source: The Guardian



Souvenirs are also sold to eager tourists. And if they can't get what they want on the day, they can visit a website, which is similar to Ebay, that the temple launched in 2008.

Sources: The New York Times, Telegraph, National Geographic



Shi has become something of a cultural ambassador for China. Here, he takes Russian leader Vladimir Putin around the temple. Putin made time to visit in 2006 during a two-day visit to China. It was a busy year for Shi. He also helped a media company produce "Kung Fu Star," martial arts' answer to American Idol.

Source: Caixin Global



According to The Guardian's Tania Branigan, walking beside Shi in Shaolin Temple, when there are tourists around, is like walking with Donald Trump (before he was president) through New York's Time Square.

Source: The Guardian



Like Shi's lawsuit with the sausage company, he's carried on upholding the name. In 2007, the temple threatened to sue an anonymous person who claimed on the internet that a Japanese ninja had beaten a Shaolin monk in a fight. In 2017, the Shaolin Temple trademark was registered 713 times in 100 countries and regions.

Sources: The Guardian, The Telegraph, Caixin Global



In 2010, Shaolin Monastery and its Pagoda Forest were made as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2010 for its beauty and cultural value. This made it an even more desirable destination.

Source: China Daily



Shi's efforts to make the brand global has worked. Around the original temple are over 50 kung fu schools, where 60,000 students learn kung fu, making the area "the biggest kung fu tribe" in the world. There are also 40 overseas franchises, and more than 1 million practitioners worldwide.

Sources: The Guardian, Independent, Caixin Global



But Shi's successes have led to him personally being criticized, especially about his love of the finer things in life, like European cars, Apple products, and robes that were specially made for him with gold lining, worth an estimated 50,000 yuan.

Sources: The New York Times, People's Daily Online



It's led to what some say is an identity crisis for the temple. The New York Times' Howard French wrote, "Is Shaolin kung fu popular entertainment or solemn exercise? Is it a money maker or tool of spiritual mastery? Is this idyllic site in the Song Mountains of Henan Province a contemplative retreat or a theme park? The short answer to all these questions is, of course, yes."

Sources: The New York Times,



And it made Shi a few enemies. In 2015, according to The Times, the temple grounds were filled with the sound of "snickering" tourists, rather than chanting or sticks breaking. They were laughing over allegations made by a person claiming to be a former monk, who said Shi embezzled millions of dollars and fathered two children, despite his vow of celibacy. After a 15 month investigation, the accusations were cleared.

Sources: The New York Times, Caixin Global



Li Xiangping, who directs the Religion and Society Research Institute at East China Normal University, told The Times that people had misunderstood Shi's role. "They think monks should just study scripture really hard and sit meditating morning and night. But if you really want to promote Buddhism and influence society, you have to interact with the society," he said.

Source: The New York Times



Shi's next major project is a $380 million Shaolin complex, with a hotel, kung fu academy, temple, and golf course in New South Wales, Australia. In 2015, he defended his plans to the Chinese media: "If China can import Disney resorts, why can't other countries import the Shaolin Monastery?"

Sources: The New York Times, News.com.au



In 2018, to further relations with the Chinese government, the temple raised the Chinese flag for the first time in its 1,500-year history. The temple is one of China's most well-known symbols of Buddhism, and the government has been attempting to boost patriotism in religious organizations. But some have questioned the need for politics in the religious space.

Sources: South China Morning Post, The New York Times



But Shi's being practical. He doesn't want the temple to be razed again. He wants Shaolin to flourish. He told Caixin Global that China's fate and the Shaolin Temple's were connected. "Only when the country is doing well will the temple flourish," he said. And as China continues to rise as a global super power, he might be right.

Source: Caixin Global



Everything you need to know about Trump's impeachment process: What's happened, who the players are, and what comes next

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U.S. President Donald Trump holds a campaign rally in Monroe, Louisiana, U.S., November 6, 2019. REUTERS/Leah Millis - RC226D94OX2J

  • Donald Trump's presidency has been upended by an explosive whistleblower complaint that has snowballed into a fast-moving impeachment inquiry.
  • The scandal has ensnared dozens of people on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean and poses the most immediate threat to Trump's presidency yet.
  • What is impeachment? How did we get here? And what could happen next?
  • We hope this guide will help answer these questions. There's even a table of contents below so you can jump to a specific section.
  • Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.

Donald Trump's presidency has been upended by an explosive whistleblower complaint that has snowballed into a fast-moving impeachment inquiry, ensnaring dozens of people on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean and posing the most immediate threat to Trump's presidency yet.

What is impeachment? Impeachment doesn't mean automatic removal from office. The impeachment process can be thought of as somewhat analogous to a criminal proceeding, even though impeachable offenses don't have to be criminal offenses. The House, like a grand jury, collects evidence, hears testimony, and drafts articles of impeachment — or charges — against the president.

If a majority of the House votes to charge the president, the Senate holds a trial where both sides present their cases and senators act as jurors. If two-thirds of senators vote to convict the president on the charges brought by the House, the president is removed from office.

How did we get here? And what could happen next? We hope this guide will help answer these questions. We highly recommend you read the entirety of this story so you can be as informed as possible, but you can also jump to a specific section from the table of contents below.

Table of contents

The players

The stakes

The possible outcomes

Timeline of Events (What's Happened So Far)

SEE ALSO: A whistleblower, a cover-up, and a quid pro quo: Here's everything we've learned from the impeachment inquiry

SEE ALSO: Who's scheduled to publicly testify next in Trump's impeachment hearings

First, here's a 60-second explanation of what's going on:

In early September, an anonymous whistleblower complaint lodged by a member of the intelligence community said that in a series of events culminating in a July 25 call with Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelensky, Trump used "the power of his office to solicit interference from a foreign country in the 2020 U.S. election."

The complaint detailed concerns that Trump, days after withholding a nearly $400 million military-aid package, used the call with Zelensky to pressure the Ukrainian government to investigate former Vice President Joe Biden and his son Hunter.

Hunter Biden served on the board of Burisma Holdings, a Ukrainian oil-and-gas company, from 2014 to 2019. Trump and his allies have, without evidence, accused Biden of using his power as vice president to urge Ukraine to fire a prosecutor who was investigating Burisma in order to protect Hunter.

The whistleblower's complaint has been corroborated by the White House's summary notes of the July 25 call, White House officials themselves, and the sworn testimony of several career diplomatic and national-security officials.

Multiple diplomats have now testified under oath that the Trump administration explicitly conditioned lifting the hold of the military aid to Ukraine on Zelensky publicly announcing investigations into Burisma and a discredited conspiracy theory that Ukraine meddled in the 2016 election to benefit Hillary Clinton.



The players

Here are the key players, broken down by group. Click on their names to learn more about their role in the Trump-Ukraine scandal and impeachment inquiry:

  • White House officials:
    • President Donald Trump, who asked Zelensky to do him "a favor" related to an investigation into Burisma and the 2016 election.
    • Vice President Mike Pence, whom Trump used as a conduit to further get the message across to Ukraine that it needed to investigate corruption to get US support.
    • Jennifer Williams, a State Department official detailed to the Vice President's office who listened in on the July 25 call and testified before Congress. 
    • Mick Mulvaney, the acting chief of staff, who in a press briefing undermined Trump's impeachment defense by confirming that the administration withheld the aid in exchange for an investigation into the Democratic National Committee server.
    • Pat Cipollone, the White House counsel and the White House's first line of legal defense against the impeachment inquiry.
    • Army Lt. Col. Alexander Vindman, an expert on Eastern European affairs on the National Security Council who listened to the July 25 call and raised concerns about it to his superiors.
  • Current and former Trump administration officials:
    • Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, who was also on the July 25 call with Ukraine. Pompeo is also accused of misrepresenting his involvement in the matter and obstructing congressional investigations into it.
    • John Bolton, the former national security adviser, who is said to have pushed back on the idea of conditioning assistance to Ukraine for investigations. He could soon testify before Congress.
    • Former NSC senior director for Eurasian and Russian affairs Fiona Hill,who gave powerful testimony to Congress about the efforts to pressure Ukraine into announcing investigations into the Bidens. 
    • Attorney General William Barr, whom Trump entangled in the impeachment inquiry by asking Ukraine to work with Barr on corruption investigations and requesting that Barr hold a press conference clearing Trump of wrongdoing.
    • Secretary of Energy Rick Perry, whom Trump tried to blame for the Ukraine call after the fact. Perry is set to leave the administration at the end of this year.
    • Pentagon official Laura Cooper, who testified on November 20 that the DOD was aware of the freeze placed on the aid to Ukraine by late July, almost a month earlier than had been previously reported.
  • Intelligence community officials:
    • Acting Director of National Intelligence Joseph Maguire, who transmitted the whistleblower complaint to Congress and was the first witness to testify publicly about its contents.
    • Michael Atkinson, the intelligence community inspector general, whom the whistleblower initially filed their complaint to.
    • The anonymous whistleblower.
  • Current and former diplomats:
    • Kurt Volker, the former US special representative for Ukraine, who gave critical testimony to Congress about the extent of Trump's personal lawyer Rudy Giuliani's involvement in the Trump-Ukraine saga.
    • Gordon Sondland, the US ambassador to the European Union, a Trump appointee who testified that the pressure on Ukraine to investigate the Bidens was "insidious" and at least improper, if not illegal.
    • Bill Taylor, the acting ambassador to Ukraine, a Vietnam veteran and career diplomat who gave explosive and damning testimony to Congress that it was his "clear understanding" that "security assistance money would not come until" Zelensky "committed to pursue the investigation."
    • Marie Yovanovitch, the former US ambassador to Ukraine, a career diplomat who gave powerful and damning testimony that Trump and Giuliani pushed her out of her position for standing in the way of their efforts to compel Ukraine to investigate the Bidens.
    • David Holmes, a political counselor at the US embassy in Kyiv, Ukraine who publicly testified along Hill about Giuliani and Sondland's efforts to trade military aid for Ukraine announcing investigations into Burisma. 
  • Ukrainians:
    • President Volodymyr Zelensky, a former comedian and first-time president who was elected this April on a platform of cleaning up corruption in Ukraine.
    • Viktor Shokin and Yuriy Lutsenko, former Ukrainian prosecutors-general who were involved in the investigations into Burisma Holdings.
  • Members of Congress:
    • Rep. Adam Schiff, the House Intelligence Committee chairman, the person taking charge of the impeachment inquiry, subpoenaing witnesses, and holding hearings.
    • House Speaker Nancy Pelosi, who is guiding the trajectory of the impeachment inquiry in the House and recently called for a vote on a resolution to formalize the terms of the inquiry's public phase.
    • Senate Majority Leader Mitch McConnell, who would set the agenda for an impeachment trial in the Senate.
  • Others:
    • Former Vice President Joe Biden, a 2020 Democratic presidential candidate who ran point on US-Ukraine relations in the Obama administration.
    • Hunter Biden, Joe Biden's eldest son, who served on the board of the Ukrainian energy company Burisma Holdings from 2014 to 2019.
    • Rudy Giuliani, Trump's personal attorney who served as an unofficial envoy to Ukraine and roped various diplomats into his efforts to demand that Ukraine investigate the Bidens and the 2016 election He's now the focus of a federal investigation.
    • Lev Parnas and Igor Fruman, two business associates of Giuliani's who were recently charged with federal campaign-finance violations in connection with their Ukrainian lobbying work. Parnas is cooperating with the impeachment inquiry.


The stakes

Asking a foreign government for material campaign aid is not only unprecedented from a US president, but it could even violate campaign finance laws against soliciting campaign contributions or help from foreign nationals.

If Trump did, in fact, use military aid as a bargaining chip, as many officials have now testified under oath, he could also be impeached on charges of extortion, bribery, and misappropriation of taxpayer funds.

Trump's White House and administration have also refused to comply with many aspects of the inquiry and have attempted to block multiple administration officials from testifying, meaning Trump could also face a charge of obstructing Congress.

Beyond the immediate threat to Trump and those in his inner orbit, the Trump-Ukraine scandal could have lasting geopolitical consequences that reverberate for years to come.

Ukraine is highly dependent on American military aid to defend itself from incursions from Russia. Ukraine has been engaged in a hot war with Russia, a US adversary, since 2014, when Russia invaded and annexed the peninsula of Crimea, a contested territory.

In his testimony to Congress, Lt. Col. Alexander Vindman, an expert on Eastern European affairs on the National Security Council, expressed concern about the military and political implications of the administration withholding the aid.

Bill Taylor, the acting ambassador to Ukraine, also testified that the US withholding aid and signaling less support for Ukraine could further embolden Russia to take more aggressive military action and contribute to further destabilization of the region.



The possible outcomes

On October 31, the House voted to approve a formal resolution detailing the terms and parameters of its inquiry. But it is still in the fact-finding stage, hearing witness testimony and reviewing documents related to the inquiry.

The inquiry is being jointly pursued by the House Intelligence Committee, the House Foreign Affairs Committee, and the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee.

The impeachment process traditionally begins in the House Judiciary Committee, which draws up articles of impeachment based on the results of the inquiry.

The House hasn't determined whether it would limit the scope of the inquiry to the allegations raised in the whistleblower complaint and corroborated by administration officials, or whether it would include articles related to obstruction of congressional investigations.

If the committee passes articles of impeachment, they go to the full floor of the House and require a simple majority vote to pass. Members vote on each article individually, meaning Trump could be impeached on some articles but not others.

Former President Bill Clinton, for example, was impeached on articles of perjury and obstruction of justice, but he was cleared on a separate perjury-related article and a charge of abusing his office. In January 1999, the Senate acquitted Clinton on both charges.

For Trump to be removed from office, two-thirds of the US Senate — 67 members — must vote to convict him of articles of impeachment. Currently, the Senate consists of 53 Republicans, 45 Democrats, and two independents who caucus with Democrats.

If Trump is not impeached, or impeached but not convicted in the Senate, he stays in office, and it'll be left up to the American people to reelect him or vote him out of office in 2020.



Here's a timeline of events from our past coverage:

November 25:

House impeachment investigators reportedly have secret recordings of Trump and Rudy Giuliani, given to them by Giuliani's associate Lev Parnas

November 24:

A confidential White House review reportedly found emails from top officials trying to justify Trump's Ukraine military-aid block

Moderate Republicans went all in defending Trump at the impeachment hearings, which means Democrats have no chance to win them over

Rudy Giuliani says he has 'files' on the Bidens that will be released 'if I disappear'

November 23:

State Department documents link Mike Pompeo to Rudy Giuliani in the months leading up to Yovanovitch's recall

The 5 impeachment witnesses who locked down the Democrats' case against Trump

Ukraine's President Zelensky said he didn't feel pressured by Trump. Here's why that's bogus.

November 22: 

There's a huge loophole in the GOP's claim that Trump's sale of Javelin missiles to Ukraine shows his support for the country

Trump essentially admitted on live TV to doing the thing he's accused of in the impeachment inquiry

John Bolton says his Twitter account was 'supressed unfairly' after he left the Trump White House, and he dropped a cryptic hint that a bombshell revelation may be coming soon

Here are the most important takeaways from every day of Trump's impeachment hearings

November 21:

Fiona Hill and David Holmes gave powerful testimony about how everything was about to 'blow up' with Trump and Ukraine. Here are the biggest takeaways from their impeachment-inquiry hearing.

Former NSC official Fiona Hill gave a master class on what it means to be a non-partisan fact witness

Former NSC official Fiona Hill blasted sexist attitudes about women's anger in her impeachment testimony, and people love her for it

Impeachment witness Fiona Hill said she thought Gordon Sondland's testimony about Biden wasn't 'credible'

Fiona Hill slams Republican lawmakers who've promoted 'politically driven falsehoods that so clearly advance Russian interests'

Republicans are using massive signs to defend Trump so the cameras can catch them in the televised impeachment hearings

November 20:

A Pentagon official unexpectedly blew up Trump's defense in the Ukraine scandal and Gordon Sondland threw everyone under the bus. Here are the biggest takeaways from Wednesday's impeachment hearings.

Defense Department official gives bombshell testimony that US and Ukrainian officials asked about frozen military aid on the same day as Trump's call with Zelensky

Republicans are grasping at straws after EU Ambassador Gordon Sondland blew up one of their last defenses of Trump

Trump's ambassador to the EU says the president ordered him against his will to work with Rudy Giuliani on Ukraine

Cameras captured Trump's Ukraine talking points, written in giant Sharpie letters: 'I want nothing. I want no quid pro quo.'

The GOP warned Ambassador Sondland that he'd be 'smeared' by Democrats in the impeachment hearing before turning around and smearing him themselves

Rapper A$AP Rocky was a surprise focal point of Ambassador Sondland's impeachment hearing testimony

November 19:

The GOP's own witnesses blew up their case and a Purple Heart recipient was accused of disloyalty. Here are the biggest takeaways from Tuesday's impeachment hearings.

Republicans tried to smear Alexander Vindman by implying the US military officer has dual loyalty to Ukraine

Kurt Volker completely reverses his previous impeachment testimony and now says he thought discussions about political investigations were 'inappropriate'

Republicans called Kurt Volker to testify and he promptly shut down the right wing's biggest allegation against Joe Biden

Devin Nunes used all his time in the impeachment hearing to try to out the Ukraine whistleblower

November 18:

23 photos show the key moments of Trump's impeachment so far

Ambassador Sondland said Trump doesn't 'give a s---' about Ukraine except when it benefits him personally, official testifies

November 15:

Marie Yovanovitch took aim at Trump, Rudy Giuliani, and top brass at the State Department in damning testimony

Marie Yovanovitch gave powerful and incriminating testimony in the Trump impeachment hearing. Here are the biggest takeaways.

Trump attacked Marie Yovanovitch as she testified about learning she was fired while honoring an assassinated corruption activist

Experts say Trump's attacks on Marie Yovanovitch during the impeachment hearing amount to witness intimidation

Marie Yovanovitch was met with resounding applause and cheers after testifying for almost 7 hours in Trump's impeachment inquiry

Congressional Republicans are repeating many baseless conspiracy theories in Trump's impeachment inquiry. Here's why they're all bogus.

'Sondland told Trump that Zelensky 'loves your ass'': Official who overheard a call between Trump and a US ambassador testifies Trump asked about Ukraine investigations

November 14:

Fox News anchor Chris Wallace called the impeachment testimony 'very damaging' to Trump. The network earlier ran a graphic referring to Bill Taylor as a 'never Trumper.'

See the viral exchange where a Republican tried calling out Trump's whistleblower during the blockbuster impeachment hearings and a Democrat had the perfect response

November 13:

Bill Taylor and George Kent's vivid testimony in the first open impeachment hearing blew up Trump's defense in the Ukraine scandal

Bill Taylor and George Kent gave devastating testimony in the first Trump impeachment hearing. Here are the biggest takeaways.

A top State Department official blew a hole through one of Trump's main talking points in the impeachment hearing

Longtime diplomat Bill Taylor testifies that he had never seen a US president make foreign aid conditional on their personal or political interests

Top US diplomat Bill Taylor revealed details of a previously unknown phone call between Trump and Gordon Sondland in his bombshell impeachment hearing testimony

State Department official George Kent accuses Rudy Giuliani of 'infecting' US-Ukraine relations with 'false information' and a 'smear campaign' in impeachment hearing testimony

November 12:

Trump wants to fire the intelligence watchdog who told Congress about the whistleblower's complaint

A Pentagon official's newly released testimony further devastated Trump's central impeachment defense that Ukraine aid freeze wasn't linked to search for Biden dirt

Republicans are trying to shift the argument over impeachment to what was going on inside Trump's mind, after testimony tore apart defenses based on fact

November 11:

Aides reportedly tried to anticipate the fallout from Biden's son's dealings in Ukraine back in 2014 but were shut down because he was consumed by grief

A businessman involved in Giuliani's quest for Biden dirt claims he was sent on a mission to broker a 'quid pro quo,' and his testimony could be highly damaging for Trump

John Bolton's lawyer dropped an intriguing hint that shows why he could be the most dangerous witness against Trump

November 10:

House Intelligence members say committee has evidence of a Trump-Ukraine 'extortion scheme'

November 9:

House Republicans requested that Hunter Biden and the whistleblower publicly testify in impeachment hearings

Here's how Trump could be impeached, removed from office, and still win re-election in 2020

November 8:

Trump's former top Russia adviser Fiona Hill's impeachment testimony paints damning picture of pressure put on Ukraine

Here are the biggest takeaways from Lt. Col. Alexander Vindman's blockbuster testimony against Trump

November 7:

Ukraine was about to cave to Trump's demands. Then the public found out about the whistleblower.

November 6:

Rudy Giuliani lawyers up as federal prosecutors investigate and the impeachment inquiry ramps up

Transcript of Bill Taylor's testimony underscores extreme lengths Trump went to in urging Ukraine to investigate Bidens

Adam Schiff announces public hearings in impeachment probe will begin next Wednesday

November 5:

Former diplomat Kurt Volker says Rudy Giuliani was a 'direct conduit' to Ukraine and demanded they publicly announce an investigation into the Bidens

Gordon Sondland, US ambassador to the EU, is the latest witness to confirm a quid pro quo between Trump and Ukraine

November 4:

An indicted businessman with ties to Rudy Giuliani is willing to comply with Trump impeachment inquiry

It looks like Trump and Giuliani's efforts to intimidate and bully the former Ukrainian ambassador went much further than publicly known

Ukraine is firing the prosecutor who discussed a probe of the Bidens with Giuliani

Trump's ex-Ukraine envoy said she felt 'shocked' and threatened when Trump told Ukraine's president she was 'going to go through some things'

November 3:

The whistleblower at the heart of the impeachment inquiry has offered to answer written questions from House Republicans, lawyer says

October 31:

Former White House official testified that military aid to Ukraine was held up by Trump's demand to investigate Joe Biden

House passes resolution formalizing impeachment inquiry into Trump as GOP continues to slam process

Former national security adviser John Bolton asked to testify in House impeachment inquiry

October 29:

House Democrats took an important step in the impeachment inquiry, throwing a wrench into the GOP's biggest defense

A top White House official is about to blow a hole through Trump's main defense about the Ukraine call

October 24:

It looks like the Trump administration's pressure campaign against Ukraine may have gone further than freezing military aid

Intelligence veterans say Republicans storming a secure congressional facility was a 'thuggish' and 'offensive' stunt that risked national security

October 23:

House Republicans stormed a closed-door impeachment hearing and refused to leave — and Trump approved of it

Ukraine just threw a huge wrench into Trump's key defense denying a quid pro quo

October 22:

Trump's Ukraine envoy gave 'damning' testimony to Congress that prompted 'sighs and gasps' from people in the room

Putin and Hungary reportedly 'poisoned' Trump's view on Ukraine and reinforced his belief that the country was 'hopelessly corrupt'

October 19:

8 Trump officials made stunning revelations about how the president and Giuliani weaponized the State Department

October 17:

Mick Mulvaney publicly confirms Trump held up Ukraine aid for political gain

Gordon Sondland, a central figure in the Ukraine scandal, threw Trump and Giuliani under the bus in his opening statement to Congress

October 15:

Trump's White House counsel Pat Cipollone is the first line of defense when it comes to batting back House Democrats' impeachment inquiry

The floodgates are opening as Trump officials publicly defy his orders and more whistleblowers come out of the shadows

October 14:

FBI officials were 'rattled' and 'blindsided' by Trump's call for Ukraine to manufacture dirt on Joe Biden

Prosecutors are scouring Rudy Giuliani's bank records and business dealings in Ukraine as part of a widening criminal investigation

October 11:

Federal prosecutors are investigating whether Rudy Giuliani violated foreign lobbying laws in Ukraine

Ex-Ukraine envoy says she was fired on 'unfounded' and 'false' grounds after standing up to Trump and Giuliani

A federal court ordered Trump's accounting firm to turn over 8 years of his taxes to Congress

October 10:

2 of Rudy Giuliani's associates who prosecutors say helped him dig up dirt on Joe Biden have been charged with campaign finance violations

A White House adviser is flip-flopping on whether China gave him information on Joe Biden's son after Trump asked Beijing to investigate the Bidens

October 8:

White House says Trump 'cannot permit his administration' to cooperate with the 'partisan and unconstitutional' impeachment inquiry

A White House official who listened in on Trump's Ukraine call described it as 'crazy' and 'frightening'

The State Department blocked Ambassador Gordon Sondland from testifying to Congress about the Ukraine scandal

October 5:

Trump is reportedly blaming Rick Perry for his infamous call with the Ukrainian president

House Democrats subpoena the White House and Mike Pence as part of impeachment inquiry

October 4:

A 2nd intelligence official is considering filing a whistleblower complaint about Trump and Ukraine

Trump brought up Joe Biden during a June phone call with Chinese President Xi Jinping

Trump reportedly personally ordered the removal of ambassador to Ukraine after people said she was impeding Biden investigations

Newly revealed text messages show Trump diplomats' internal turmoil over his pressure on Ukraine

October 3:

Trump's conspiracies are reaching a fever pitch amid revelations that the whistleblower went to Congress before filing their complaint

There's a 2nd whistleblower complaint no one's talking about, and it could be as damaging to Trump as the Ukraine scandal

Trump's top diplomat in Ukraine said in a text message that it was 'crazy' to withhold aid in exchange 'for help with a political campaign'

2 top Trump deputies drafted a statement for Ukraine's president committing him to pursuing political investigations for Trump

October 2:

The Trump whistleblower told the House Intelligence Committee about their concerns before filing an official complaint

The State Department's watchdog will tell Congress about efforts to intimidate officials from cooperating with the Trump impeachment inquiry

Mike Pompeo made at least 4 significantly misleading statements about his role in the Trump-Ukraine phone call

Trump used Mike Pence to tell Ukraine the US would withhold military aid while demanding that it investigate corruption

Pompeo confirms he was on Trump's Ukraine call after previously dodging questions about it

October 1:

Trump's false theory that whistleblower requirements changed just before the complaint over his Ukraine call got shut down by the intelligence watchdog

The White House is 'paralyzed' and 'teetering on the edge of a cliff' as it grapples with Ukraine fallout and 'Hurricane Rudy'

'Pure insanity': Intelligence veterans are floored by Barr's 'off the books' overtures to foreign officials about the Russia probe

September 30:

Mike Pompeo reportedly took part in Trump's July 25 phone call with Ukraine's president

Trump pressed Australia's prime minister to help Attorney General Barr investigate the origins of the Russia probe

Former Ukrainian prosecutor says Giuliani repeatedly pushed him to investigate the Bidens

September 27:

A top State Department official at the center of the Ukraine whistleblower complaint just resigned

Justice Department veterans say Trump could be accused of breaking 4 laws in the Ukraine whistleblower scandal

Rudy Giuliani claims that he's 'the real whistleblower' and that no one will know the real story on Trump and Ukraine 'if I get killed'

'Lawyer up': DOJ veterans have one piece of advice for Trump and Giuliani amid the Ukraine whistleblower scandal

September 26:

Read the full declassified whistleblower complaint about a phone call between Trump and Ukraine's president

Here are the biggest moments from acting DNI Joseph Maguire's testimony to Congress about an explosive whistleblower complaint against Trump

Whistleblower says White House officials were 'deeply disturbed' by Trump's call with Ukraine's president and worried they 'had witnessed the president abuse his office for personal gain'

Acting DNI Joseph Maguire undermined the GOP's entire argument against the whistleblower in one sentence

The White House has a complete transcript of Ukraine call but hid it in a possible abuse of power, whistleblower complaint says

Trump suggested the whistleblower who filed a complaint against him is guilty of treason, which is punishable by death

The whistleblower who filed an explosive complaint against Trump is reportedly a CIA officer once assigned to the White House

The US's top intelligence watchdog found Trump's conduct so alarming it could expose him to blackmail

September 25:

The Trump whistleblower raised concerns that the White House handled records of the call with Ukraine's president in an 'unusual' way

Trump mentioned a wild conspiracy theory about the DNC and the Russia probe in his phone call with Ukraine's president

Ukrainian officials say Trump would only talk to Zelensky 'if they would discuss the Biden case' in their July phone call

Nancy Pelosi brought a combative attitude to a phone call with Trump before launching an impeachment inquiry

The notes on Trump's call with Ukraine's president hint at a quid pro quo over investigating Joe Biden's son

The US's top spy agency referred the Trump whistleblower complaint to the DOJ for criminal investigation. The DOJ decided not to investigate.

September 24:

Trump aides were so afraid he'd pressure Ukraine to investigate Biden that they tried to derail his call with the Ukrainian president

Trump tried to negotiate with Pelosi on the whistleblower complaint after she announced an impeachment inquiry. Pelosi told him to take a hike.

House Speaker Nancy Pelosi just announced the House will launch a formal impeachment inquiry against Trump amid whistleblower scandal

Trump confirms he withheld military aid from Ukraine before pressing Zelensky to probe Biden

September 23:

Trump reportedly slammed the brakes on a $400 million military-aid package to Ukraine days before he asked its president to investigate Joe Biden

September 19:

'DEFCON 1': US officials are rocked by a whistleblower complaint involving Trump's talks with a foreign leader

September 18:

The US's top spy agency just dropped a big hint that an 'urgent' whistleblower complaint involves Trump or someone close to him

A major whistleblower complaint at the US's top spy agency involves a Trump phone call with a 'promise' to a foreign leader

September 14:

The acting director of national intelligence is withholding a mysterious whistleblower complaint of 'urgent concern' that may involve Trump



Food52 hit 16 million readers in 10 years. The founders walked us through a $100 million growth strategy that goes way beyond content.

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Amanda Hesser (left) and Merrill Stubbs (right)

  • In September 2019, Food52 sold its majority stake to TCG Capital for $83 million. Valued at more than $100 million, the company plans on opening a brick-and-mortar store for their branded products in 2020, according to The Wall Street Journal.
  • The media and ecommerce business stands out with its terrific content, effective community engagement, and ability to monetize both, according to Mike Kerns, cofounder and partner at TCG Capital.
  • As a company that "never had a lot of funding ... any aggressive expansion we've had was the result of proving out a concept and expanding organically," said Amanda Hesser, cofounder of Food52. So for the last 10 years, she and her cofounder Merrill Stubbs gradually adapted their business and content strategy. 
  • Click here for more BI Prime stories.

In a competitive marketplace that sees more than 500 million blogs and 12 to 24 million ecommerce sites worldwide, Food52 stands out with its terrific content, effective community engagement, and ability to monetize both, according to Mike Kerns, cofounder and partner at TCG Capital.

Mike Kerns

Founded by former New York Times food writer Amanda Hesser and Merrill Stubbs in 2009, the site initially focused on weekly recipe contests that would generate content for several cookbooks. 

Ten years and 16 million followers later, the blog has become a company valued at more than $100 million— having generated approximately $30 million in revenue in 2018 and sold for $83 million in majority stake to TCG Capital in September. In a relatively short time, Hesser and Stubbs built a brand valued on par with New York Magazine, which was acquired by Vox Media at a $105 million valuation.

Turning a blog into a lucrative business involved a measured approach from Hesser and Stubbs. Since the company "never had a lot of funding," Hesser said,  "any aggressive expansion we've had was the result of proving out a concept and expanding organically."

The story of Food52 began 10 years ago when the cofounders funded the site with an advance from a multi-cookbook deal. Before its launch, they collected email addresses through a splash page for the beta site. Thousands signed up, so Hesser and Stubbs knew they had generated some buzz. 

As readership grew, here's how they tweaked their business and content strategy.

SEE ALSO: A college dropout who started her own healthy candy company at age 21 shares how she grew it into a multimillion-dollar company within 6 months of launching

READ MORE: We asked top founders, CEOs, and executives to highlight the women 30 and under to watch

Zero

Producing regular content and communicating with readers have been top priorities for Food52 from day one. The cofounders focused on organizing weekly contests, which involved testing recipes, styling and taking food photos, creating as much content as possible, and answering every reader's feedback, according to Stubbs.

"It was about giving people a reason to visit us every day, and building trust and a sense of us all being in this together," Stubbs said.



1,000

In 2010, the cofounders poured more effort into communication outside the site. However, there was no Instagram and Twitter was relatively new, so they went for email instead.

Hesser described their email format to First Round Review as "very magazine-like"— first by catching readers' attention with a solid headline, then by engaging with terrific photos and diverse content. Till this day, email remains the "most effective means of communication," the cofounders remarked.



10,000

When readership grew to around 10,000 within the same year, Hesser and Stubbs started recommending products and included links without affiliate fees. 

They also started accepting article submissions from community members, which allowed early members — with great writing and home-cooking skills — to contribute to the website differently.  

As a result, "we were able to give people a voice beyond participating in our recipe contests or in the comments section," Stubbs said.



100,000

At this point, Food52 had raised its seed round — a feat that's particularly impressive in 2010. 

Never mind that the site had a sizeable audience; investors were not interested in media companies back then, the cofounders noted.

To make matters worse, Food52 was mostly a blog with no plans of becoming a media company, so it made for a tough sell. This explains why Stubbs thought raising $750,000 was "a long, hard road." 



1 million

Around when readership reached one million in 2013, Hesser and Stubbs were ready to expand their business. "We felt that our content production had become a well-run operation, and this allowed us to experiment with some other areas we wanted to get into, like commerce," they said in an email. 

To make sure the new plan was viable, the company had already started doing a trial run on a third-party platform in 2012. 

The company tested products ranging from imported sardines to handcrafted ceramics — and everything sold out.

"The success of this pretty clunky commerce offering gave us the proof and the confidence we needed to raise a round of funding to build out our own native, fully integrated shop platform. Now, commerce represents 75% of our business," Hesser said.



10 million and beyond

With more than 10 million monthly visitors, community engagement and insight are some of Food52's most powerful resources. By 2018, the company launched its branded products, Five Two, after studying its members' comments. 



Expand carefully

Having experienced "very scrappy" days, Hesser and Stubbs know the importance of growing a company carefully. Beyond abundant testing and research, here are their tips for effective expansion: 

  • Don't over-hire or recruit someone too senior for the job. Hesser and Stubbs "learned [this] the hard way.""In reality, no one person can transform your business on their own, and if they're not cut out for being in the weeds at least some of the time, they're probably not a fit in the early stages," they noted in an email.
  • Don't follow trends just for the sake of it. At one point, the cofounders were seriously pressured to add videos onto the site. It was trendy, and everyone splurged on it, but they resisted. "We felt it wasn't yet clear how to monetize video, and we hadn't figured out how to do it efficiently," they said. Thankfully, the business partners waited. "This approach saved us a lot of money and angst."
  • Think of your consumers first. Make your consumers the top priority. Each major business decision should prioritize the needs and preferences of your consumers. "If not, go back to the drawing board," they said. In Food52's case, the cofounders told First Round Review they got to know their users through personal engagement in the comments section and the site's hotline. 


Consider the human factor

For a company that works hard at making informed decisions, one of the toughest challenges was dealing with personnel changes.

"We put a lot of thought into how we handle these difficult situations, but there's no playbook because you're dealing with people and everyone needs to be treated individually. Sometimes we get it right, sometimes we don't," Hesser said. "Once you get above 50 people, managing a team can become consuming and distract you from looking ahead."

The cofounders added that the human element is just as important internally as it is in the office. "Data is important, but so is gut. It's critical to find a balance between the two when building a consumer-facing business," Stubbs said.



Airlines are joining in on Black Friday with major flight sales — here's how you can save

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Delta air lines

Black Friday is perhaps the single most important day of the year for US retailers, even as Black Friday.

Last year, US retailers set a record with $6.22 billion in Black Friday business in online sales alone. 

With the online component, Black Friday continues to include more than just electronics and toys. Even airlines have been jumping on board with sales and specials of their own.

So far, deals are rather sparse, but we expect more to be announced as Black Friday and Cyber Monday get closer.

We'll be updating this list as the world's airlines announce their Black Friday sales, so be sure to check back and refresh.

In the meantime, scroll down to find the best airline Black Friday deals of 2019.

SEE ALSO: I flew Delta's reviled 767 business class seat from Europe to New York. Here's what it was actually like.

Delta

Delta is offering a ton of Black Friday deals starting on Tuesday, November 26 (the airline is calling it "Takeoff Tuesday").

The airline is offering cut-rate sales on a ton of individual routes throughout its network, on both domestic US and international flights.

To get the best deals, book by Sunday, December 1. The travel periods depend on the route, but are generally in December, January, or February — a few include days in March and April, too.

Visit Delta's Black Friday sale page to see the routes available. Some of the best deals include:

  • New York–Amsterdam for $309 round-trip.
  • Detroit–San Jose, Costa Rica for $507 round-trip.
  • Miami–New York for $187 round-trip.
  • Los Angeles–Milan, Italy for $639 round-trip.

Delta's also offering a Black Friday deal on vacation packages. You can get up to $350 off or 35,000 bonus miles when you book a vacation package. That's in addition to the usual savings from booking a flight and hotel together as a package.

Click here to book Delta's Black Friday deals.

 



Qatar Airways

Qatar Airways is offering $150 off round-trip economy flights and $300 off business class flights — including Qatar's award-winning Q Suite seats— to a handful of destinations from the US.

Tickets must be purchased by December 1, and the discounts are valid for travel from January 11 through May 19.

Use promo code "FLYDAY" to get the discount. Visit Qatar's Black Friday page to see a full list of eligible routes.

Click here to book a Black Friday deal on Qatar Airways.



Air France

Instead of discounts, Air France is offering triple miles for its Flying Blue frequent flyer members on round-trip flights between the US and Paris.

Book from now until December 2, and travel between December 7 and March 31, 2020 to take advantage of the deal.

Click here to book Air France flights as part of the triple miles promotion.



KLM Royal Dutch Airlines

KLM — which is co-owned with Air France by the larger Air France-KLM group — is offering a similar promotion for Flying Blue frequent flyer members.

Earn triple Flying Blue miles on round-trip flights from the US and Amsterdam when you book by December 2, and travel between December 7 and March 31, 2020.

Click here to book KLM flights as part of the triple miles promotion.



La Compagnie

La Compagnie, a boutique all-business class French airline, is offering a pre-Black Friday sale. 

Fly round-trip between Paris and New York in business class for just $1,000 if you book by November 26. The fares are valid on travel between now and April 30, subject to availability.

La Compagnie often offers competitive business class fares, but it's rare to see them go below $1,500.

Click here to book La Compagnie flights for $1,000 round-trip.



Check back here for more deals!

We expect a ton of airlines to announce their Black Friday and Cyber Monday deals over the next few days as Thanksgiving draws closer. Be sure to bookmark this page and check back — we'll be updating it constantly as new deals are announced!



How US soldiers tear Black Hawk helicopters apart and put them back together to keep them flying

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Army Black Hawk helicopter engine

  • US soldiers deployed to Kosovo started a phase maintenance inspection for one of their UH-60 Black Hawk helicopters on November 18.
  • Soldiers conduct those inspections every 480 flight hours, taking the helicopter apart and reassembling them to ensure they continue to function properly and safely.
  • Visit Business Insider's homepage for more stories.

Camp Bondsteel, Kosovo – Across the US military last year, there were 18 known crashes involving UH-60 Blackhawk helicopters. That makes routine maintenance and inspection a vital part of ensuring the safety and security of our military's soldiers and equipment.

Soldiers from Delta Company, 1-171st Aviation Regiment, the maintenance company for Task Force Aviation on Camp Bondsteel, began a phase maintenance inspection for one of their UH-60 Blackhawk Helicopters on November 18 in the aviation motor pool.

According to Army Techniques Publication 3-4.7, a phase maintenance inspection is a thorough and searching examination of the aircraft and associated equipment. The maintenance should be conducted every 320 flight hours in a UH-60's lifespan. More recently updated literature has changed the requirement to 480 flight hours.

SEE ALSO: An Army pilot received the service's second-highest award for using his Black Hawk as a big metal shield for wounded troops in Afghanistan

"Every 480 hours we take a helicopter completely down and apart for safety inspections," US Army Capt. Paul Strella, commander of Delta Company, TF AVN said.

"We're inspecting each individual component to make sure it's still air-worthy and meets the DoD standard. Then we put everything back on it and do a test flight, ensuring that the aircraft is safe for flight and release back to the unit to put back in service."

Strella said that it is becoming rare for an Army unit to have a phase team to do the type of maintenance they are conducting, because those jobs are being outsourced to contractors.



"It's a great opportunity for Delta Company, during the KFOR 26 rotation, to be able to get hands-on experience," Strella said.

"A lot of research went into the training and classes to be able to perform this efficiently and safely. Most importantly it's good training for the soldiers, to build their experience up for the continuity of the unit and to increase the soldiers' skill level."

The inspection should take 23 days by DoD standard, but Delta Company is extending the timeline to 10 weeks in order to move carefully through each step of the inspection.

Strella said this will allow meticulous execution of the processes and provide time for detailed training opportunities.



In addition to the routine aspects of the inspection, the soldiers plan to upgrade the engine to the most current model. The current engine is the General Electric 700 Model C and the updated engine will be a General Electric 700 Model D.



US Army Spc. Jared Turner, UH-60 Blackhawk Helicopter repairer, TF AVN, said that it's his job to make sure that the aircraft are in the proper condition to successfully complete missions, whether it's carrying troops, sling-loading for air assault missions, or medical evacuations.

He said his favorite part is seeing the results of his unit's labor.

"Out on the flight line you get to see them take off and fly all the time, and when you recognize an aircraft that you've worked on, it's just a good feeling," Turner said. "That's one of the best parts of the job. You watch it fly away and you're like — I put my hands on that."



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